1、北京市西城区2019届高三英语一模试题（含解析）第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。I often help my mom cook and baked chicken is my favorite thing to make. One day, when mom was sick, I tried to make the chicken all by myself. I washed the chicken a
2、nd put it in a pan in the oven _1_ (bake). When the bell rang to tell me the chicken was done, I opened the oven door. Guess what? The chicken was not cooked! I started to laugh. I forgot to turn _2_ the oven! Did you know what I did next? I _3_ (order) pizza. Mom was happy I “cooked” by myself and
3、we could eat the pizza together.【答案】1. to bake 2. on 3. ordered【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述一天妈妈生病，作者试着用烤箱做烤鸡，结果最后发现自己没有开烤箱开关，最后作者订了披萨和妈妈一起吃。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。这里用不定式表示目的性。句意：我洗了鸡，把它放在烤箱的盘子里烤。故填to bake。【2题详解】考查短语。短语turn on打开。句意：我忘记开烤箱开关了!故填on。【3题详解】考查时态。陈述过去的事情，故用一般过去时态。句意：我订了披萨。故填ordered。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处
4、仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Chocolate was first used as a drink over 3,500 years ago in Central America. It was very popular with the Mayans and the Aztecs. In fact, cocoa beans were very important to people there. That was _4_ they were used as money. In the beginning, cocoa _5_ (plant) in
5、 Ecuador, which was, for a long time, the worlds number-one producer of cocoa beans. It is still one of the top _6_ (producer) of the beans, but nowadays more than 70 per cent of cocoa beans come from West Africa.【答案】4. why 5. was planted 6. producers【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要简单地介绍了可可豆的历史和来源。【4题详解】考查名词性从句。表语
6、从句中，从句缺少原因状语，故用why引导。句意：这就是为什么它们被用作货币。故填why。【5题详解】考查语态。句中主语cocoa与动词plant之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。句意：起初，可可种植在厄瓜多尔。故填was planted。【6题详解】考查名词数。one of + 复数名词。句意：它仍然是最大的可可豆生产国之一。故填producers。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Wallaces giant bee is the worlds _7_ (large) bee, with a body
7、the size of a human thumb and wings that can spread to about 2.5 inches. That may sound _8_ (frighten), but the bee isnt likely to hurt anyone. It uses its large jaws (嘴) to collect a sticky goo, called resin, from trees. The bee _9_ (make) its home in termite mounds (白蚁丘) found on trees, using the
8、resin to protect its nest from the termites. Until recently, the bee had been seen by scientists only _10_ (two), once in 1868 and again in 1981.【答案】7. largest 8. frightening 9. makes 10. twice【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上最大的蜜蜂。【7题详解】考查形容词最高级。根据后句with a body the size of a human thumb and wings that can sp
9、read to about 2.5 inches.可知，华莱士的巨型蜜蜂是世界上最大的蜜蜂，所以用形容词最高级形式。句意：华莱士的巨型蜜蜂是世界上最大的蜜蜂。故填largest。【8题详解】考查形容词。sound为系动词，后接形容词形式。形容词frightening令人害怕的。句意：这听起来很可怕，但蜜蜂不太可能伤害任何人。故填frightening。【9题详解】考查主谓一致。句中主语为单数名词bee，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。句意：蜜蜂在树上的白蚁丘里安家，用树脂保护巢穴不受白蚁的侵害。故填makes。【10题详解】考查副词。根据后面once in 1868 and again in 1
10、981.可知，这里用副词twice。句意：直到最近，这种蜜蜂才被科学家们发现过两次，一次是在1868年，一次是在1981年。故填twice。第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。We first met Tom and Gee in the early days of our marriage. Someone had been _11_ our garbage cans to the garage each garbage day, and Jim and I had wo
11、ndered _12_. Then one day we _13_ him: an elderly man who lived across the street.I baked cookies and left them on a chair outside the garage _14_ a thank-you note. When we got home from work that day, a typed letter had replaced the _15_. The letter was from Tom and explained how he had come to _16
12、_ the neighborhood on garbage day, returning cans for people he _17_ knew. Back when hed been fighting a war I wasnt alive to see, his young wife, Gee, had found herself living alone. Neighbors had taken the time to _18_ her garbage cans so _19_ didnt have to, and he _20_ forgot. Now he paid it forw
13、ard by doing the same for all of us.A few years after wed moved in, Tom died. We photocopied that letter and _21_ it to one of our own for Gee. We told her how _22_ Tom had been to us, how sad we felt sorry for her, how thankful we were to have _23_ him. She wrote back and told us she still talked t
14、o Tom every day.These days, were planning a _24_. The house that seemed so huge six years ago is filled with furniture and books and toys and, of course, people. We know its time to go, and _25_ we cant seem to stick the For Sale sign up on the lawn. Gaining a third bedroom sometimes seems like an a
15、wful trade for all we stand to _26_.Its not just Gee. Its the man who lets our kids pick peaches off the tree in his front yard. Its the ladies who _27_ Jim when their pool filter (过滤器) breaks and leave overflowing baskets for our kids on Easter. Its the police officer living directly across from us
16、, who smiles and waves and makes me feel a little _28_ when Jim is away.The moving boxes are still neatly packed in our basement, but Jim and I agree to _29_ until January. Maybe before leaving Ill talk to Tom, just as Gee still does. Thank you, Ill say, for teaching us what it means to be a _30_.11
17、. A. liftingB. returningC. deliveringD. fixing12. A. whoB. whatC. howD. why13. A. visitedB. caughtC. spottedD. followed14. A. inB. forC. toD. with15. A. giftB. chairC. garbageD. cake16. A. protectB. searchC. walkD. greet17. A. onlyB. barelyC. nearlyD. surely18. A. handleB. changeC. recycleD. open19.
