1、房山区 2019-2020 学年度第二学期期末检测试卷高一英语本试卷共 10 页，100 分。考试时长 100 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。第一部分：知识运用 (共两节，45 分)第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分, 共 15 分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词， 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。One day, when I was a freshman in high school, I saw a kid from my class walkin
2、g home from school， _1_ (carry) all of his books. A bunch of kids were running toward him, knocking all his books out of his arms and making him land in the dirt. His glasses went flying, and I saw them land in the grass about ten feet from him. He looked up and I saw this terrible _2_ (sad) in his
3、eyes. So, I ran over to him and _3_ (hand) him his glasses. He looked at me and said, “Hey thanks!” There was a big smile on his face, _4_ was one of those smiles that showed real gratitude.【答案】1. carrying 2. sadness 3. handed 4. which【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了我在放学路上看到一个同学被撞倒，我主动上前帮忙，并得到感谢的一次经历。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词
4、。句意：有一天，当我还是一名高中新生时，我看到班上的一个孩子从学校回家，背着他所有的书。通过分析句子成分可知，句中存在谓语动词saw，因此空中使用非谓语动词，且a kid与carry之间为主动关系，因此使用动词的现在分词形式。故填carrying。【2题详解】考查名词。句意：他抬起头，我在他的眼中看到了他非常悲伤。通过分析句子成分可知，空前存在形容词terrible，空中使用sad的名词形式sadness。故填sadness。【3题详解】考查动词时态。句意：所以我跑过去，把他的眼镜递给他。通过分析句子结构可知，连词and前面是一般过去时，因此and后面也使用一般过去时构成并列结构。故填hand
5、ed。4题详解】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：他的脸上挂着灿烂的笑容，这是表达感激之情的笑容之一。通过分析句子结构可知，空后句子是a big smile的定语从句，先行词是a big smile，在从句中作主语，因此使用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句。故填which。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词， 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。My dearest parents,It _5_ (be) quite a long time since the last time we really talked. I know you a
6、re very busy trying _6_ (earn) a living, but all I hope is to have more of your company. There is a lot going on in high school. The academic pressure is huge because my courses are difficult to understand. So, I wish you could encourage me to do better _7_ I fail tests. And I wish to see your brigh
7、test smiles and applause for me if I finally win.Best, Mary【答案】5. has been/is 6. to earn 7. if /when【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章讲述了，作者希望父母多陪伴和鼓励自己。【5题详解】考查时态。固定句型“It +现在完成时（has done）/一般现在时（is）+ since +从句（一般过去时）”，应用has been/is。故填has been/is。【6题详解】考查动词不定式。本句意为“我知道你正忙着努力谋生，但我所希望的是拥有你更多的陪伴。”，固定搭配try to do sth.，意为“努力干
8、某事”，应用动词不定式to earn。故填to earn。【7题详解】考查连词。本句意为“所以，如果我考试不及格/当我考试不及格时，我希望你能鼓励我做得更好”，由语境可知，此处既可表条件，由if引导条件状语从句，又可表时间，由when引导时间状语从句。故填if /when。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。The 24 solar terms originate from the Yellow River basin. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the four
9、solar terms of midspring, midsummer, midautumn and midwinter were identified. The 24 solar terms were _8_ (full) established during the Qin and Han Dynasties, and they _9_ (record) in the book of Huainan Zi. In 104 BC, the Taichu Calendar _10_ Deng Ping and other people, formally recorded the 24 sol
10、ar terms and made clear the astronomical position of the 24 solar terms.【答案】8. fully 9. were recorded 10. by【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了二十四节气的起源和发展。【8题详解】考查副词。句意：二十四节气在秦汉时期完全确立，并被记载在淮南子中。修饰动词established用副词。故填fully。【9题详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意同上，时间状语“during the Qin and Han Dynasties”表明事情发生在过去，主语they与record之间是被动关系，所以用一般过
11、去时的被动语态，且助动词be用复数。故填were recorded。10题详解】考查介词。句意：公元前104年，邓平等人的太初历，正式记载了二十四节气，明确了二十四节气的天文位置。分析句子结构可知，此处需要填介词，根据句意可知，此处表示“由所著”。故填by。第二节 完形填空 （共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。True ManlinessFred Liscom was a twelve-year-old boy. His mother was very _11_ but h
