1、Section Language Points () (Lesson 2 & Lesson 3).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1What surprised us most was that he didnt show any respect(尊重) to his parents.2At the meeting they discussed three different approaches(方法) to the study of mathematics.3The report blames(归咎于)poor safety standards for the accident.
2、4Several important legal questions arose(出现)in the contract negotiations.5She was always defending(辩解)her husband in front of their daughter.6We only employ female workers.7He failed in his attempt to take control of the company.8She closed her eyes and pretended to be asleep.9Columbus made an impor
3、tant contribution to the discovery of the new continent.10Every year，new graduates are seeking for jobs suitable for themselves.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1willing adj.愿意的，乐意的unwilling adj.不愿意的2employ vt.雇用employee n雇员，受雇者employer n雇主employment n工作，职业，受雇3defend vt.为辩解；保卫defence n保卫，防御defender n防御者4respect
4、vt.尊敬，尊重respecting prep.关于respectful adj.有礼貌的，恭敬的respectable adj.体面的5suit v合适，适合suitable adj.合适的unadj.adj.(反)v.er./een.(人)unusual 不寻常的unfortunate 不幸的uncomfortable 不舒服的.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1in favour of支持，赞同2in public公共地3a series of一系列的4concentrate on专注于5consist of由组成6stand out突出，显眼7make contributions to贡献
5、8participate in参加，参与9as well as也10in competition with与竞争.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1He was in competition with 10 others for the job.2He is too embarrassed to give his views in public3Each party shall consist of not less than ten.4The band arranged for a series of concerts.5I must concentrate on my work now.
6、inn.of介词短语consistprep.动词短语in search of 寻找in memory of 为了纪念in honour of 为向表示敬意consist of 由组成consist in 在于；存在于consist with 与一致背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.It is likely to be just the name of a company，part of which may be a general location.它很可能仅是公司的名称，其中可能含有公司的大概位置。be likely to do sth.意为“可能做某事”。He is likely to b
7、e one of my old friends；I cant remember clearly.他很可能是我的一位老朋友，我记不清了。2.The top advertisers of today believe that using humour as well as new and unusual ideas to surprise people is important in modern advertisements.当今的顶级广告商认为，在现代广告中运用既出其不意、新颖独特又幽默的创意很重要。as well as用作介词，意思是“除之外还有”，后面通常接名词或动名词。He as wel
8、l as his classmates is fond of pop music.他和他的同学都喜欢流行音乐。3.However，not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.然而，并非所有的广告都是为了赢利而推销商品和服务。not all.意为“并非所有的都”，表示部分否定。Not everyone likes that actors works according to a survey.根据一项调查发现，并非所有的人都喜欢那个演员的作品。 blame vt.责怪，归咎于n过失；责备(教材P2
9、4).is often blamed for encouraging the paparazzi.经常因鼓励猎奇名流的摄影记者受到责备。(1)blame sb.for sth.因某事责怪某人；责怪某人某事blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎到某人身上be to blame for sth.对某事应负责任；应受谴责(2)accept/bear/take the blame for sth.对某事负责任put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人They blamed the failure on Tom.他们把失败归咎于汤姆。Lots of people
10、 find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock.许多人早上起不来床，转而责怪闹钟。She blamed him for the failure of their marriage.她把婚姻的失败归咎于他。He was to blame for the accident and was really blamed for it.(blame)他应该为这次事故受责备，也确实受到了责备。名师点津to blame在作表语、定语的时候，用主动形式表示被动含义。 pretend vt.假装(教材P24)
11、Pretending to be a repair man to get into the house of a film star and take pictures of her daily life.假装成为一名修理工，进入一个电影明星的房子，拍摄她日常生活的照片。pretendHe didnt want to analyse the data, so he pretended to be ill.他不想分析那些数据，所以他假装生病了。He pretended to be doing(do) his lessons when his mother came in.母亲进来的时候，他假装正
12、在做功课。She pretended that she didnt know me when we met in the street.She pretended not to know(not know) me when we met in the street.我在街上见到她时，她装作不认识我。名师点津pretend to do的否定形式为：pretend not to do假装没做某事。 respect vt.尊敬，尊重 n尊敬，敬意；细节，方面(教材P25)The media should respect famous peoples privacy.媒体应该尊重名人的隐私。(1)re