18、 A. theyB. weC. heD. she20. A. neverB. alwaysC. sometimesD. seldom21. A. wrappedB. connectedC. attachedD. exposed22. A. specialB. hopefulC. powerfulD. lucky23. A. contactedB. rememberedC. knownD. understood24. A. partyB. tripC. meetingD. move25. A. alsoB. yetC. thenD. therefore26. A. winB. loseC. fa
19、ilD. save27. A. helpB. treatC. chargeD. call28. A. strongerB. happierC. saferD. firmer29. A. planB. waitC. prepareD. talk30. A. husbandB. friendC. coupleD. neighbor【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇
20、记叙文。文章作者叙写了一位叫汤姆的老人教给我们“什么才是真正的邻居”的故事。【11题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次垃圾回收日都有人把我们垃圾桶放回车库，我和吉姆想知道是谁。A. lifting举起；B. returning返回；C. delivering传递；D. fixing修理。故选B。【12题详解】考查疑问代词词义辨析。句意：每天都有人把我们的垃圾桶放回车库，我和吉姆想知道是谁。2. A. who谁；B. what什么；C. how怎么；D. why为什么。根据后句Then one day we _3_ him: an elderly man who lived across the
21、 street.可知，我和吉姆想知道是谁。故选A。【13题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来有一天，我们发现了他：一个住在街对面的老人。A. visited参观；B. caught抓住；C. spotted发现；认出；D. followed跟随。根据an elderly man who lived across the street.可知，这里是发现了他们要找的人。故选C。【14题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：我烤了些饼干，把它们和一张感谢信一起放在车库外的椅子上。A. in在里面；B. for为了；C. to 到；D. with和一起。故选D。【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们那天
22、下班回家时，一封打印的信代替了礼物。A. gift礼物；B. chair椅子；C. garbage车库；D. cake蛋糕。根据前句I baked cookies and left them on a chair outside the garage _4_ a thank-you note.可知，这里是指上文的礼物。故选A。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这封信是汤姆写来的，信中解释了他是如何在垃圾回收日走到这片社区，给那些他几乎不认识的人送回垃圾桶。A. protect保护；B. search寻找；C. walk行走；D. greet打招呼。故选C。【17题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句
23、意：这封信是汤姆写来的，信中解释了他是如何在垃圾回收日走到这片社区，给那些他几乎不认识的人送回垃圾桶。A. only只有；B. barely几乎不；C. nearly几乎；D. surely一定。联系上下文可知，这些人他几乎都不认识。故选B。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻居们花了不少时间帮她处理垃圾桶，所以她就不用这么做了。A. handle处理；B. change改变；C. recycle回收；D. open打开。根据后文Now he paid it forward by doing the same for all of us.可知是他要像原先邻居做的那样，（邻居帮他妻子处理垃圾
24、桶），故选A。【19题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：邻居们花了不少时间帮她处理垃圾桶，所以她就不用这么做了。A. they他们；B. we我们；C. he他；D. she她。根据前句Neighbors had taken the time to _8_ her garbage cans可知，因为邻居们的帮忙，所以她就不用这么做了。故选D。【20题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：而他也从未忘记。A. never从不；B. always总是；C. sometimes有时；D. seldom很少。根据Now he paid it forward by doing the same for all of
25、 us.可知，对于邻居们的帮忙，他从未忘记过。故选A。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们复印了那封信，并把它附在我们自己的一份上面。A. wrapped裹；B. connected连接；C. attached附上；D. exposed揭露。短语attached to附在上面。故选C。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们告诉她汤姆对我们来说是多么的特别。A. special特别的；B. hopeful有希望的；C. powerful有力量的；D. lucky幸运的。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们多么庆幸认识了他。A. contacted联系；B. rememb
26、ered记得；C. known知道；D. understood理解。故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些天，我们计划搬家。A. party宴会；B. trip旅行；C. meeting会议；D. move搬家。根据后文We know its time to go, and _15_ we cant seem to stick the For Sale sign up on the lawn.可知，作者计划搬家。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们知道是时候离开了，但我们似乎不能把待售的牌子贴在草坪上。A. also也；B. yet然而；C. then那时；D. th
27、erefore因此。根据we cant seem to stick the For Sale sign up on the lawn.可知，这里是转折关系。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为我们可能会失去一切。A. win赢得；B. lose失去；C. fail失败；D. save拯救。根据Gaining a third bedroom sometimes seems like an awful trade有时，获得第三间卧室似乎是一个糟糕的交易，可知，糟糕的原因是因为我们可能会失去一切。故选B。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：是女士们在她们的泳池过滤器坏了的时候给吉姆打