12、is father was away from home. Fred was the person to take care of his mother.One day, Tom Barton, one of Freds classmates, saw him with a _12_ in his hand, cleaning the table. He _13_ this at school, and Fred received the greeting “Girl boy!”“Fire! fire!” The _14_ spread out one night, and the fire
13、bells began to ring. Fred was _15_ by the alarm and he saw the red light streaming into his room. He _16_ himself in a moment, and tapped at the door of his mothers bedroom.“It is Mr. Bartons house, Mum. Do let me _17_.” he said in eager, excited tones. Mrs. Liscom thought for a moment. He was young
14、, but she could _18_ him. “Yes, you may go.” she answered: “But be careful. Dont do _19_ things.” Fred promised to follow her advice, and _20_ to the fire.Mr. and Mrs. Barton were not at home. The house had been left in charge of the servants. The fire _21_ with fearful speed, for there was a high w
15、ind, and it was found impossible to save the house. The servants ran about, screaming but doing nothing to any purpose.Fred found Tom Barton outside. “Where is Katy?” he asked. Tom, trembling with _22_, seemed to have had no thought. He said, “Katy is in the house!” “In what room?” asked Fred. “In t
16、hat one,” said Tom, pointing to a window in the upper story.It was no time for words, but for _23_. The staircase was already on fire; there was but one way to reach Katy which was full of _24_. The second floor might fall at any moment, and Fred knew it. But he _25_ sought help and guidance.A ladde
17、r was quickly brought, and placed against the _26_. Fred climbed it, followed by the hired man, dashed in the window, and pushed his way into the room where he found Katy with some _27_. The poor girl lay nearly suffocated（ 窒 息 ）with _28_. Fred managed to carry her to the window as quickly as possib
18、le, and placed her upon the sill (窗台). She was immediately grasped, and _29_ down the ladder, Fred following as fast as possible. They had scarcely reached the ground before a crash of falling timbers told them that they had barely escaped with their lives.Fred showed us true _30_ is in harmony with
19、 gentleness, kindness, and selflessness.11. A. beautifulB. kindC. strictD. sick12. A. textbookB. dishclothC. toothbrushD. newspaper13. A. reportedB. followedC. controlledD. criticized14. A. whistleB. secretC. cryD. fire15. A. wakenedB. savedC. disturbedD. challenged16. A. dressedB. seatedC. absented
20、D. enjoyed17. A. apologizeB. explainC. knowD. go18. A. persuadeB. trustC. remindD. respect19. A. boringB. childishC. uselessD. silly20. A. hesitatedB. struggledC. hurriedD. prepared21. A. burnedB. spreadC. movedD. disappeared22. A. terrorB. angerC. reliefD. anxiety23. A. confusionB. thanksC. regretD
21、. action24. A. turnsB. dangerC. plantsD. furniture25. A. suddenlyB. excitedlyC. slowlyD. calmly26. A. staircaseB. windowC. wallD. door27. A. difficultyB. uncertaintyC. curiosityD. patience28. A. waterB. illnessC. smokeD. poison29. A. rolledB. carriedC. pushedD. sent30. A. friendlinessB. noblenessC.
22、manlinessD. effectiveness【答案】11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. A 17. D 18. B 19. D 20. C 21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了12岁的小男孩Fred尽管受到同学Tom的侮辱，却仍然在某一天夜里，Tom家着火时，义无反顾地奔赴火场，救出了Tom的家人。文章向读者展现了一个善良、勇敢、聪明的小男子汉形象。【11题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他母亲病得很重，但他父亲离家在外。A. beautif
23、ul美丽的；B. kind善良的；C. strict严厉的；D. sick生病的。从下文Fred要照顾母亲来看，她应该是生病了。故选D项。【12题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到他手里拿着一块抹布，正在擦桌子。A. textbook教科书；B. dishcloth抹布，茶巾；C. toothbrush牙刷；D. newspaper报纸。这里的动作是擦桌子，按照常理推断要用抹布。故选B项。【13题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在学校里宣告了这件事。A. reported报告，报道；B. followed跟随；C. controlled控制；D. criticized批评。这里指的是Tom目睹
