1、北京市平谷区2020-2021学年高二英语下学期期末试题（含解析）注意事项1.本试卷共12页，包括三部分，满分100分。考试时间90分钟。2.在答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级和姓名。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束，请将答题卡交回。第一部分 知识运用（共两节，共30分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Autism hasnt slowed down Landon Di
2、mm. Although he didnt speak until age 6, he was able to _1_ by writing spelling words at age 4.Dimm loved his PE class, which helped him prepare for the Special Olympics Capital Area Athletics Meet. He has competed for the last four years and has _2_ nine gold medals, one silver and one bronze.Dimm
3、has competed in the 100-meter walk, softball distance throw, long jump and the 50-meter walk run once. His favorite _3_ is the softball throw. Hes increased his softball throw distance every year.Dimm, a junior, is well-liked at school and is a friend to many. Hes known for his excellent _4_ . He ne
4、ver forgets a birthday, and he _5_ dates of events that happened years ago.“Landon Dimm is a great kid and always smiling,” his PE coach said. “Hes very friendly. He loves PE class and loves _6_ in the Special Olympics.” Dimms mother, Stacy Crescionne, said. She was proud of her sons _7_ , not to me
5、ntion his growth. “Landon loves his classmates and teachers,” she said. “He talks of them often. He likes helping others in class. Landon is loved by everyone who meets him. He is friendly and very polite.”“He has an unbelievable memory about _8_ . If you tell him your birthday, he can tell you _9_
6、what day of the week itll fall on in a matter of seconds.”Crescionne said her son took a _10_ attitude lo his yearly Special Olympics competitions. “He loves competing and doing better each time,” she said. “He likes to get praised for doing his best. He looks forward to the event each year.”1. A. c
7、elebrateB. challengeC. communicateD. calculate2. A. deliveredB. wonC. succeededD. received3. A. subjectB. hobbyC. lessonD. event4. A. memoryB. gradeC. effortD. preparation5. A. remembersB. reactsC. combinesD. suggests6. A. performingB. competingC. strugglingD. applying7. A. devotionB. braveryC. achi
8、evementsD. honesty8. A. talentsB. patternsC. seasonsD. dates9. A. suddenlyB. obviouslyC. exactlyD. luckily10. A. negativeB. positiveC. sensitiveD. practical【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了患有自闭症的Landon Dimm非常喜欢上体育课，这也帮助他为首都特奥会田径运动会做了准备。在过去的四年里，他参加了比赛，获得了9枚金牌
9、，1枚银牌和1枚铜牌。介绍了Dimm的一些优点以及人们对他的评价和看法。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然他直到6岁才会说话，但他在4岁时就能通过书写拼写单词与人交流。 A. celebrate庆祝；B. challenge挑战；C. communicate交流；D. calculate计算。根据后文“by writing spelling words at age 4”可知，Dimm在4岁时就能通过书写拼写单词与人交流。故选C。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的四年里，他参加了比赛，获得了9枚金牌，1枚银牌和1枚铜牌。A. delivered递送；B. won赢得；C. su
10、cceeded成功；D. received收到。根据后文“nine gold medals”指赢得9枚金牌，应用win。故选B。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他最喜欢的项目是垒球投掷。A. subject课题；B. hobby爱好；C. lesson课程；D. event活动。根据后文“is the softball throw”可知，此处指最喜欢的活动，应用event。故选D。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的记忆力很好。A. memory记忆；B. grade成绩；C. effort努力；D. preparation准备。根据后文“He never forgets a birt
11、hday”可知，从来没有忘记任何人的生日，可见他记忆力很好。故选A。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从来不会忘记一个生日，他记得几年前发生的事情的日期。A. remembers记得；B. reacts反应；C. combines结合；D. suggests建议。根据后文“dates of events that happened years ago”可知，此处指记得几年前发生的事情的日期。故选A。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他喜欢体育课，喜欢参加特奥会。A. performing表演；B. competing竞争；C. struggling努力；D. applying申请。结合后
12、文“in the Special Olympics”可知，此处指喜欢参加特奥会，短语为compete in“参加比赛”。故选B。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她为儿子的成就感到骄傲，更不用说他的成长了。A. devotion奉献；B. bravery勇敢；C. achievements成就；D. honesty诚实。上文提到Dimm获得很多了奖牌，所以是为儿子的成就感到骄傲。故选C。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对日期有着令人难以置信的记忆力。A. talents才能；B. patterns模式；C. seasons理由；D. dates日期。呼应上文“dates of even
13、ts that happened years ago”指对日期有惊人的记忆力。故选D。【9题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你告诉他你的生日，他会在几秒钟内准确地告诉你生日是星期几。A. suddenly突然；B. obviously显然；C. exactly恰好地，确切地；D. luckily幸运地。根据后文“what day of the week itll fall on in a matter of seconds”可知，此处指确切地说出生日是星期几。故选C。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Crescionne说她儿子在参加每年一度的特奥会比赛时态度很积极。A. negati
14、ve消极的；B. positive积极的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. practical实际的。根据后文“He loves competing and doing better each time”可知，Dimm喜欢参加比赛，对比赛态度积极。故选B。第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Spending almost a full day in the car with a 74-year-old woman could be boring for a 16-year-old high school
15、student. For me, though, this was the best way to end 2020 and begin the New Year. For the whole trip, we didnt turn the radio on once. We spent hours _11_ (discuss) anything and gave each other advice _12_ (base) on our experiences. She valued the wisdom that I had from my 16 years; I learned a lot