28、电话。A. help帮助；B. treat对待；C. charge负责；D. call打电话。故选D。【28题详解】考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：当吉姆不在的时候，住在我们正对面的警官微笑着挥手，让我觉得更安全了。A. stronger更强的；B. happier更高兴的；C. safer更安全的；D. firmer更稳固的。根据Its the police officer living directly across from us, who smiles and waves可知，住在我们正对面的警官微笑着挥手让作者感觉更安全。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我和吉姆同意等
29、到明年一月再搬。A. plan计划；B. wait等待；C. prepare准备；D. talk交谈。故选B。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想说，谢谢你教会了我们什么是邻居。A. husband丈夫；B. friend朋友；C. couple夫妇；D. neighbor邻居。故选D。【点睛】本文是一篇记叙类的完形填空，难度中等偏易。文章逻辑性较强，只要读懂文章大意，基本能选出正确答案。考生做此完形填空时，要充分理解文章大意，特别注重语境的理解，前后句之间的联系，在语境中斟酌所选的答案。如小题3考查的是动词词义的辨析，我们需要根据an elderly man who lived acr
30、oss the street.可知，这里是发现了他们要找的人，从而根据语境选出正确的答案。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAmsterdam Destination GuideAmsterdam is one of the most popular travel destinations in the world, famous for its beautiful canals, top art museums, cycling culture and so
31、 on. It is the capital and most populous city in the Netherlands and often referred to as the “Venice of the North” because of its expansive system of bridges and canals. Here are some of the key points to remember as you plan your trip to Amsterdam.Boom SeasonPopulationLanguage(s)CurrencyJanuary Cl
32、imateJuly ClimateMay to October813,562DutchEuroAverage high: 5.8 CAverage high: 22.0 CMust-See AttractionsMost visitors begin their Amsterdam adventure in the Old Centre, which is full of traditional architecture, shopping centers, and coffee shops. Youll also want to check out Amsterdams Museum Qua
33、rter in the South District, which is great for shopping at the Albert Cuyp Market and having a picnic in the Vondelpark. The top museums to visit there are the Rijksmusuem, the Ann Frank House, and the Van Gogh Museum.If You Have TimeThere are several other unique districts in Amsterdam, and you sho
34、uld try to explore as many of them as time allows. The Canal Ring is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was originally built to attract wealthy home owners and is a center for celebrity spotting and nightlife today. The Plantage area has most of the citys museums, including the Jewish Historical Muse
35、um, the Scheepvaart Museum, and the botanical gardens.Money Saving TipsUnless you really want to see the tulips (郁金香) blooming, avoid booking between mid-March and mid-May. This is when hotel and flight prices rise.Look for accommodations in Amsterdams South District, where rates are generally cheap
36、er than in the city center.Buy train tickets at the machine instead of the counter to save a bit of money.Instead of hiring a tour guide, hop on a canal boat. Theyre inexpensive and will give you a unique point of view of the city.Check outour homepageto view price comparisons for flights, hotels, a
37、nd rental cars before you book.31. What can be learned about Amsterdam from this passage?A. Amsterdam is called the “Venice of the North” because of its location.B. The Van Gogh Museum lies in Amsterdams Museum Quarter.C. The Old Centre is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.D. The Canal Ring is a place to
38、 attract garden lovers.32. In order to save money in Amsterdam, you can _.A. arrange a guided canal tourB. buy train tickets at the counterC. reserve a hotel in the South DistrictD. book flights between mid-March and mid-May33. Where is the passage most probably taken from?A. A magazine.B. An essay.