24、了Fred用抹布擦桌子（比较精致、比较秀气的行为），然后在学校里大肆宣扬，导致Fred被大家叫作“Girl boy”。故选A项。14题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，叫喊声传了出来，火警铃也响了起来。A. whistle口哨；B. secret秘密；C. cry叫喊，叫声；D. fire火。前句中的“Fire！Fire！”显然是人们发现着火后的呼救声。故选C项。【15题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Fred被警铃吵醒，看到红色的光芒照进了他的房间。A. wakened苏醒，叫醒；B. saved保存，节约；C. disturbed打扰；D. challenged挑战。事情发生在晚上，这
25、里的被动语态应该指Fred被报警声吵醒。故选A项。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他立刻穿好衣服，然后去拍母亲卧室的门。A. dressed给穿衣；B. seated使坐下；C. absented使缺席；D. enjoyed享受。同样结合晚上睡觉的情境，Fred应该是先穿好了衣服。故选A项。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：请让我去吧。A. apologize道歉；B. explain解释；C. know知道，了解；D. go去往。从下文Fred母亲给出的允许“Yes，you may go”可知，Fred在征求母亲的许可去救火。故选D项。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他还很小
26、，但她信任他。A. persuade劝服；B. trust相信，信任；C. remind使想起；D. respect尊重。联系上下文，既然允许12岁的Fred去救火，母亲应该是相信他、放心他的。故选B项。【19题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是要小心。别做傻事。A. boring无聊的；B. childish幼稚的；C. useless无用的；D. silly愚蠢的。站在母亲的角度，当然希望孩子救火时量力而行，不要一时冲动做傻事。故选D项。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Fred承诺他会听话，然后赶忙去了火场。A. hesitated犹豫；B. struggled挣扎；C. hurr
27、ied匆忙进行；D. prepared准备。下文转而描述着火的情况，这里应该指Fred告别母亲后，立刻赶赴火场了。故选C项。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：火势以可怕的速度蔓延。A. burned燃烧；B. spread传播；C. moved移动；D. disappeared消失。结合空白后面的with fearful speed可知，这里要表达火势蔓延得很快。故选B项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Tom，恐慌得浑身颤抖，似乎已经大脑一片空白了。A. terror恐慌；B. anger愤怒；C. relief减轻，解除；D. anxiety焦虑。着火的正是Tom的家，发抖的原因
28、应该是感到害怕和恐慌。故选A项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：没时间多说什么了，该行动了。A. confusion困惑；B. thanks感谢；C. regret后悔；D. action动作，行动。这里空白处与前句words形成对照，指的是情势紧急，必须赶紧行动救人。故选D项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：只有一条路能到Katy那里，但却充满了危险。A. turns转弯，圈数；B. danger危险；C. plants植物；D. furniture家具。从后句描述的第二层楼随时可能垮塌来看，要去救人的路是十分危险的。故选B项。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但他冷静地寻求
29、帮助和指导。A. suddenly突然；B. excitedly兴奋地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. calmly冷静地。从下文的施救过程来看，Fred并没有一时冲动地直接去救人，而是经过了冷静的思考。故选D项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一架梯子很快被拿了过来，并靠在墙上。A. staircase楼梯；B. window窗户；C. wall墙；D. door门。后文中Katy是在窗台上从梯子下去的，这里就指梯子是靠在墙上直达二楼的。故选C项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：开辟了一条通往房间的路，在那里他找到了身陷困境之中的Katy。A. difficulty困难；B. u
30、ncertainty不确定；C. curiosity好奇；D. patience耐心。从下句描述来看，Katy的处境是比较危险的，也就是遇到了困难、麻烦。故选A项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个可怜的女孩几乎被烟熏得要窒息了。A. water水；B. illness疾病；C. smoke烟；D. poison毒药。联系火灾现场的情况，应该是被浓烟呛到窒息。故选C项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她马上就被抓住了，并顺着梯子运送了下去。A. rolled滚动；B. carried拿，携带；C. pushed推动；D. sent送，寄。这里的两个动作都是在救生人员的帮助下完成的
31、，carry down意为“搬下，拖下”，符合语境。故选B项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Fred向我们展示了什么叫真正的男子汉，以及他的善良、温和和无私。A. friendliness友谊，亲密；B. nobleness高贵，高尚；C. manliness男子气概，刚毅；D. effectiveness效力。从这个故事中，能看到的就是Fred的勇敢、有担当，即他的男子气概。故选C项。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A4 Eco-F
32、riendly Bikes to Ride This SummerNowadays, many drivers are searching for more environment-friendly ways to get around and are starting to look back to bikes. Bikes dont require gas. In terms of convenience, bikes can be easier to park and can help riders get their daily exercise in.Companies everyw
