1、Unit 3Under the sea阅读单词1.anecdote n 轶事；奇闻2dimension n. 维(数)；方面；侧面3vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的4seaweed n. 海草；海藻5flashlight n. 闪光信号灯；手电筒6suck vt.& vi. 吮吸7.boundary n界限；分界线8Antarctic adj. 南极的9awesome adj. 使人敬畏的；令人畏惧的10seal n. 海豹；封条11steep adj. 陡峭的12persion n. 养老金；退休金写作单词1.seaside n& adj.海边(的)；海滨(的)2net n. 网；网状物
2、；网络3yell vi. 大叫；呼喊n. 叫声；喊声4flee vi. 逃避；逃跑vt. 逃离5jog vi. 慢跑vt. 轻推；轻撞6pause vi.&n. 暂停；中止7drag vt. 拖；拉；扯8target n. 目标；靶；受批评的对象9neat adj. (口)好的；整齐的；匀称的10opposite prep. 在对面adj. 相对的；相反的11annual adj. 每年的；按年度计算的n. 年刊；年鉴12witness vt. 当场见到；目击；见证n. 目击者；证人；证据13dive_ vi.& n. 跳水(的动作)；潜水(的动作)；俯冲14teamwork n. 协作；配合
3、；合作15meanwhile adv. 其间；同时16pure adj. 纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的17narrow adj. 狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的18shallow adj. 浅的；肤浅的；浅显的语境活用1The Chinese economy grows at an annual(每年的) rate of more than 6 percent.2Scientific studies have shown that making a habit of pausing(暂停) before you do something can actually have a big impact on ho
4、w your life turns out.3In Vienna，people who talk too loudly on their mobile phones or eat smelly foods will face being dragged (拉) off the underground train and handed $50 fines.4Opposite(在对面)to the lecture hall is the art center，where there are many Chinese and foreign famous paintings.5Years of sc
5、hool life has taught me a lot of things，of which teamwork(合作)is the most important for me.6The machines were arranged in neat(整齐的)rows.7The elephant yelled(大叫)to show its anger when another group came near.8She dived(跳水)into the pool gracefully and won another gold medal for China.拓展单词1.accommodatio
6、n n住所；住宿accommodate vt.提供住宿2depth n深(度)；深处deep adj.& adv.深的(地)deeply adv.深深地deepen v使加深；使强烈；变深3urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；迫切的4abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的5relationship n关系；血缘关系；交往relate v使有联系；叙述；涉及related adj.有关系的；有关联的relation n关系；叙述6conservation n保存；保护conserve v保存7reflect vi.
7、思考 vt.映射；反射；思考reflection n反射；反映；映像8aware adj.意识到的；知道的awareness n意识；觉悟；认识9sharp adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的sharpen v削尖；磨快；尖锐；变锋利sharpener n磨削的工具10tasty adj.好吃的；可口的taste n味道v.品尝tasteless adj.无味的11scare vt.恐吓 vi.受惊吓scared adj.恐惧的；害怕的scary adj.恐怖的；可怕的语境活用1We were all scared (scare)to death when we found the ground
8、was shaking.2Keep the children away from the sharp (sharpen) knives.They may cut themselves.3The most urgent (urge)thing in a fire is to make sure everyone is out of the building.4An abandoned (abandon)baby was found in a box on the hospital steps.5The fact that soldiers are on the streets is a refl
9、ection (reflect)of how terrified the government is.6Environmental awareness (aware)has increased dramatically over the past decade.7The price for the holiday includes flights and accommodation (accommodate)8I didnt like the soup，but all in all，it was pretty tasty(taste).第一组短语识记1.ahead of在之前2help(.)o
10、ut 帮助(某人)摆脱困境3upside down 上下翻转4in the meantime 在此期间5be about to 即将；将要语境活用1.The conference will begin in an hour； in the meantime，lets have a chat.2A good dictionary will help out in ones reading.3She studies so hard that she is always well ahead of the rest of the class.4Looking for his lost magazin
11、e，the man turned the whole room upside down.第二组短语识记1.aim at瞄准2get close to 靠近3hold up 举起；阻止4be/become aware of 对知道、明白；意识到5(be)scared to death 吓死了语境活用Once I ，together with my parents，visited Qingdao Ocean World.To my joy，I could 1.get close to the shark in the aquarium.Although I 2.was aware of the s
12、hark in the tank，I 3.was nearly scared to death when the shark swam to me.填写课本佳句1.It was a time when the killer whales，or “killers”as they were then called，helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。2This was the call that annou