39、C. A report.D. A website.【答案】31. B 32. C 33. D【解析】本文是一篇广告布告类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹的旅游指南。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Must-See Attractions中的Youll also want to check out Amsterdams Museum Quarter in the South District, which is great for shopping at the Albert Cuyp Market and having a picnic in the Vondelpark. The top
40、 museums to visit there are the Rijksmusuem, the Ann Frank House, and the Van Gogh Museum.可知，梵高博物馆位于阿姆斯特丹南区的博物馆区。故选B。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Money Saving Tips中的Look for accommodations in Amsterdams South District, where rates are generally cheaper than in the city center. 在阿姆斯特丹南区寻找住宿，那里的房价通常比市中心便宜。故选C。【33
41、题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Check outour homepageto view price comparisons for flights, hotels, and rental cars before you book在预订之前，请查看我们的主页，从而可以推断出，此文最有可能选自网站。故选D。BThree months after Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Rebecca Sell, then 24, a photojournalist for Fredericksburg photographed a New Orleans couple worr
42、iedly examining water-spotted photo albums. As she took the photo, something within her clicked. “I told them I could take the ruined pictures, copy them and give them digitally restored (修复) photos,” she recalls. Although a bit sceptical, the couple agreed. Rebecca took their photos home, restored
43、them and took them to the couple at their temporary home. “It felt so good to be able to do that for them,” says Rebecca.When her editor, Dave Ellis, saw the photo of the couple, he suggested they go back and restore damaged photos for even more people. So in January 2006, with paid time off from th
44、e paper, the two set up shop in Pass Christian. After posting a notice in the community newsletter, Rebecca and Dave received 500 photos in four days. For each, the pair took a new digital picture, then used high-tech software to erase water spots and restore colors. It just so happened that a popul
45、ar website linked to Daves blog about the experience, and soon Operation Photo Rescue, as it came to be known, had emails from hundreds of volunteers, including photographers and restoration experts, eager to help.Though digital restoration is a painstaking process, mending irreplaceable family pict
46、ures means the world to victims like Emily Lancaster, 71, who took out piles of ruined photo albums after Katrina, never thinking the mess could be saved. But she just couldnt bear to part with a few treasured pictures, including a portrait of her father, who had passed away, and a photo of her husb
47、and as a boy. Then she heard about Operation Photo Rescue. “I didnt have a whole lot of hope they could fix them, but they did,” Emily says. “Almost every day I think about all the pictures Ive lost. Im so happy to have these two.”In the five years since Katrina, Operation Photo Rescue has collected
48、 thousands of pictures ruined by floods, hurricanes and tornadoes. Volunteers make “copy runs” to disaster areas across the country to gather damaged photos from survivors; operating costs are covered by donations. “Its great to be able to give people some of their history back,” says Rebecca. “One
49、person told me that thanks to us, her grandmother got to see her photos again before she passed away. Moments like that remind me why I do this.”34. When Rebecca took the picture of the New Orleans couple, she decided to _.A. take them to their temporary homeB. help with their damaged photosC. set u
50、p shop in Pass ChristianD. cover Hurricane Katrina35. From Paragraph 2 we know that Dave and Rebecca _.A. quit their jobs in 2006B. inspired volunteers to join themC. spent four days mending the photosD. made their work known in their newspaper36. How did Emily Lancaster feel when she first heard ab
51、out Operation Photo Rescue?A. Excited.B. Hopeless.C. Satisfied.D. Sceptical.37. What is the best title for the passage?A. Surviving HurricanesB. An Act of GenerosityC. Saving MemoriesD. A Lucky Couple【答案】34. B 35. B 36. D 37. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙写了摄影记者丽贝卡塞尔和编辑戴夫埃利斯通过照片修复，他们让很多人丢失的记忆得到恢复，同时，也赢得了人们的肯
52、定。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I told them I could take the ruined pictures, copy them and give them digitally restored (修复) photos,” she recalls.可知，摄影记者丽贝卡塞尔会帮助他们修复受损的照片。故选B。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段It just so happened that a popular website linked to Daves blog about the experience, and soon Operation Photo Re
53、scue, as it came to be known, had emails from hundreds of volunteers, including photographers and restoration experts, eager to help.后来被称为“照片救援行动”的网站，收到了数百名志愿者的电子邮件，其中包括摄影师和修复专家，他们都渴望提供帮助，可知，他们的行动鼓舞了其他的志愿者加入。故选B。36题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“I didnt have a whole lot of hope they could fix them, but they did,”
54、 Emily says. 艾米丽说:“能修好它们，我没有抱太大的希望，但他们做到了。”从而可以推断出，艾米丽最初对能够修复照片是怀疑的。故选D。【37题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Its great to be able to give people some of their history back,” says Rebecca. “One person told me that thanks to us, her grandmother got to see her photos again before she passed away. Moments like that re