33、here are beginning to take the traditional bike and adapt it to peoples needs. Below are eco-friendly bikes to consider adding to your morning ride.1. BamboobikesCcycles produces Bamboo Bikes. The company sources bamboo and carbon fiber joints for their bike frames. Bamboo is ideal for bikes because
34、 it can absorb significantly more shock than carbon fiber. It is also very lightweight compared to traditional bike materials, like steel. But bamboo is incredibly strong and can take on twice the compression force as steel.2. CowboyCow offers Cowboy, a bike hides the battery in its frame under the
35、saddle. The removable battery takes about two and half hours to charge and has a range of roughly 31 miles, but the best part is the app features. The Cowboy app gives travelers a real time dashboard (仪器板) to check out their speed and distance. Riders never need to worry about getting lost since it
36、has navigation and can pull up your route history from your ride states. This smart tech also gives riders updates about the bikes status. The Cowboy has a high tech locking system so the owner is the only one who can start up the bike.3. The Faraday BicycleFaraday ebikes have a 250W motor, and the
37、battery can be fully charged in less than 4 hours. Faraday recently partnered with the organization One Tree Planted to help reforest California after the state underwent serious damage from wildfires that destroyed thousands of acres of land in the area. The company stepped up and donated $100 from
38、 every bike sold to plant 100 trees.4. The Donky BikeWilson, who works for Donky, created The Donky Bike, a practical cargo bike. This bike was designed to easily carry a cargo load on the frame. Like any great workhorse, this bike was built with simple low-maintenance components and has a strong, d
39、urable frame.31. Which bike can show you where you are?A. Cowboy.B. Bamboobikes.C. The Donky Bike.D. The Faraday Bicycle.32. If you want to help reforest California, you can buy a bike from _.A. FaradayB. CcyclesC. DonkyD. Cow33. The bike that Wilson created _.A. has a 250W motorB. carries a cargo o
40、n the frameC. is lightweight but strongD. has a battery under the saddle【答案】31. A 32. A 33. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四种环保自行车。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据Cowboy部分的“Riders never need to worry about getting lost since it has navigation and can pull up your route history from your ride states.”可知Cowboy的骑行者不必担心迷路，因为它的应用程序有导航
41、功能，并且可以从你的乘车状态中提取路线历史记录。有导航意味着你可以知道自己所处的位置，故选A项。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据Faraday部分的“Faraday recently partnered with the organization One Tree Planted to help reforest California after the state underwent serious damage from wildfires that destroyed thousands of acres of land in the area. The company stepped u
42、p and donated $100 from every bike sold to plant 100 trees”可知法拉第最近与“种一棵树”组织合作，帮助加州重新造林，此前加州遭受了野火的严重破坏，野火烧毁了该地区数千英亩的土地。该公司随后从售出的每辆自行车中捐出100美元用于种植100棵树。所以如果你想帮助重建加州的森林，选Faraday牌自行车即可。故选A项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据The Donky bike部分的“Wilson, who works for Donky, created The Donky Bike, a practical cargo bike. This
43、 bike was designed to easily carry a cargo load on the frame.”可知Wilson设计的自行车是一种实用的货运自行车，这种自行车被设计成可以很容易地在其车架上装载货物。故选B项。BJourney to the WestIf you have a dream, go for it.My dad talked of the jewel in Chinas western part, Tibet Autonomous Region. Tibet was a region I wanted to see and discover but its
44、 remoteness and my inability to find the right time to go delayed my journey. After a few talks with my dad, we decided to take a pause in our lives for a few weeks in July 2019 to start an amazing adventure.We started our journey on a Saturday morning at the Guangzhou train station in south China.