13、spect sb.for sth.因某事而尊敬某人respect sb.as尊敬某人为(2)show/have respect for sb.尊重某人with respect尊敬地in this/that respect在这/那一方面out of respect出于尊敬We should show respect for our parents.我们应该尊敬父母。She has always been honest with me，and I respect her for this.她对我一直很真诚，我非常敬重她这一点。It is worth remembering that childre
14、n tend to copy their parents in this respect.值得记住的是孩子们在这一方面往往会效仿父母。 suitable adj.合适的，适当的(教材P26)However，this kind of advertising might not be suitable when there are products and services in direct competition with each other in the market place.然而，当产品和服务在市场上互相进行直接竞争时，这种广告可能就不适合了。(1)be suitable for s
15、b./sth.适合于某人/某物be suitable to do sth.适合做某事(2)suit vt.(使)适合suit.to.使适合于I think this place is suitable for you to sell souvenirs to tourists.我认为这个地方适合你卖纪念品给游客。This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the longstay students.这种住宿方式提供独立的生活方式，它更适合于长期居住的学生。A good t
16、eacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.一位优秀的老师应使他讲的课适合学生的年龄。 consist of 由组成(教材P26)Some advertisements consist of pictures or the words of experts to show people how good the products are.有些广告中含有图片或专家说的话，告诉人们该产品如何好。(1)consist in(本质)在于；存在于consist with与一致(2)consistent adj.前后一致的；相符的be consist
17、ent in在方面一致be consistent with与一致，符合Happiness consists in health.幸福在于健康。你现在说的话与上星期你说的不相符。What youre saying now is not consistent with what you said last week.名师点津consist of不用被动语态，不用进行时态，常用现在分词形式作定语。 approach n方法，方式 vi.靠近，走近；处理；找商量(教材P26)For many of todays advertisers, repeating old ideas is not a suc
18、cessful approach.对当今很多广告设计者来说，重复旧的理念已不是有效的办法。at ones approach某人一接近make approaches to sb.设法接近某人an approach to.解决的方法，通往的道路(to是介词)with the approach of随着的来临(临近)At her approach the children ran off.她走近的时候，孩子们跑了。I like her approach to the problem.我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。Im not good at making approaches(approach)to
19、strangers.我不善于接近陌生人。名师点津(1)用这种方法(2)“做某事的方法” contribution n贡献，捐助(教材P26)Some contemporary advertisements mainly aim to make contributions to society.目前有些广告致力于为社会做贡献。(1)make contributions/a contribution to为做贡献；捐助(2)contribute v.捐献，捐款，贡献；有助于；促成；投稿contribute to有助于；促成；投稿contribute.to.向捐款/提供A proper amount
20、 of exercise contributes to good health.适当的运动量有助于健康。He has made great contributions to the city development.他为城市发展做出了巨大的贡献。He contributed 5，000 dollars to the disasterhit areas.他给灾区捐了5 000美元。语境助记Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote
21、 a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper.许多人给这个可怜的男孩捐钱，这使他重新回到了学校。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的新闻报道并把它投到了报社。 arise vi.发生，出现；起身；起床(教材P115)Could you tell us how the problem arose?你能告诉我们问题是怎么出现的吗？写出下列句中arise的含义Seeing his mother return home，the boy arose from his chair immediately.起身A number of high buildi
22、ngs have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.出现They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.起床arise from/out ofresult from产生于，起因于Accidents often arise from/out of carelessness.事故常起因于粗心。明辨异同arise/rise/raise/arouse原形过去式过去分词释义arise vi.arosearisen出现；起身rise vi.roserisen升起，升高；站起
23、，起床raise vt.raisedraised举起，抬起arouse vt.arousedaroused唤起(arise/rise/raise/arouse)The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.She rose/arose to greet her guests.He raised his hand in order that the taxi might stop.The noise aroused the sleeping guard. employ vt.雇用；使用；使忙于(教材P115).pay high prices for
24、 photographs of famous people taken by these selfemployed photographers.给个体经营的摄影师拍摄的名人照片付高价。(1)employ sb.to do sth.雇用某人做某事employ sth.to do sth.利用某物做某事employ oneself in.be employed in.从事；忙于(2)employer雇主employee雇员(un)employment就业/失业They employed her to look after the baby.他们雇用她照料那个婴儿。You should employ
25、 your money more wisely to buy(buy)things badly needed.你应该更明智地用你的钱来买最需要的东西。He was busily employed in cleaning(clean) his shoes.他正忙着擦他的鞋子。How long has she been in your employment(employ)?她被你雇用多长时间了？ attempt v& n尝试，试图，努力(教材P115)But sometimes，the paparazzi go too far in their attempt to get the best ph