55、mind me why I do this.”可知，通过照片修复，他们让很多人丢失的记忆得到恢复，同时，也赢得了人们的肯定。故选C。【点睛】考查阅读理解选择最佳标题时，需要注意排除绝对化或片面的选项，要放眼全文，从首段和末段寻找文章的主旨大意。小题4就是根据文章最后一段“Its great to be able to give people some of their history back,” says Rebecca. “One person told me that thanks to us, her grandmother got to see her photos again be
56、fore she passed away. Moments like that remind me why I do this.”可知，通过照片修复，他们让很多人丢失的记忆得到恢复，同时，也赢得了人们的肯定，从而概括出标题。CLike many other people who speak more than one language, I often have the sense that Im a slightly different person in each of my languagesmore confident in English, more relaxed in Frenc
57、h, more emotional in Czech. Is it possible that, along with these differences, my moral compass (指南针) also points in somewhat different directions depending on the language Im using at the time?Psychologists who study moral judgments have become very interested in this question. The findings of seve
58、ral recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas (困境), they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue.In a 2014 paper led by Albert Costa volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the “trolley
59、problem”: imagine that a runaway trolley is moving quickly toward a group of five people standing on the tracks, unable to move. You are next to a switch that can move the trolley to a different set of tracks, therefore sparing the five people, but resulting in the death of one who is standing on th
60、e side tracks. Do you pull the switch?Most people agree that they would. But what if the only way to stop the trolley is by pushing a large stranger off a footbridge into its path? People tend to be very hesitant to say they would do this, even though in both situations, one person is sacrificed to
61、save five. But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native langua
62、ge to about 50% of those using the foreign one.Why does it matter whether we judge morality in our native language or a foreign one? According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinkingone of these, a quick, natural “feeling,” and the other, careful delibe
63、ration about the greatest good for the greatest number. When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink into the more careful way simply because the effort of operating in our non-native language signals our cognitive (认知的) system to prepare for difficult activity.An alternative explanation is
64、 that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings. As a result, moral judgments made in a foreign language are less filled with the emotional reactions that surface when we use
65、a language learned in childhood.Theres strong evidence that memory connects a language with the experiences and interactions through which that language was learned. For example, people who are bilingual (双语的) are more likely to recall an experience if reminded in the language in which that event oc
66、curred. Our childhood languages, learned in the middle of passionate emotion, become filled with deep feeling. By comparison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over computer screens and headphones, enter o
67、ur minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers.38. What does “this question” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. What contributes to ones language improvements?B. Is it necessary to learn more than one foreign language?C. Does the language one uses influence ones moral judgments?
68、D. How do people deal with moral dilemmas in a foreign language?39. When the “trolley problem” was presented in a foreign language, volunteers were more likely to _.A. care less about the five peopleB. pull the switch to the side tracksC. remain hesitant about what to doD. sacrifice the stranger on
69、the footbridge40. The underlined word in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _.A. considerationB. guidanceC. selectionD. arrangement41. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?A. Bilingual people are less emotional than others.B. Native language learning involves greater emotions.C. Childhoo
70、d memories limit foreign language learning.D. Academic settings promote foreign language learning.【答案】38. C 39. D 40. A 41. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。最近的一些研究的结果表明，当人们面对道德困境时，他们用外语思考和用母语思考时的反应确实不同。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dil
71、emmas (困境), they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue.可知，最近的一些研究的结果表明，当人们面对道德困境时，他们用外语思考的反应和他们的母语思考的反应确实是不同的。所以此问题指的是一个人使用的语言会影响他的道德判断吗？故选C。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a
72、 language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.可知，志愿者们用已经学会的外语来表达这种两难境地时，极大地增加
73、了他们将牺牲者推下人行桥的意愿。分别与D选择项中的sacrifice和 footbridge分别对应。故选D。【40题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第五段According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinkingone of these, a quick, natural “feeling,”这样的判断涉及两种独立的、相互竞争的思维方式一种是快速、自然的“感觉”，所以猜测出，另外一种是对大多数人最大利益的深思熟虑。故选A。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段