13、nced there was about to be a whale hunt.这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。3As we drew closer，I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.随着我们的逼近，我能看见一条鲸鱼正在被其他六条虎鲸袭击。4The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended，there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.水很浅，但到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，
14、一直下降到满是沙子的海底。1witness vt.当地见到；目击vi.为作证(to) n目击者；证人；证据教材原句I thought，at the time，that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.当时我以为这只不过是一个故事罢了，但是后来我亲眼见过很多次。(1)witness sth./that.目击witness to(doing) sth. 证实/证明(做)某事(2)a witness of/to sth. 的目击者/见证人/证明/证据His good health is
15、 a witness to the success of the treatment.The driver witnessed to seeing/having seen (see)the man enter the building.2urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策 n强烈的欲望；冲动教材原句“Man overboard！Turn the boat around！”urged George，shouting loudly.乔治大声喊道“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”(1)urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事(2)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的；急迫的(3)urgen
16、cy n. 紧急；催促(江苏卷)We need broad support as we urge congress to increase (increase)farmland conservation.The people in the earthquakestricken area are in urgent (urge)of food，medicine and shelters.The attack added a new urgency (urgent) to the peace talks.3abandon vt.遗弃；抛弃；放弃；中止；使放纵；使听任 n放任；放纵教材原句From
17、Jamess face，I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.从詹姆斯的脸上我能看出他非常恐慌，害怕被我们遗弃。(1)abandon oneself to.沉湎于；纵情于abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事(2)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的be abandoned to 沉湎于(2018全国卷)Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned (abandon) bricks of different ages.I decided to abandon f
18、ishing (fish) and headed home before I froze to death.He abandoned himself(him) to the Internet games and didnt pass the exam.4scare vt.& vi.恐吓；受惊吓教材原句I told myself they werent dangerous but that didnt stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment.我告诉自己他们不危险，但那时还是吓的要死。(1)scare sb.away/off把某人吓跑sc
19、are sb.out of sb. 吓得某人魂不附体scare sb.into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事(2)scared adj. 惊吓的，恐惧的(be)scared to death 吓死了be scared of (doing) sth./to do sth. 害怕做某事(2018天津卷)So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared (scare)Tony was scared (scare) and began to cry.完成下面的语段The fierce dog sca
20、red the boy away/off.Then，the scared boy held the mothers arm tightly.He told his mother he was scared to death.这只凶猛的狗把那个男孩吓跑了。然后，受到惊吓的男孩紧紧地抱着母亲的手臂。他告诉他妈妈他快被吓死了。5be/become aware of对知道、明白；意识到教材原句The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding mepurples，reds，oranges，yellows，blu
21、es and greens.我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩紫色、红色、橘黄、明黄、蓝色和绿色等。(1)be aware that.意识到/体会到(2)awareness n. 意识；认识；觉悟develop an awareness of 逐渐懂得；培养的意识As a member of the society，Im aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.(2018天津卷)If your awareness(aware) is as sharp as it could be，youll
22、 have no trouble answering these questions.Through the discussion，we are fully aware of the necessity of carrying out a lowcarbon economy in our country.6accommodation n住所；住宿Have you found accommodation (accommodate)?His relative will accommodate him for the night in Beijing.(1)accommodate vt.提供住宿(2
23、)accommodate sb.for the night留某人过夜7reflect vi.思考 vt.映射；反映；思考In class，you will mainly learn Tang poetry，which reflects(reflect) traditional Chinese culture and is deeply loved by Chinese.It seems beautiful that the tall buildings are reflected (reflect) in the lake around which there are many trees.E