26、otographs.有时候，猎奇名流的新闻记者想要得到最好的摄影作品会走的很远。(1)attempt to do sth.make an attempt to do/at doing sth.试图做某事in an attempt to do sth.试图做某事at the first attempt第一次尝试(2)attempted adj.未遂的；意图的an attempted suicide/murder自杀/谋杀未遂The prisoner made an attempt to escape.囚犯妄图逃跑。Two factories were closed in an attempt t
27、o cut(cut)costs.为了削减费用，两家工厂被关闭了。I passed my driving test at the first attempt.我考驾驶执照时，一次就通过了。名师点津attempt to do sth.相当于try to do sth.，意为“尽力做”，但不一定成功；而succeed in doing sth./manage to do sth.意为“成功地做某事”。 defend vt.为辩解；保卫(教材P115)But I know there are people who defend the paparazzi.但我知道有人会为猎奇名流的新闻记者辩护。(1)
28、defend.against/from.保护不受defend sb./oneself/sth.(from/against.)为辩解(2)defence n.保卫；辩护in defence of.为申辩，为了保卫They defend their country against/from enemies.他们保卫自己的国家不受敌人侵犯。She defended herself(she)successfully in the court.她在法庭上成功地为自己进行了辩护。She spoke in defence(defend)of her religious beliefs.她为其宗教信仰辩护。
29、in favour of支持，赞同；有利于(教材P115)Since then，the law and the public opinion have been less in favour of the paparazzi and their job.自那以后，法律和公众舆论就已经对猎奇名流的新闻记者及他们的工作很少支持了。(1)favour n赞同；恩惠vt.喜爱；有利于in ones favour对某人有利ask sb.a favourask a favour of sb.求某人帮忙do sb.a favourdo a favour for sb.帮某人忙(2)favourite adj
30、.最喜爱的favourable adj.赞同的；顺利的，有利的Do me a favour and turn the radio down while Im on the phone, will you?劳驾，我打电话时，你能把收音机的声音调小点儿吗？The exchange rate is in our(us) favour today.今天的兑换率对我们有利。Could I ask a favour? Would you pick my son up at the school gate？请你帮我个忙去学校门口接我儿子好吗？Such events occur only when the e
31、xternal conditions are favourable (favour)这种事情只有在外部条件有利时才会发生。 (教材P26)It is likely to be just the name of a company，part of which may be a general location.它很可能仅是公司的名称，其中可能含有公司的大概位置。【要点提炼】句中It is likely to do.表示“很可能”，其中likely是形容词，表示“很可能的”。很可能It is likely that he will attend the meeting.He is likely t
32、o attend(attend) the meeting.他很可能会出席会议。明辨异同likely/probable/possible易混词语气强弱主语常用句型likely语气较possible强，较probable弱，表示“十有五六”的可能性作表语时，主语为人、物或形式主语itbe likely todo sth.It is likelythat.probable语气最强，表示“十有八九的可能性”作表语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语一般为that引导的从句It is probable that.possible语气最弱，表示“十有二三的可能性”作表语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语一般
33、为不定式或that引导的从句It is possible(for sb.)todo sth.It ispossible that.(likely/probable/possible)It is possible for me to change jobs，but I am not sure.Im likely to be very busy tomorrow.It is probable/likely/possible that he will set a world record. (教材P26)The top advertisers of today believe that using
34、humour as well as new and unusual ideas to surprise people is important in modern advertisements.当今的顶级广告商认为，在现代广告中运用既出其不意、新颖独特又幽默的创意很重要。【要点提炼】句中as well as连接两个名词humour和ideas，作动名词using的宾语。(1)as well as意为“和，也， 不但(而且)，既(又)”，用于连接平行结构。连接动词时其后面常用动名词，尤其是位于句首时。它连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与as well as前的成分在人称和数上保持一致。(2)as
35、 well as表示同级比较，意为“和一样好”，此时是as.as.结构。As well as breaking his leg，he hurt his arm.他不但摔断了腿，而且还伤了胳膊。Li Na speaks English as well as a native speaker.李娜英语说得与以英语为母语的人一样好。The famous musician，as well as his students，was invited(invite)to perform at the opening ceremony.那位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在开幕式上演出。名师点津(1)与as wel
36、l as连接并列成分作主语用法类似的还有along with，with，besides，but，except，rather than等。(2)as well表示“也”，通常位于句尾，相当于too。 (教材P26)However，not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.然而，并非所有的广告都是为了盈利而推销产品和服务。【要点提炼】句中not all为部分否定。(1)某些表示全体意义的代词、形容词、副词与not连用表示部分否定，如代词all，both和形容词whole，every等所修饰的名词词
37、组，包括every所构成的复合代词。某些副词如altogether，always，entirely，wholly，quite等也是。(2)英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere，no more，no longer，no way等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。Our English teacher is excellent，but she cant help everyone in the class in 50 minutes.我们的英语老师非常优秀，但她不能在50分钟内帮助每一个人。The r