74、An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings. 母语和外语之间的差异是因为我们的童年语言比在学术环境中学习的语言更充满感情，和最后一段By comparison, languages acquired late in life, especi
75、ally if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over computer screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers. 后天习得的语言，缺乏母语者所具有的情感。所以说，母语学习包含更多的情感。故选B。【点睛】阅读理解通常都会出现词义猜测题，要求考生从上下文理解中概括出生词或短语的词义。考生作此类
76、题型时，首先要找到所猜测词所在文章的位置，然后在理解文章大意的基础之上，对此词前后句反复研读，最后根据前后句猜测出词义。例如小题3要求猜测出deliberation的含义，就是文章第五段According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinkingone of these, a quick, natural “feeling,”这样的判断涉及两种独立的、相互竞争的思维方式一种是快速、自然的“感觉”，所以猜测出，另外一种是对大多数人最大利益的深思熟虑，从而推测出del
77、iberation为“深思熟虑”之意。DWe talk continuously about how to make children more “resilient (有恢复力的)”，but whatever were doing, its not working. Rates of anxiety disorders and depression are rising rapidly among teenagers. What are we doing wrong?Nassim Taleb invented the word “antifragile and used it to desc
78、ribe a small but very important class of systems that gain from shocks, challenges, and disorder. The immune (免疫的) system is one of them: it requires exposure to certain kinds of bacteria and potential allergens (过敏原) in childhood in order to develop to its full ability.Childrens social and emotiona
79、l abilities are as antifragile as their immune systems. If we overprotect kids and keep them“safe from unpleasant social situations and negative emotions,we deprive (剥夺) them of the challenges and opportunities for self-building they need to grow strong. Such children are likely to suffer more when
80、exposed later to other unpleasant but ordinary life events, such as teasing and social rejection.Its not the kids fault. In the UK, as in the US, parents became much more fearful in the1980s and 1990s as cable TV and later the Internet exposed everyone, more and more, to those rare occurrences of cr
81、imes and accidents that now occur less and less. Outdoor play and independent mobility went down; screen time and adult-monitored activities went up.Yet free play in which kids work out their own rules of engagement, take small risks, and learn to master small dangers turns out to be vital for the d
82、evelopment of adult social and even physical competence. Depriving them of free play prevents their social-emotional growth. Norwegian play researchers Ellen Sandseter and Leif Kennair warned: “We may observe an increased anxiety or mental disorders in society if children are forbidden from particip
83、ating in age adequate risky play. They wrote those words in 2011. Over the following few years, their prediction came true. Kids born after 1994 are suffering from much higher rates of anxiety disorders and depression than did the previous generation. Besides, there is also a rise in the rate at whi
84、ch teenage girls are admitted to hospital for deliberately harming themselves.What can we do to change these trends? How can we raise kids strong enough to handle the ordinary and extraordinary challenges of life? We cant guarantee that giving primary school children more independence today will bri
85、ng down the rate of teenage suicide tomorrow. The links between childhood overprotection and teenage mental illness are suggestive but not clear-cut. Yet there are good reasons to suspect that by depriving our naturally antifragile kids of the wide range of experiences they need to become strong, we
86、 are systematically preventing their growth. We should let goand let them grow.42. Why does the author mention the immune system in Paragraph 2?A. To stress its importance.B. To analyze the cause of anxiety.C. To question the latest discovery.D. To help understand a new word.43. Parents overprotect
87、children because_.A. they are concerned about their childrens safetyB. they want to keep children from being teasedC. parent-monitored activities are a mustD. children are not independent enough44. According to the author, free play can_.A. promote childrens resilienceB. strengthen childrens friends
88、hipC. reduce childrens risky behaviorD. develop childrens leadership skills45. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?A. Stop trying to perfect your child.B. It takes great courage to raise children.C. Prepare the child for the road, not the road for the child.D. While we try to
89、teach our children all about life, our children teach us what life is all about.【答案】42. D 43. A 44. A 45. C【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述的是“不要过分保护孩子”。作者认为“让孩子为路做准备，而不是为孩子准备路”。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段Nassim Taleb invented the word “antifragile and used it to describe a small but very important class of systems that gai
90、n from shocks, challenges, and disorder. The immune (免疫的) system is one of them: it requires exposure to certain kinds of bacteria and potential allergens (过敏原) in childhood in order to develop to its full ability.“纳西姆塔勒布发明了“抗脆弱”这个词，并使用它来描述一个很小但非常重要的系统类别，它从冲击、挑战和混乱中获益。免疫系统就是其中之一:它需要在儿童时期接触某些种类的细菌和潜在
91、的过敏原，以充分发展其能力。”可知，作者在第二段中提到免疫系统是为了帮助理解一个新单词antifragile。故选D。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中Its not the kids fault. In the UK, as in the US, parents became much more fearful in the1980s and 1990s as cable TV and later the Internet exposed everyone, more and more, to those rare occurrences of crimes and accidents