24、nglish writing is the comprehensive reflection (reflect) of students English level.(1)reflect.in.在中映出的影像be reflected in 倒映在；反映在reflect on/upon sth. 反省/认真思考某事(2)reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像；沉思on reflection 再三考虑8help(.)out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难；协助；使(某人)脱离困境I have been busy with my study and seldom help my parent
25、s with the housework.We think this is the opportunity for us youth to do a contribution to helping the victims out.When thinking of the wonderful days I spent in New Orleans，I just cant help thinking (think) of you.With the help of the teacher，he has made great progress in his English.(1)help sb.wit
26、h/(to) do sth.帮助某人某事/做某事cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事cant help but do sth. 只得做某事；不得不做某事help yourself (to sth.) 随便自己动手(吃/用等)(2)with the help of sb.with ones help 在某人的帮助下As we drew closer，I could see a whale being_attacked by a pack of about six other killers.随着我们的逼近，我能看见一条鲸鱼正在被其他六条虎鲸袭击。(1)“see a whale
27、being attacked”看到一条鲸鱼正在被袭击，句中“being attacked”作宾语补足语，表示动作正在被进行。(2)being done 除了作宾语补足语表示被动和正在进行外，还有以下句法功能：a作后置定语，表示被动和正在进行；b作宾语，表示被动；c作主语，表示被动。完成句子Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it being performed (perform) live is quite another.在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。Being caught(catch) in a h
28、eavy traffic is quite an unpleasant experience.遭遇严重交通堵塞是一种非常令人不愉快的经历。.课文里的高考根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Although Old Tom and the other killers were fierce hunters，they never harmed or attacked people.In fact，they protected them.There was one day when we were out in the bay during a hunt and Jame
29、s was washed off the boat.“Man overboard！Turn the boat around！”urged George，shouting (shout) loudly.The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle (handle) the boat.The waves(wave) were carrying James further and further away from us.From Jamess face，I could see he was terrified of being
30、abandoned (abandon) by us.Then suddenly I saw a shark.“Look，theres a shark out there，”I screamed (scream)“Dont worry.Old Tom wont let it near，”Red replied.It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James，and when we approached him，I saw James being firmly (firm) held up in the water by Old To
31、m.I couldnt believe my eyes.There were (be) shouts of “Well done，Old Tom” and “Thank God” as we pulled James back into the boat.And then Old Tom was off and back to the hunt where the other killers were still attacking the whale.话题微写作近十年来很多海洋生物已经灭绝了，这引起了全世界的关注。假设你是李明，现请你用英文写一篇文章，提出一些解决问题的建议。内容应包括：1人
32、们应该意识到保护海洋的重要性；2政府应立即采取有效的措施来维持自然的平衡；3只有提高环保意识和作出努力才能解决这个问题。注意：1尽量多地使用本单元知识点；2可适当增加细节；3请根据以上要点写一篇100词左右的短文。范文The past ten years have witnessed that some creatures under the sea have died out，which has been greatly concerned by the whole world.On one hand，people should be aware of the importance of p
33、rotecting the ocean.As a matter of fact，to protect the ocean is to protect human beings.On the other hand ，it is urgent that the government should take immediate measures to keep the balance of nature.Im sure that only by raising the awareness of protecting the environment and making great efforts c
34、an we solve the problem.第33讲简化句子(八)方法八用倒装简化句子1He won the championship five years ago.So he did.Neither do I know, nor do I care.2If I were you，I would take his advice.Were I you，I would take his advice.3If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.Should it rain tomorrow，the sport
35、s meeting would be put off.4If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would have seen him.Had you come a few minutes earlier，you would have seen him.翻译句子1“昨天天气很好。”“确实很好。”答案：It was fine yesterday.So it was.2“汤姆考试及格了吗？”“我不知道，也不关心。”答案：Did Tom pass the exam?Neither do I know，nor do I care.3如果他晚了，他将受到惩罚。
36、答案：Were he late，he would be punished.4如果他认出了我，他早就走过来了。答案：Had he recognized me，he would have come over earlier.5他虽然是个孩子，但关于历史他了解很多。答案：Child as he is，he knows a lot about history. 基础巩固单句语法填空1We were fortunate enough to find the post office as soon as we got off the bus；it was just opposite to the bus