16、 I never expected to. I _13_ (understand) the importance of real conversation. I knew that you shouldnt take yourself too seriously and that not everyone had to get old and boring. She is probably one of the _14_ (cool), funniest and most down-to-earth people Ive ever met.【答案】11. discussing 12. base
17、d 13. understood 14. coolest【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者和一个74岁的女人在车里待了一整天聊天的经历。【11题详解】考查动名词。句意：我们花了几个小时讨论任何事情，并根据我们的经验给对方建议。短语spend time (in) doing，意为“花费时间（做某事）”，根据句意，故填discussing。【12题详解】考查过去分词。句意：我们花了几个小时讨论任何事情，并根据我们的经验给对方建议。短语be based on，意为“以为依据”，分析句子可知，设空处为过去分词短语作后置定语，故填based。【13题详解】考查时态。句意：我明白了真正对话的重
18、要性。分析可知，设空处为谓语，根据整篇语境可知为一般过去时，故填understood。【14题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：她可能是我见过的最冷静、最有趣、最脚踏实地的人之一。分析可知，设空处和funniest, most down-to-earth共同作定语修饰名词，也应用最高级形式，故填coolest。B阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Have you ever heard that someone mentioned wearable technology but werent quite sure _15_ it meant? Simply put, w
19、earable technology is a general term for a group of devices including fitness trackers and smartwatches that are designed to be worm throughout the day. These devices are often called wearalables for short, Wearables _16_ （become）increasingly popular over the past few years, but the basic idea is no
20、thing new. For example, if youve ever worn a wristwatch, youve already used a simple kind of wearable. Todays wearables can actually connect with your existing devices, like computers and smartphones, _17_ means they can do a lot of interesting things.【答案】15. what 16. have become/have been becoming
21、17. which【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了近几年日益受欢迎的可佩戴科技产品。【15题详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：你曾经听过，某个人提到可佩戴高科技，但是不确定这指的是什么。后面的句子缺少宾语，且作sure的宾语。宾语从句的从句部分缺少主语或宾语，用连接词what。故填what。【16题详解】考查谓语时态。句意：可佩戴科技产品在过去的几年中变得越来越欢迎。由句中的时间状语over the past few years可知，该句的谓语用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，且become与主语为主动关系。故填have become/have been becoming。【17题详解】考
22、查定语从句连接词。句意：如今的可佩戴科技产品可以与你现在的设备连接，如电脑和智能手机，这意味着它们可以做很多有趣的事情。该处为非限定性定语从句，从句缺少主语，which指代前面整个主句。故填which。C阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。People are pleased with their easy life in Siheyuan. They live a peaceful and harmonious life in theses mall boxes. Their daily needs could be fully satisfied there b
23、y sellers who sold vegetables, _18_ （egg）, fruits and snacks. The winding and narrow hutongs were heaven for children playing games. They would have played games such as rubber-band skipping, Chinese shuttlecock（毽子）, and hide-and-seek. Even in modern times, young boys get together _19_ （hold）footbal
24、l matches in these narrow hutongs. Those who live in them love their way of life so much that it _20_ （describe）by the Chinese as a culture of happiness and harmony.【答案】18. eggs 19. to hold 20. is described【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了居住在四合院中的人们丰富多彩的日常生活。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：他们的日常需求可以完全得到满足。附近有卖菜、鸡蛋、水果和小吃的小贩。该处词在
25、and并列结构中，由其它几个复数名词和句意逻辑可知，该词也应用复数形式。故填eggs。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：甚至在当代，年轻的男孩们聚在一起，在狭窄的胡同里举办足球比赛。句中已有谓语动词get together，该处使用非谓语动词。用动词不定式作目的状语，表示孩子们聚在一起的目的。故填to hold。【20题详解】考查被动语态。句意：那些和他们住在一起的人非常喜欢他们的生活方式，以至于它被中国人描述为幸福和谐的文化。该处动词提示词作结果状语从句的谓语，与主语it为被动关系，应该用被动语态，表述客观事实，用一般现在时，主谓一致，故填is described。第二部分 阅读理解（共两
26、节，共38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ABasic Information about Kew GardensTickets include entry to all buildings and attractions within the Gardens. Save money and gain fast-track entry when you book tickets online.You can make a donation when you visit Kew Gardens
27、. As an alternative to buying a standard price ticket, you can instead make a donation. The donation is at least 10% more than the admission charge. Thank you for your donation.Members of Historic Royal Palaces receive a 10% discount off the entrance fee into Kew Gardens on presentation of a valid（有
28、效的）Historic Royal Palaces membership card.The Temperate House is closed for repairment until 2022.Kew Gardens is closed on 24 and 25 December due to Christmas.Pay at gate（）Online price（）AdultAdult-donation inclusiveAdult- standardOnline adult16.51514Concession（减价票）（visitors with a disability, studen
29、ts with an ID, senior citizens 60+）Concession-donation.Concession- donation inclusiveConcession-standardOnline concession15.51413Child（ages 4-16）（0-3 years old free）（children must be accompanied by an adult all the time）Child at gateOnline child3.52.5Necessary carers for visitors with a disabilityFR
30、EEFREE21. If an adult wants to go to the garden with his 65-year- old father, how much should they pay online?A. 32.5B. 27C. 32D. 29.522. What can we learn from the second and third paragraphs?A. Kew Gardens is a non-profit organization.B. Only Historic Royal Palaces members can visit Kew Gardens.C.