92、that now occur less and less.“这不是孩子们的错。在英国，就像在美国一样，父母们在20世纪80年代和90年代变得更加害怕，因为有线电视和后来的互联网让每个人越来越多地暴露在那些现在越来越少发生的罕见的犯罪和事故面前。”可知，父母过分保护孩子，因为他们担心孩子的安全。故选A。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中Yet free play in which kids work out their own rules of engagement, take small risks, and learn to master small dangers turns out
93、to be vital for the development of adult social and even physical competence.“然而，让孩子们自己制定参与规则、承担小风险并学会掌握小危险的自由游戏，对成人社交能力乃至身体能力的发展至关重要。”可知，作者认为，自由玩耍可以提高孩子的适应力。故选A。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Yet there are good reasons to suspect that by depriving our naturally antifragile kids of the wide range of experience
94、s they need to become strong, we are systematically preventing their growth. We should let goand let them grow.“然而，我们有充分的理由怀疑，通过剥夺我们天生抗脆弱的孩子成长所需的广泛经验，我们正在系统性地阻止他们的成长。我们应该放手，让他们成长。”由此可知，作者会同意“让孩子为路做准备，而不是为孩子准备路”的观点。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Todays students are
95、 surrounded by information. The ability to figure out exactly why authors writeand not accept every opinion as factis a key skill. _46_ The following strategies teach them how to figure out why authors really write.Start with why. “Why did the author write this piece?” is the key question asked to i
96、dentify authors purpose. To help students expand their understanding of “why,” post various types of nonfiction (an advertisement, opinion article, news article, etc.) around your classroom and have students quickly identify a purpose for each. _47_Talk about structure. Authors use different structu
97、res for different purposes. For example, one author may use time order to explain an event, while another author uses compare and contrast to put that event into context._48_Often when authors write, theyre trying to get readers to feel a certain way. Perhaps the author of an article about whale con
98、servation wants readers to feel sad about the difficult situation of whales. Or the author of a letter may want to make the recipient feel better about a situation. After students read a text, stop and ask: How do you feel? And how did the author get you to feel this way?Connect it to students own w
99、riting. It doesnt have to be said that writing and reading go hand in hand. _49_ When students are asked to write about a topic that they think everyone should know about, to explain a procedure or to share a personal memory, theyll become more conscious of how authors approach writing.Observe how p
100、urpose changes within a text. Authors purpose is often studied through the text as a whole, but authors have different reasons for writing within texts as well. _50_ Then, they may launch into a list of facts that make the reader feel discouraged about the situation. And finally, they may conclude w
101、ith an appeal. Take a short article and break it apart, identifying the different purposes so that students see how authors purpose changes as they read.A. Get to the heart.B. Identify the topic.C. The readers may get more advanced in their work with informational text.D. For example, an author may
102、include a funny anecdote (轶事) to draw the reader in.E. In particular, theyll need to figure out authors purpose and draw their own conclusions.F. Expand students awareness of why people write by having them write for different purposes.G. Or keep a running Authors Purpose board with a list of the va
103、rious reasons that authors write.【答案】46. E 47. G 48. A 49. F 50. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章作者介绍了如何找出作者真正写作原因的策略。【46题详解】考查承上启下句。根据前句The ability to figure out exactly why authors writeand not accept every opinion as factis a key skill.明确作者写作目的，并且不把每个观点当成事实，是一项关键能力，和后句The following strategies teach them how to f
104、igure out why authors really write. 下面的策略教他们如何找出作者真正写作的原因，可知，学生需要弄清楚作者的意图并得出自己的结论。故选E。【47题详解】根据文章首句Start with why. “Why did the author write this piece?” is the key question asked to identify authors purpose.弄清作者写作目的，和空前一句提及到的具体的操作方法，可知，这里与前句是并列关系，其内容也是具体的办法。故选G。【48题详解】考查本段主题句。根据后句Often when authors
105、 write, theyre trying to get readers to feel a certain way. 当作者写作时，他们常常试图让读者有某种特定的感觉，后文反复提到feel这个词，让学生挖掘自身的感受，并思考作者是如何让人产生这种感受。对应这A选择项中的heart。故选A。【49题详解】根据前句It doesnt have to be said that writing and reading go hand in hand. 写作和阅读是相辅相成的，和后句When students are asked to write about a topic that they thi
106、nk everyone should know about, to explain a procedure or to share a personal memory, theyll become more conscious of how authors approach writing.当学生被要求写一个他们认为每个人都应该知道的话题，解释一个过程或分享个人记忆时，他们会更清楚作者是如何写作的，可知，这里都提及到读与写之间的关系，提出要以写作促进阅读。所以，这里为：通过让学生为不同的目的写作来提高他们对写作原因的认识。故选F。【50题详解】考查承上启下句。根据前句Authors purpo
107、se is often studied through the text as a whole, but authors have different reasons for writing within texts as well. 作者的写作目的通常是通过文本整体来研究的，但作者在文本内部写作的原因也不尽相同，和后句Then, they may launch into a list of facts that make the reader feel discouraged about the situation. 然后，他们可能会列出一系列事实，让读者对这种情况感到气馁。所以这里为：例如