37、stop.2The music plays for 15 minutes at a time，with a few short pauses(pause) in between.3To everyones surprise，the CEO fled (flee) to the US，leaving his company in a mess.4I was too scared (scare) to go into the water even though they tried to persuade me several times.5Where do you plan to work?Iv
38、e made up my mind to go where Im most needed.6Do you need anyone to help out in the shop？Im looking for a parttime job.7The villagers planned to deepen (deep) the well so as to get more water from it.8The truck was found abandoned (abandon) by the side of a rural road late the next day.9Over the pas
39、t 40 years，China has_witnessed (witness) dramatic changes.10When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one that reflected (reflect) my interest.能力提升 .阅读理解Alaskas Arctic lakes now freeze later and melt earlier in the year than in 1950, leaving them easy to s
40、uffer water loss from evaporation(蒸发) and possibly adding to local warming, a new study finds.The winter ice season near Barrow, Alaska, is shorter than in 1950, researchers reported Jan.30 in the journal The Cryosphere.Lake ice is also thinner each winter.The scientists surveyed 402 lakes on the No
41、rth Slope, where permafrost (permanently frozen ground) and shallow lakes dominate the area.In 2011, the lake ice was 38 percent thinner than in 1950, and 22 percent fewer lakes froze through to their bottoms. “When we saw the actual numbers we were shocked at how dramatic the change has been，” lead
42、 study author Cristina Surdu, of the University of Waterloo in Canada, said in a statement.Surdu and her coauthors analyzed the changes in lakeice thickness and ice cover with satellite images and climate model simulations (satellite images are only available from 1991)The climate models suggest the
43、 Arctic lakes froze almost six days later and broke up about 18 days earlier in the winter of 2011 compared with the winter of 1950.“The changes in ice and the shortened winter affect Northern communities that depend on ice roads to transport goods，” Surdu said.For example, every winter, oil compani
44、es build roads over frozen lakes to carry supplies to Prudhoe Bay. “The dramatic changes in lake ice may also contribute to further warming of the entire region, because open water on lakes contributes to warmer air temperatures，” Surdu said.The Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the pla
45、net, for reasons that may include its layered atmosphere, which traps heat, and the loss of sea ice and snow cover, which help reflect the suns energy when present.语篇导读近北冰洋地区的湖泊冰层日渐消融，引起科学家的关注。1What does the text mainly tell us?AArctic lakes now freeze earlier and melt later.BAlaskas local warming i
46、s decreasing sharply.CArctic lakes are losing ice.DArctic lakes hold more flesh water than before.解析：C主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句话，特别注意find, show, suggest等词后的宾语从句。2What can we infer the North Slope is dotted with?Athick forests.Bnumerous lakes.Cgreen grasslands. Dfertilized farmlands.解析：B推理判断题，根据第二段第二句话可知“The sc
47、ientists surveyed 402 lakes on the North Slope, where permafrost (permanently frozen ground) and shallow lakes dominate the area.”3According to the text, the great changes of Alaskas Arctic lakes _.Aare totally beyond Surdus expectationsBare completely within Surdus expectationsCcome as no surprise
48、to Surdu and her coauthorsDcome as a great excitement to Surdu解析：A细节理解题。根据第三段首句中的shocked可判断答案选A。4How many days was the winter ice season of Arctic lakes in 2011 shorter than that in 1950?A6 days. B12 days.C18 days. D24 days.解析：D细节理解题。根据第四段第一句话“The climate models suggest the Arctic lakes froze almost