38、ich men are not always happy.有钱的人并非总是幸福的。None of the books are useful to us for the moment.这些书对我们暂时都没用。Neither of them can speak English.他们俩都不会讲英语。解构长句难句1(教材P26)For example，it could be “Shanghai Sewing Machine” or “Tsing Tao Beer Corporation”， and you would know what the companies sell，where they ar
39、e located，and the brand names.【分析】本句是由and连接的两个并列句。在后一个分句中，又包含着what引导的宾语从句和where引导的宾语从句。【翻译】例如，一则广告可能是“上海缝纫机厂”，或者是“青岛啤酒公司”，并且你会知道这些公司销售什么，它们的位置以及商标名称。2(教材P26)Modern advertisements must stand out in a world full of competition by combining the highest standards of design with ideas linked to the produ
40、cts to make them more attractive.【分析】本句是一个结构复杂的较长的简单句。full of competition是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰a world，意为“一个充满竞争的世界”；by combining.with.是介词短语作方式状语；linked to the products是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰ideas；to make them more attractive是不定式短语作目的状语。【翻译】现代的广告必须把最高水平的设计和产品理念相结合，以增强吸引力，这样才能在激烈的竞争中胜出。.单句语法填空1She doesnt blame anyon
41、e for her fathers death2The children were employed in weeding(weed)the garden.3The management is making a serious attempt to improve(improve)working conditions.4The frank exchange of views contributed to better understanding(understand)5I know a new approach to the difficult problem.6Happiness consi
42、sts in trying to do our duty.7When I saw her，she pretended to be sleeping(sleep)8Is there any man unwilling to fight in defence(defend)of his country?9The husband arose(arise)and looked out of the window.10He as well as I is willing to help(help) you.完成句子1It is likely that there will be a snowstorm
43、tomorrow.很可能明天会有一场暴风雪。2Not all men can be masters.不是所有的人都能成为大师。3Which driver was to blame for the accident?这事故是哪个司机的责任？4Is there any man unwilling to fight in defence of his country?难道有谁不愿为保卫自己的国家而战吗？5She pretended to have learned the text，but she had not.她假装学过了这篇课文，其实根本没有。动名词自主领悟 先观察原句For many of t
44、odays advertisers，repeating old ideas is not a successful approach.Others try to create advertisements that people simply enjoy looking at.The classic advertisement is one that gives information about finding certain products.a lot of money is spent on applying modern techniques of design to make th
45、ese advertisements as visually attractive as possible.the main purpose of the advertisement is making customers spend money.For example，it could be “Shanghai Sewing Machine”.后自主感悟1.句为动名词作主语。2句、句和句均是动名词作宾语，句中动名词作动词的宾语，句和句中动名词作介词的宾语。3句中动名词作表语；句中动名词作定语，说明被修饰名词的用途。动词ing形式具有动词和名词的特点。动词特点体现在可以有自己的宾语、状语、补足
46、语，有时态和语态的变化；名词特点体现在可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。一、动词ing 形式的时态、语态和否定形态动词ing 形式的时态有一般式和完成式；语态有主动式和被动式；动词ing形式的否定形式是直接在其前面加上not。以及物动词do为例，列表说明如下： 语态时态 主动(肯定式/否定式)被动(肯定式/否定式)一般式doing/not doingbeing done/not being done完成式having done/not having donehaving been done/not having been done1.一般式表示与谓语动词的动作同时或稍后发生；完成式表示动作先于谓语
47、动词完成。Do you like playing chess？你喜欢下棋吗？She was pleased that the teacher wasnt angry with her for having been so careless.她很高兴老师没有因为她的粗心而生气。2语态主要看与逻辑主语的关系。如果逻辑主语是动词ing 形式动作的执行者就用主动形式，是动词ing形式动作的承受者就用被动形式。While shopping, people sometimes cant help being persuaded into buying something they dont really
48、need.购物时，人们有时会情不自禁地被说服买他们可能并不需要的东西。3否定形式是在动词ing 形式前直接加上not。I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time.我必须因没有提前告知你而向你道歉。二、动词ing的句子成分1作主语Teaching English in a middle school is my fulltime job.在中学教英语是我的专职工作。In some Arabian countries，shaking ones head from side to side means agreement.在一些阿拉
49、伯国家，摇头表示同意。名师点津动名词和不定式作主语的区别动名词：动名词作主语通常表示经常性的、习惯性的动作。不定式：不定式作主语既可表示经常性的、习惯性的动作又可表示具体的、一次性的动作。Lying is wrong.撒谎不对。To lie to her is wrong.对她撒谎不对。温馨提示(1)动名词作主语后置的常用句型：It is/wasv.ingIt is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。(2)当句型“There is no.”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动名词作主语。There is no joking about such