45、We started the first leg of the journey admiring the mysterious mountains of south China. The next day it changed quite suddenly to the dry, waterless landscape of central-west China as we passed through Shanxi and Gansu provinces. That evening we arrived at Xining, Qinghai Province, where we got on
46、to the Xining-Lhasa train.We were greeted on the train with Tibetan yogurt. The train signs were also written in Tibetan, the beautiful handwriting matched its environment and people. The following afternoon we arrived in Lhasa. Lhasa, one of the highest-altitude cities in the world, is a gem hidden
47、 on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We started our tour of the jewel by exploring the palace and watching local people do morning prays and dances in the park. Overlooking the Jokhang Temple, we enjoyed an amazingly beautiful breathtaking view, just like we had been in the fairyland. Its a stunning (令人震惊
48、的) golden temple in the middle of old Lhasa, which we visited next before wandering in the old quarters and Barkhor Street in the evening. Barkhor Street is the ideal place to try local food and buy local products.The following day, we started our journey to the Qomolangma base camp by road from Lha
49、sa. Along the way we stopped to admire the beautiful Yamdrok Lake, a huge freshwater lake that is one of the three largest sacred lakes (圣湖) in Tibet. Yaks (牦牛) in blankets and bells at the lake made for a picturesque impression of perfect countryside Tibet.About a week later, the highlight came in
50、the afternoon when we arrived at the Qomolangma base camp. We were staying in a guesthouse just next to the base camp. After dropping off our backpacks, we headed straight outside to see the magnificent Mt Qomolangma. There it was, the top of the mountain peeking through the clouds, astonishing us w
51、ith its unbelievable height. We enjoyed the mountain waves and saw the beautiful clouds separated until the sunset over the peak, feeling I would have regretted for the rest of my life if I hadnt made the journey.34. The author wanted to go to Tibet Autonomous Region because _.A. his father wanted h
52、im to travel thereB. his father thought it was worth visitingC. he was interested in the mysterious placeD. he wanted to go to the farthest place of China35. The author thought the most exciting part of the journey was visiting _.A. Jokhang TempleB. Barkhor StreetC. Yamdrok LakeD. Mt Qomolangma36. T
53、he underlined word “gem” in the fourth paragraph means _.A. smart geniusB. precious stoneC. unique templeD. beautiful grassland37. The author wrote this passage to tell us _.A. beautiful views are worth the risk you takeB. if you have a dream, you should try to make it happenC. you can finally achie
54、ve your dream if you put your heart on itD. traveling ten thousand miles is better than reading ten thousand books【答案】34. C 35. D 36. B 37. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者和父亲一起去西藏旅行的事情。【34题详解】推理判断题。由第二段的第一句“My dad talked of the jewel in Chinas western part, Tibet Autonomous Region.”和第二句“Tibet was a region I w
55、anted to see and discover but its remoteness and my inability to find the right time to go delayed my journey.”可知，我的父亲谈起了在中国西部的珍宝，西部西藏自治区。西藏是我想要去看和发现的地方，但是它的偏僻和我不能找到合适的时间从而耽搁了我的行程。由此可见，作者想要去西藏自治区，是因为作者对父亲谈论的这个神秘地方产生了兴趣。结合选项可知，选项C正确。【35题详解】细节理解题。由最后一段的第一句“About a week later, the highlight came in the
56、 afternoon when we arrived at the Qomolangma base camp.We were staying in a guesthouse just next to the base camp. After dropping off our backpacks, we headed straight outside to see the magnificent Mt Qomolangma. ”可知，大约一周后，我们到达珠穆朗玛大本营时，最精彩的时刻出现在下午。我们住在大本营旁边的宾馆里。放下背包后，我们径直走到外面去看壮观的珠穆朗玛峰。由此可见，作者认为此次旅
57、行最令人兴奋的部分是参观珠穆朗玛峰。结合选项可知，选项D正确。【36题详解】词义猜测题。由第四段的第五句“We started our tour of the jewel by exploring the palace and watching local people do morning prays and dances in the park.”可知，我们开始了对这个珍宝的旅行，我们探索宫殿，观看当地人民做早上祈祷和观看他们在公园跳舞。由此可知，“the jewel”是对前一句“Lhasa, one of the highest-altitude cities in the world,
58、 is a gem hidden on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.”中的“Lhasa”的指代，表达的是Lhasa是一个珍宝，下划线词“gem”表达的是“珍宝”的意思。结合选项可知，选项B正确。【37题详解】推理判断题。由第一段“If you have a dream, go for it.”可知，如果你有梦想，那么努力去实现吧。由此可见，作者写这篇文章是为了告诉我们如果你有梦想，你应该努力去实现它。结合选项可知，选项B正确。CClimate Change Requires the Worlds AttentionIn 2013, a lot of people wer
59、e shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norways Arctic island of Svalbard. According to the scientists who found its dead body all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”. An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its de
60、ad body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on
61、 Earths ecology.Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”, which has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” green
62、house effect, which helps keep the earth warm enough for people, plants and animals to live on, refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earths surface as short-wave radiation. The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmos
63、phere, such as methane (沼气) and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earths climate warm and habitable. Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. However, the man-made greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by bu
64、rning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earths surface temperature to rise quickly.There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage,
65、but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heat waves causing deaths and econom
66、ic losses.Continued greenhouse gas emissions (排放) will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas
67、 emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because it is all of us that share
68、 this planet. So what will you do to help?38. The dead polar bear was mentioned in the first paragraph to _?A. show polar bears are endangeredB. raise the problem of global warmingC. raise the awareness of protecting animalsD. warn people of the damage caused by travelling39. What is causing the ris
69、e of Earths surface temperature?A. Methane.B. Carbon dioxide.C. Heat from the sun.D. Man-made heat energy.40. The rise of Earths surface temperature may result in _.A. higher cost of livingB. better growth of plantsC. more extreme weather eventsD. speeding of animal reproduction41. The last paragrap
70、h mainly tells us that _.A. policies are important to stop carbon dioxide emissionsB. the long-lasting effects of climate change is very seriousC. everyone should take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissionsD. it is the governments duty to control the process of global warming【答案】38. B 39. D 40. C
71、 41. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了当今气候变化的原因，气候变暖主要由“自然”温室效应和“人造”温室效应，并且趋势持续下去会造成的影响，所以，气候变化需要全世界的关注，我们每个人都有责任。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句 “This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earths ecology.”表明，这个令人震惊案例显示了气温升高对地球生态的影响。由此可知，死去的北极熊被举例是为了证明气温升高对地球生态的影响。所以在第一段中提到死去的北极熊是为了提出全球变暖的问题
72、，故选B。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段 “When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earths surface temperature to rise quickly.”可以看出，当人们燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气层中，导致地球表面温度迅速上升。由此可知，是人为产生的热能导致了地球表面温度的上升。故选D。【40题详解】
73、细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 “There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives.” 意为：有充分和全面的证据表明气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害增加，不仅造成严重破坏，而且造成人命损失。由此可以推出，地球表面温度上升会在世
74、界范围内导致更多的极端天气事件。故选C。【41题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段 “We as individuals can also reduce our carbon footprint by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because
75、 it is all of us that share this planet.”我们个人也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响，因为我们共享这个星球。由此可以推断出，最后一段告诉我们，我们每个人都应该采取行动以减少温室气体的排，这是我们共同的责任。故选C。DA number of studies show that sports and other physical activities can contribute to the development of self-esteem (a feeli
76、ng of pride in oneself). For example, Canadian scientists found that sixth-grade students who were more physically active had considerably higher levels of self-esteem. A study in Switzerland found that teenagers who took part in sports clubs were healthier, including being better socially adjusted,
77、 feeling less anxious, and generally being happier about their lives. Similar findings were reported in a study of Latino students, where participation in school sport was found to be greatly associated with self-esteem.There seems little doubt that part of the potency (潜能) of sports lies in their s
78、ocial setting. There are a lot of facts showing the importance of social connectedness (关联性) for healthy child and teenager development, and sports offer a popular and engaging setting for social interactions. Involvement in team sports has been positively associated with social acceptance and a sen
79、se of belonging, especially where such involvement is characterized by positive coaching, progressive skill development, and peer support.But, the social setting of sports can exclude as well as include. There is now evidence that boys and girls experiences of sports can be very different, and this
80、can affect the contribution they can make to the self-esteem of players. Peer acceptance seems to be an important factor in determining the relationship between sport participation and self-esteem, and girls can be particularly sensitive to negative judgments. And studies have found that many girly
81、boys and girls benefit most from non-competitive physical activities.So, a note of caution ought to be sounded in case sports are considered to be a cure. Much of the literature on the most positive psychological (心理的) outcomes associated with childhood and youth sports stress the absolute importanc
82、e of positive experiences. It will surprise no one that bullying, excluding or abuse experiences will harm, rather than support the development of self-esteem, and well-being in general. Sadly, it will also not be a shock to learn that many childrens introductions to sports are far from improving th
83、e quality of life.The great developmental psychologist Jean Piaget argued that the foundations of self-esteem were laid between the ages of about 6 and 11 years of age. Importantly, this is also the time when children are most likely to be introduced to sports. We should know the importance of posit
84、ive early sporting experiences for the development of both self-esteem and on-going participation in sports and other physical activities. Teachers, coaches, and parents have a responsibility to ensure that these experiences catch as many children as possible, and for this to happen they need to rem
85、ember the principles of child development: Children are not mini-adults.Problems arise when adults forget these principles, and kid themselves into thinking that they are coaching future Olympians or Super stars. Unluckily, evidence suggests that talented children are most likely to stand out when t
86、hey are given time to develop, to play, and to remain children.Children are not miniature adults, and their enjoyment of sports (and their self-esteem) can suffer when adults forget this!42. Studies in Switzerland and Latino showed teenagers who often join in sports _.A. build self-esteem earlierB.