108、,作者可能包括一个有趣的轶事来吸引读者。故选D。第三部分：书面表达 (共两节，35分)第一节（15分）51.你的英国朋友Jim对你们学校的学生社会实践活动非常感兴趣。他来信希望你介绍这方面的有关情况。请你给他回信，内容包括：1学校有哪些社会实践活动；2.你最喜欢哪一类活动；3.喜欢的原因。注意：1. 词数不少于50；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。提示词：社会实践活动 extracurricular activityDear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,Im happy to hear that youre interested in the extrac
109、urricular activities organized by our school. Now, Id like to give you more details.A variety of activities have been organized, such as visiting Capital Museum, taking a field trip to Qufu, Shandong, home of Confucius, planting trees in Mangshan Park and learning to bake a cake in a pastry shop, ju
110、st to name a few. The activities mentioned above are quite popular with students. My favorite kind of activity is field trips. I went to Qufu in Senior One and Hangzhou in Senior Two. Both trips deeply impressed me. The reasons why I like field trips are as follows. First, field trips offer me a goo
111、d chance to broaden my horizons. As the Chinese saying goes: “It is better to travel ten thousand miles than to read ten thousand books.” Not only can I learn from locals and my own experiences, but also I can see with my own eyes our beautiful country and splendid culture. Second, field trips impro
112、ve my research skills. Before we take field trips, we are always asked to prepare by searching online or in the library for useful information. Third, field trips help strengthen friendships. Since many of the field trips last several days, it is a good opportunity to bond with classmates better out
113、side the classroom. I really hope that you can go on a field trip with us in the future.YoursLi Hua【解析】【分析】本书面表达是一篇提纲类写作。要求用英语给英国朋友Jim写一封回信。【详解】这是一篇书信类作文。你的英国朋友Jim对你们学校的学生社会实践活动非常感兴趣。他来信希望你介绍这方面的有关情况。请你给他回信，内容包括：1.学校有哪些社会实践活动；2.你最喜欢哪一类活动；3.喜欢的原因。我们所要做的就是用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。本作文中给出的要点比较简略，故需要自由发挥的地方较多。需要
114、注意不要偏离文章中心。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，一定要契合整个文章，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。【点睛】本文内容齐全，结构严谨，层次分明，布局合理，语言精练，同时运用高级句子。宾语从句的使用：Im happy to hear that youre interested in the extracurricular activities organized by our school.定语从句的使用：The reasons why I like field trips are as follo
115、ws.倒装句的使用：Not only can I learn from locals and my own experiences, but also I can see with my own eyes our beautiful country and splendid culture.第二节（20分）52.假设你是红星中学高三年级学生李华. 请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英文周记,记录上周你制作以 “我眼中的改革开放40年”为主题的小报的全过程。注意：词数不少于60。提示词：改革开放四十年 40 years of Chinas reform and opening-up改革开放四十周
116、年展览exhibition commemorating the 40th anniversary of Chinas reform and opening-up_【答案】Last week I participated in a school activity about making a poster entitled “40 years of Chinas reform and opening-up in my eyes”.On Friday evening, I was wondering what topic to choose for my poster. Many ideas po
117、pped into my head like “transportation”, “environment”, but I finally decided on “great changes in my home”. Immediately I turned to my parents for help. Hearing that, they took out some photo albums and began their talk. Mom told me about what our home looked like twenty years ago while dad showed
118、me some photos taken at that time. It was the first time I had seen an old-fashioned electric fan and tape recorder. Seeing my curious expression, my parents suggested a visit the next day to the exhibition commemorating the 40th anniversary of Chinas reform and opening-up.At the exhibition, we were
119、 amazed by the brilliant achievements made in the past four decades. In the daily life area, what attracted me most was the evolution of electric appliances, especially TV sets, from the clumsy small ones to the modern high-tech ones. Dad pointed at one TV, saying his family had a similar one when h
120、e was a kid. Considering these TVs could be used on my poster, I took some photos. With all the material collected, I got down to my poster, on which I wrote about the great changes in my home and also included some pictures. My home is just one example. I am sure lots of Chinese families resemble m
121、ine, benefiting from Chinas reform and opening-up. How proud I feel about the great changes!【解析】【分析】本题是看图作文，要求根据四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记录作以 “我眼中的改革开放40年”为主题的小报的全过程。【详解】本文是看图作文。假设你是红星中学高三年级学生李华. 请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英文周记,记录上周你制作以 “我眼中的改革开放40年”为主题的小报的全过程。写作时要根据所给图画，然后确定文章的主题、文体、人称和时态。根据图画内容并以此为基础充分发挥自己的想象力，灵活运用
122、英语知识，采用不同的表达方式将各要点完整地表述出来。写作时注意时态、语态的合理运用，主次分明，详略得当，语言力求准确、简洁。同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【点睛】本文内容齐全，结构严谨，层次分明，布局合理，语言精练，同时运用高级句子。名词性从句的使用：On Friday evening, I was wondering what topic to choose for my poster.和In the daily life area, what attracted me most was the evolution of electric appliances,
123、 especially TV sets, from the clumsy small ones to the modern high-tech ones.；不定式作目的状语的使用：To avoid wasting time on the spot for the tickets, we tried making reservations online. 非谓语动词作状语的使用：Hearing that, they took out some photo albums and began their talk. 和Seeing my curious expression, my parents suggested a visit the next day to the exhibition commemorating the 40th anniversary of Chinas reform and opening-up.