50、 matters.这种事开不得玩笑。(3)单个动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Planting many trees is very good for our environment.植树对我们的环境非常有好处。即时训练1用所给动词的适当形式填空Reading(read)aloud is a good way of learning a language.As far as Im concerned，its no good arguing(argue)with him.Making friends plays(play)an important part in our life.2作表语
51、动名词作表语通常是对主语进行说明、解释。这时主语和表语位置可以互换。His hobby is watching football games.Watching football games is his hobby.他的爱好是看足球比赛。名师点津现在分词作表语相当于形容词的功能，说明主语的性质、特征，主语和表语的位置不可互换。温馨提示(1)动名词和不定式均可作表语，解释或说明主语的具体内容，两者常可换用。My job is looking after the old man.My job is to look after the old man.我的工作是照顾那位老人。(2)在有些情况下，如果
52、动词表示的是一个具体的、个别的动作，则多用不定式作表语；用动名词作表语侧重于主语本身的性质或状态。Your task today is to wash the curtains.你今天的任务是洗窗帘。(指一次具体的工作)His favorite sport is swimming.他最喜欢的运动是游泳。(泛指游泳)3作宾语(1)admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, include,
53、 keep, mention, mind, miss, practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, cant help(情不自禁)，cant stand(无法忍受)等动词或词组后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。What environment do you enjoy working in?你喜欢在什么样的环境下工作？If you ask me, I think you should give up smoking.如果你问我，我认为你应该戒烟。I cant help laughing every time I think of that.每次想起那
54、件事，我就会忍不住笑起来。(2)短语devote to, look forward to, stick to，be used to, be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble/problem(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in), theres no use/good/need, get down to 等须要用动名词形式作宾语。We look forward to hearing from you soon.我们盼望着很快能收到您的回信。I always have difficulty (in) pronouncin
55、g new words.在读生词时我总是遇到困难。(6) love, hate, prefer, like 等动词后用动名词作宾语时指一般情况；跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。I like swimming，but I prefer diving.我喜欢游泳，但是更喜欢潜水。I prefer to work rather than go on a holiday at the seaside.我宁愿工作也不愿去海滨度假。记忆口诀巧记后接动名词作宾语的(短语)动词：建议、考虑、坚持练，(suggest，advise，consider，insist on，practise)允许、想象、弃冒险，(p
56、ermit，allow，imagine，give up, risk)阻止、抵抗、否避开，(prevent，resist，deny，escape)不禁、介意、保持完，(cant help，mind，keep，finish)承认、错过、欣喜欢。(admit，miss，appreciate，enjoy)即时训练2用所给动词的适当形式填空That would mean wasting(waste) a lot of labour.Really？I dont mean to waste(waste) any labour.The young trees we planted last week requ
57、ire looking/to be looked(look) after with great care.We cant imagine her succeeding(succeed) in the entrance examination，for she has never been to school.4作定语动名词作定语，置于被修饰词之前，表示被修饰词的用途或性能。There is a large swimming pool in the garden.(the pool for swimming)花园里边有一个大的游泳池。The writing table is made of exp
58、ensive wood.(The table for writing)这张写字台是贵重木材做的。a waiting room a room for waiting 候车室，候诊室a hiding place 藏身之处a sailing boat帆船an operating table手术台 a watering can水罐building materials建筑材料a guessing game 猜谜游戏a bathing cap浴帽 a weighing machine 称具，量具a dressing room更衣室drinking water饮用水名师点津动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词
59、的用途或性能，与所修饰的名词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系；现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。China is a developing country.(相当于a country which is developing)中国是一个发展中国家。即时训练3用所给动词的适当形式填空Today there are more airplanes carrying(carry) more people than ever before in the skies.Theres a note pinned to the door saying(say) when the shop will
60、 open again.The room is empty except for a bookshelf standing(stand) in one corner.三、动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构指动名词前有其逻辑主语。复合结构通常由“物主代词/人称代词宾格/名词所有格等动名词”构成，通常在句中作主语或宾语，在句子开头时必须用物主代词或名词所有格。His coming made us very happy.他的到来使我们都很高兴。He was awakened by someones knocking at the door.他被某人的敲门声吵醒了。单句语法填空1Ignoring(ign
61、ore)the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.2His arm was not in a sling，and showed no sign of having been damaged(damage)3The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without being recognized(recognize)4We would appreciate being informed(inform) about the matter promptly.5How much I have regretted not taking(not take)his advice!