87、have more good experiencesC. are more sensitive to judgmentsD. are healthier both physically and mentally43. In general, the authors attitude toward the influence of sports on teenagers is _.A. positiveB. criticalC. uncertainD. tolerant44. According to the author, when children take part in sports,
88、they _.A. will be happier about their livesB. are more likely to be attracted by competitive sportsC. should be treated by coaches and parents as super starsD. will build self-esteem if given positive comment and support45. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Children S
89、hould Take Part in SportsB. Sports Offer You a Better Teenage LifeC. Sports Experience and Building Self-EsteemD. People Should Treat Teenagers Like Miniature Adults【答案】42. D 43. A 44. D 45. C【解析】这是一篇说明了。主要说明了体育运动与促进自尊的发展之间的关系，并提醒大家发展体育方向要注意形式和方法，切勿把孩子当成小版的成年人那样急功近利地进行培养。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“A study
90、in Switzerland found that teenagers who took part in sports clubs were healthier, including being better socially adjusted, feeling less anxious, and generally being happier about their lives. Similar findings were reported in a study of Latino students, where participation in school sport was found
91、 to be greatly associated with self-esteem.” 瑞士一项研究发现，参加体育俱乐部的青少年更加健康，包括在社交上有更好的适应能力，不那么焦虑，并且总体上对自己的生活更快乐。在对拉丁裔学生的一项研究中也报告了类似的发现，在该研究中，参加学校运动与自尊有很大关系。可知瑞士和拉丁美洲人的研究表明，经常参加运动的青少年在身心上都更健康。故选D项。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“A number of studies show that sports and other physical activities can contribute to the d
92、evelopment of self-esteem (a feeling of pride in oneself).”许多研究表明，体育运动和其他体育活动可以促进自尊的发展。由此判断出作者对与体育运动对青少年的影响的态度是积极的。故选A项。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中Involvement in team sports has been positively associated with social acceptance and a sense of belonging, especially where such involvement is characterized by
93、positive coaching, progressive skill development, and peer support.可知，团队运动的参与与社会接受度和归属感呈正相关，特别是当这种参与以积极的指导、进步的技能发展和同伴支持为特征时。由此判断出，根据作者的观点，当孩子参加体育活动时，如果给予积极的评价和支持，他们会建立自尊。故选D项。【45题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A number of studies show that sports and other physical activities can contribute to the development of s
94、elf-esteem (a feeling of pride in oneself).”许多研究表明，体育运动和其他体育活动可以促进自尊的发展。并结合全文理解可知，文章论述了体育运动与促进自尊的发展之间的关系，并提醒大家发展体育方向要注意形式和方法，切勿把孩子当成小版的成年人那样急功近利地进行培养。C项Sports Experience and Building Self-Esteem“体育运动经历与自尊心建立”切合文意。故选C项。第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Travel Is Goo
95、d For Your HealthAmericans are losing their vacation days, leading to more stress, anxiety and other negative effects because of not taking time off from work. In fact, a report by Project: Time Off, shows U.S. employees took about 16 vacation days in 2013, down from about 20 in 2000. Apart from tak
96、ing away yourself the chance to improve your productivity and work performance, not taking a break can lead to overloaded stress and other potentially damaging. _46_After all, vacations offer the chance to relax and restore your health. _47_ You should travel to new places because traveling somewher
97、e new can enable you to put yourself in new surroundings and recharge your brain power._48_ According to Dr. Margaret J. King, the director of the Center for Cultural Studies & Analysis, “There are lots of psychological benefits when you travel from home and work to third places, not just experienci
98、ng the environment. With a short list of activities each day, freed up from the projects and relationships, the mind can reset, as does the body, with stress relief the main outcome.” she says.Little sleep mixed with high stress can lead to anger and negative consequences on your cognitive performan
99、ce and efficiency. Max Hirshkowitz, chairman of the board of the National Sleep Foundation says a vacation is a great opportunity to catch up on sleep. _49_ “Keep that time,” he says. “Make it an important thing you need.”Many studies suggest that travel can improve our emotional state. A 2014 surve
100、y conducted by Diamond Resorts International found over three-quarters of people said feeling happier when they planned a trip at least once a year. Dr. Leigh Vinocur, a certified physician and spokesperson for the American College of Emergency Physicians, isnt surprised by the findings. “Its hard t