49、 six days later and broke up about 18 days earlier in the winter of 2011 compared with the winter of 1950.”晚结冰六天，早融化18天，那么北极湖泊的结冰季节2011年比1950年一共就少了24天，故选D。.完形填空One small mistake changed Sonias life.Now she is _1_ and tries not to miss any opportunities that come to her way.One day，Sonia walked _2_a
50、little boy，who wanted to buy crayons(彩色蜡笔)，but he couldnt _3_them.He looked sad when he saw the money in Sonias hand._4_ she didnt realize he was in _5_ of help at all.Sonia ignored him and _6_ on her way home.After reaching home，she told everything to her brother Gur.Gur told Sonia that God had giv
51、en you a(n) _7_to help a boy，but you _8_it.Theres a possibility that God was _9_you；maybe today would have become your big day of your life.Hearing Gurs words，Sonia _10_back to the shop to find the boy but time never _11_ for anyone.Sonia got disappointed and returned home，continuously _12_at hersel
52、f.Why didnt it come into her mind what Gur had _13_？“Chances are everywhere，and all you need to do is _14_them because they dont always show up，”said Gur.Now what Sonia has missed is a chance that she can only _15_.On that day Sonia learnt the biggest _16_ in her life.Actually not only Sonia，but man
53、y of us ignore the chance of helping in _17_ ways because we always run after bigger ones.However，big opportunities do come but not every day.Therefore，_18_ small ones so that you cant miss big ones.Sonia also _19_ to wait for big opportunities，but now she knows that with small opportunities she can
54、 make big _20_in her life.语篇导读本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了主人公Sonia在错失一次帮助他人的机会后，受到哥哥启发，从而意识到要不断练习抓住小的机会帮助别人来改变自己的生活的故事。这也告诉我们，行善无论大小，有机会就要及时抓住。1A.attentiveBoptimisticCenthusiastic Dfortunate解析：A根据空后的“and tries not to miss any opportunities that come to her way”可知，Sonia现在很专注，尽力不去错过任何她遇到的机会。attentive“专心的”；optimistic“
55、乐观的”；enthusiastic“热情的”；fortunate“幸运的”。2A.through BbyCover Dup解析：B根据语境可知，此处表示Sonia从一位小男孩身旁走过。by“经过”。3A.arrange BaffordCoffer Dgain解析：B根据“who wanted to buy crayons(彩色蜡笔)”及下文可知，小男孩想买彩色蜡笔，但是买不起。arrange“安排”；afford“买得起”；offer“主动提供”；gain“获得，得到”。4A.Thus BBesidesCBut DAnd解析：C根据上下文可知，空处表示转折。此处表示小男孩需要帮助，但是Soni
56、a并未意识到，故But 符合语境。5A.favor BhonorCneed Dsearch解析：C参见上题解析。in favor of“支持”；in honor of“为了纪念”；in need of“需要”；in search of “寻找”。6A.remained BhurriedChesitated Dcontinued解析：DSonia没有理睬小男孩，继续走自己的路。continue“继续”符合语境。remain“仍然是”；hurry“赶快”；hesitate“犹豫”。7A.direction BdutyCurge Dopportunity解析：D根据文意可知，此处指上帝给了你一个机会
57、去帮助小男孩，但是你却错过了。direction“方向”；duty“责任”；urge“强烈的欲望”；opportunity“机会”。8A.doubted BmissedCpassed Dmistook解析：B参见上题解析。9A.punishing BsavingCtesting Drefusing解析：C上帝可能在(通过这个机会)测试你。test“测验，考查”符合语境。10A.stepped BmovedCjumped Drushed解析：DSonia听到哥哥的话后有所意识，故应用“跑回去”来突出她此时急于弥补错过的机会的心情。step“踩，迈步”；move“移动”；jump“跳跃”；rush
58、“急速移动”。11A.longs BanswersCallows Dwaits解析：D根据“to find the boy”及“Sonia got disappointed”可知，Sonia没有找到小男孩，因此此处表示时间不等(waits)人。下文中的“wait for big opportunities”也是提示。long“渴望”；answer“回答”；allow“允许”。12A.angry BhardCsurprised Dcrazy解析：A由上文可知，Sonia第一次忽略了小男孩而没有帮他，再次回去也没有找到他，所以生自己的气。be angry at sh.“生某人的气”。13A.con
59、sidered BorderedCrealized Dlearnt解析：C为什么她没有想到Gur 所意识到的事呢？此处指Sonia的自责和后悔。realize“意识到”。14A.strike BgrabCenjoy Dfind解析：B机会随处都有，但你要抓住(grab)机会。strike“打，击，撞”。15A.regret BupsetCexperience Dforget解析：A现在Sonia所错过的是一个她只能后悔的(帮助别人的)机会。故用regret“懊悔”。16A.problem BchanceCwisdom Dlesson解析：D那天她学到她生命中最大的一个教训(lesson)。17
60、A.precious BsmallCeasy Defficient解析：B实际上，不仅Sonia，我们很多人都会忽视从小的方面去帮助别人，因为我们总是追求更大的方面的机会。18A.add BsupplyCobserve Dpractice解析：D练习小的机会，这样你就不会错过大的机会了。practice“练习”符合语境。add“增加”；supply“提供”；observe“观察，庆祝，遵守”。19A.wanted BwishedCused Daccustomed解析：CSonia过去也常常等待大的机会，但是现在她知道了小的机会也能使她的生活有大的变化。此处表示过去和现在的对比，故选C项。20A.sense BchangesCfortune Ddeals解析：B参见上题解析。sense“意义”；change“改变”；fortune“机会，运气”；deal“协议”。
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