1、Section Grammar一二一、观察各组句子,想一想每组中两个句子的不同,并找出引起这种变化的单词或词组 1.a.He had never been so free of worry.b.Never had he been so free of worry.答案:Never 2.a.I only then realised that I was wrong.b.Only then did I realise that I was wrong.答案:Only then 3.a.The villagers didnt realise how serious the pollution was
2、 until all the fish died in the river.b.Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realise how serious the pollution was.答案:Not until 一二4.a.She had hardly gone out when a student came to visit her.b.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.答案:Hardly 5.a.He seldom goes
3、 shopping with his girlfriend.b.Seldom does he go shopping with his girlfriend.答案:Seldom 一二二、观察下列句子,体会强调句的用法。1.It was Jim who/that shot a bear yesterday.2.It was a bear that Jim shot yesterday.3.It was yesterday that Jim shot a bear.归纳:1,2,3句是 。1句强调 Jim,2句强调 abear,3句强调 yesterday。强调句型 主语宾语时间状语 一二一、倒装
4、句型 英语句子的正常语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后,若把谓语动词放在主语之前,则构成倒装句,如果谓语全部放在主语之前,叫完全倒装,如果只把助动词、情态动词或系动词放在主语之前,则构成部分倒装。考点一:完全倒装 1.here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常为be,come,go,lie,run等。考点延伸(1)语法填空。There (go)the bell.Then (come)the policemen.Here (be)your coat.goes came is 一二2.表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语为表示运动的动词。(2)完成句子。一个小女孩和
5、一只猫冲了出来。rushed a girl and a cat.一个小男孩站在前面。stood a little boy.3.为了保持句子结构平衡,常强调表语或状语,使上下文衔接紧密。(3)语法填空。(go)are the days when we used foreign oil.They arrived at a house,in front of which a big tree.注意:以there,here,then,now,so,away,out,in,up,down等开头的句子中,当主语是代词时,一般不用倒装。另外,时态只限于一般现在时或一般过去时。Out Ahead Gone s
6、tood 一二(4)完成句子。他来了。Here .他们走了。Away .he comes they went 一二考点二:部分倒装 1.否定副词(否定介词短语)如never,hardly,seldom,little,in no time,by no means,rarely,nor,neither,not,not until,nowhere,not only.(but also.),no sooner.(than.)等位于句首时,用部分倒装句型。考点延伸(1)完成句子。由于离父母很远,他很少看望他们。Seldom visit his parents because he is far away
7、 from them.护士不仅想要提高工资,他们还想要减少工作时间。Not only want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well.他们一到那儿,就开始抢一袋一袋的盐。Hardly got there when they began to grab bags of salt.does he do the nurses had they 一二2.so,neither,nor开头的句子,表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或物时,用部分倒装。(2)完成句子。汤姆会说法语,杰克也会说法语。Tom can speak French.So .如果你不去,
8、我也不会去。If you dont go,neither .can Jack will I 一二3.only在句首后接状语或状语从句时,要部分倒装。注意:如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装。(3)完成句子。直到那时我们才意识到那个人是盲人。Only then realise that the man was blind.只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。Only in this way solve this problem.只有当你取得内心的安宁以后,你才可以和别人保持良好的关系。Only when you can find peace in your heart keep go
9、od relationships with others.did we can you will you 一二4.as引导的让步状语从句必须将动词、表语或状语提前;though引导的让步状语从句可倒装也可不倒装,倒装时情况同as。注意:(1)句首名词不能带任何冠词。(2)让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句中不能有but,但是though 和yet可连用。Try as he might,he failed at last.尽管他试了,但仍然失败了。Although its raining,they are still working in the field.虽然下雨
10、,但他们仍在田间工作。一二5.so/such.that句型中的so/such 位于句首时,需倒装。So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。Such are the facts.No one can deny them.事实就是如此,谁也否定不了。6.在某些表示祝愿的句型中。May you all be happy.祝愿你们都幸福。7.在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词,可将if 省略,把were,had,should等移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。Were I
11、you,I would try it again.如果我是你,我会再试一次。一二二、强调句型 在英语中,对句子中的某一部分进行强调,可用如下句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that+句子的其他部分。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。这就是强调句型。1.陈述句的强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语等)+that/who(强调主语且主语指人时)+其他部分。一二考点延伸(1)语法填空。It is I am to blame.It is English is widely used in the world nowadays.It is wha
12、t he used to do really matters.It was in the street I met one of my old friends.2.一般疑问句的强调句型:把is/was提到it前面。(2)完成句子。他是在昨天遇到的李平吗?that he met Li Ping?现代奥运会开始于1896年吗?that the modern Olympic Games started?who/that that that that Was it yesterday Was it in 1896 一二3.特殊疑问句的强调句型:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/was+it
13、+that+其他部分?(3)完成句子。你是什么时候、在什么地方出生的?you were born?这儿到底为什么不允许吸烟?is not allowed here?注意:构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that,who,即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that,who不可省略;强调句中的时态只用两种,一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was.,其余的时态用It is.。When and where was it that Why is it that smoking 一二4.not.until.句型的强调句 句型为:I
14、t is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分.普通句:He didnt go to bed until/till his wife came back.改为强调句:_ 答案:It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.注意:此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是强调句型,till,until可通用;因为句型中It is/was not.已经是否定句了,that后面的句子要用肯定句。一二根据要求完成句子(1)I often watchTV for a little whileonly onSatu
15、rdayevening.(改为倒装句)(2)Sherarelyreceived letters from her brother.(改为倒装句)(3)Heneverspoke about his own success.(改为倒装句)(4)Wenot onlylost all our money,but we also came close to losingour lives.(改为倒装句)(5)Cancer will not be cured untilthe causes of即学即用cancer are found.(改为倒装句)一二(6)Professor Zhang is talk
16、ing on the phone.(强调主语)(7)When I was about to go to bed,the telephone rang.(强调时间状语)(8)I saw John on my way to school this morning.(强调宾语)语法填空(9)Was it because Jack came late for school Mr Smith got angry?(10)It was the culture,rather than the language,made it hard for him to adapt to the new environm
17、ent abroad.一二答案:(1)Only on Saturday evening do I often watch TV for a little while.(2)Rarely did she receive letters from her brother.(3)Never did he speak about his own success.(4)Not only did we lose all our money,but we also came close to losing our lives.(5)Not until the causes of cancer are found will cancer be cured.(6)It is Professor Zhang who/that is talking on the phone.(7)It was when I was about to go to bed that the telephone rang.(8)It was John that I saw on my way to school this morning.(9)that(10)that