101、o sit on a beautiful beach somewhere and think about paperwork or deadlines. That is why over three-quarters of people to the Diamond Resorts International survey reported feeling happier when they regularly had a vacation. Regular vacations while taking time for yourself and your family lowers your
102、 stress level. _50_” she says. Besides, studies show that looking back on the pleasant vacation may keep happiness long after your trip.A. They have bad effects on your health, experts say.B. Traveling has many advantages, with stress relief topping the list.C. Travelers may be more active than sitt
103、ing in an office chair all day.D. Travel can help us reset our emotions and actually increase compassion.E. But simply taking some time from your demanding workday schedule isnt enough.F. To feel more energized, the NSF recommends at least seven hours of sleep per night for adults.G. It also decreas
104、es the production of all the stress hormones that contribute to damaging our health.【答案】46. A 47. E 48. B 49. F 50. G【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了美国人正在失去他们的假期，压力越来越大，但旅行可以减压，并对身体健康有益。【46题详解】由上一句“除了剥夺你提高生产力和工作表现的机会，不休息会导致超负荷的压力和其他潜在的损害。”可知，该空承接上文，A选项“专家说，它们对你的健康有不良影响。”切题；该选项中的bad effects on your health对应上文中的over
105、loaded stress and other potentially damaging。故选A项。【47题详解】由下一句“你应该去新的地方旅行，因为去一个新的地方旅行可以让你置身于新的环境中，并为你的脑力充电。”可知，旅行应该去新的地方走走，仅仅是从繁忙的工作日程中抽出时间去休息是不够的，该空承接下文，E选项“但是，仅仅从你繁重的工作日程中抽出一些时间是不够的。”切题。故选E项。【48题详解】由下一句“文化研究与分析中心主任Margaret J.King博士说，“当你从家里到第三地工作时，不仅仅是体验环境，还有很多心理上的好处。”可知，该空承接下文，B选项“旅行有很多好处，减压是最重要的。”
106、切题；该选项中的many advantages, with stress relief topping the list对应下文中的psychological benefits。故选B项。【49题详解】由上两句“睡眠不足加上高压力会导致愤怒，对你的认知能力和效率产生负面影响。国家睡眠基金会董事会主席马克斯赫什科维茨说，假期是补觉的好机会。”可知，该空承接上文，F选项“为了让自己更有活力，国家科学基金会建议成年人每晚至少睡7小时。”切题；该选项中的sleep对应上文的sleep，同词复现。故选F项。【50题详解】由上一句“定期休假，同时为自己和家人腾出时间，可以降低你的压力水平。”可知，该空承接
107、上文，G选项“它还可以减少所有压力荷尔蒙的产生，这些激素会损害我们的健康。”切题；前后两句都是讲定期休假的好处，该选项中的decreases the production of all the stress hormones对应上文的lowers your stress level。故选G项。第三部分：书面表达（15 分）51.假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国笔友 Peter 对科学研究感兴趣，他来信请你介绍一位中国的科学家及其研究成果。请你给他回信，内容包括：1. 科学家的姓名;2. 科学家的研究成果；3. 该研究成果的意义。注意：1. 词数不少于 50；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入
108、总词数。Dear Peter,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Peter,I know from your letter that you are interested in scientific research. Do you know Tu Youyou?Tu Youyou and her team discovered the antimalarial substance qinghaosu, one of the worlds most-effective malaria-fighting drugs from sweet wormwood. And she volunt
109、eered to be the first human subject. It was safe, so she did successful experiments with human patients. She won the 2015 Nobel Prize for discovering the medicine that has significantly reduced the death rates for patients suffering from malaria.If you want to know more scientists and their research
110、, do let me know.Yours,Li hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇一封信，给英国网友Peter介绍一位中国的科学家及其研究成果.【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般过去时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1. 科学家的姓名;2. 科学家的研究成果；3. 该研究成果的意义。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）Be interested in; scientific research; Tu Youyou; antimalarial substance ; malari
111、a-fighting; sweet wormwood; volunteer to do; human subject; successful; Nobel Prize; significantly; death rate.第三步：连词成句1.I know from your letter that you are interested in scientific research. 2. Do you know Tu Youyou?3. Tu Youyou and her team discovered the antimalarial substance qinghaosu, one of
112、the worlds most-effective malaria-fighting drugs from sweet wormwood. 4. She volunteered to be the first human subject. 5. It was safe, so she did successful experiments with human patients. 6. She won the 2015 Nobel Prize for discovering the medicine that has significantly reduced the death rates f
113、or patients suffering from malaria.7. If you want to know more scientists and their research, do let me know.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second And then, Finally, In the end, At last2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore,
114、 In addition As well as, not onlybut (also), including,3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand,On the other hand Some,while others,as for, sothat 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，第五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。文中长短句结合，有高级句型，如：She won the 2015 Nobel Prize for discovering the medicine that has significantly reduced the death rates for patients suffering from malaria.使用了that引导的定语从句。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