31、 An extra 10% admission fee must be paid to make a donation.D. It is hoped that visitors can make a donation when they visit Kew Gardens.23. What can we learn from the passage?A. Visitors can visit Kew Gardens all year round.B. The Temperate House cannot be visited until 2022.C The online price is h
32、igher than the price at the gate.D. An extra fee should be paid for certain attractions.24. Where can we most probably find the passage?A. On a financial app.B. In a fashion magazine.C. On a travel website.D. In a geography book.【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B 24. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了一处名为Kew Gardens的旅游景点的相关
33、信息，包括门票价格、捐款特色活动和闭馆时间。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中online price一列的文字信息“online adult（）14 (线上支付 成人票14英镑)”和Concession（减价票）visitors with a disability, students with an ID, senior citizens 60+ Online concession 13(身体有残疾、携带学生卡的学生和60岁以上的老人。减价票13英镑)可知，一位成人带65岁的老人入场门票一共27元。故选B项。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“As an alternative to b
34、uying a standard price ticket, you can instead make a donation. The donation is at least 10% more than the admission charge. Thank you for your donation. (如果不买标准票，你也可以进行捐款。捐款至少是超过门票10%的金额。谢谢你们的捐款)”可知，主办方希望游客们能慷慨解囊，奉献爱心，热心捐款。故选D项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“The Temperate House is closed for repairment until 2
35、022. (The Temperate House会关闭进行修缮，直到2022年才会再次开放)”可知，直到2022年游客才有机会游览The Temperate House。故选B项。【24题详解】文章来源题。根据文章第五段“Kew Gardens is closed on 24 and 25 December due to Christmas. (Kew Gardens会在12月24到25日由于圣诞节闭馆)”和Concession（减价票）visitors with a disability, students with an ID, senior citizens 60+ Online co
36、ncession 13(身体有残疾、携带学生卡的学生和60岁以上的老人。减价票13英镑)可知，全文介绍了Kew Gardens旅游景点的闭馆时间、票价等信息，介绍这样信息的文章平时会在旅游网站上看到。故选C项。BHenry Cavill: Bring Superman to LifeHenry Cavill knew that he wanted to be a star at 16 years of age, after a chance meeting with movie star Russell Crowe who inspired his passion for acting. Bu
37、t for the British-born actor, the bright lights and attraction of Hollywood were a long way away. Supported by his secretary mother and stockbroker father, he decided to study drama during high school. His journey to super star began.Before gaining the international recognition he has now, Cavill tr
38、ied out for roles in the Harry Potter and Twilight series but failed to get either. He would have to keep waiting for his big chance.Determined as ever, Cavill took any acting jobs he could get his hands on and appeared in several low-budget horror movies and TV shows in hopes of getting noticed. It
39、 almost worked. In the early 2000s, at just 22 years old, he narrowly missed out on becoming the new James Bond. Finally, in 2007, his hard work paid off. He won a leading role as the first Duke of Suffolk in the period show The Tudors. The TV show was very popular and helped to raise Cavills popula
40、rity in America.In 2011, Cavil landed his breakout role, playing Superman in the DC Extended Universe. He hasnt looked back and has since starred in many hit films, such as Mission: Impossible- Fallout.More recently, he stepped back on to the small screen. Since 2019, he has starred in the popular s
41、eries The Witcher, adapted from the book series and video games of the same name. In the TV show, Cavill played a brave monster hunter named Geralt of Rivia, which was the perfect role for Cavill because he was a fan of the video games. Cavill also got a chance to play a classic English character ma
42、ster detective Sherlock Holmes in 2020s Enola Holmes.However, Cavill isnt just a good guy on screen. His charity work also makes him a real-life hero. In 2014, he took part in the Ice Bucket Challenge while wearing his full Superman suit to support the ALS Association. Currently, he is an ambassador
43、 for the UKs Royal Marines Charity, which supports war veterans (退伍军人). Why does he do it? He love to make people feel good and bring smiles to people faces. Indeed, Henry Cavill in living proof that you dont always need to wear a cape (斗篷) to act like a hero.25. Why did Cavil act in low-budget film
44、 and TV works early in his career?A. He was too polite to refuse.B. He was hoping to get noticed.C. He was encouraged to do so by his parents.D. He was friends with the directors of the projects.26. The role of the monster hunter was the perfect for Cavill because _ .A. he had experienced hunting mo
45、nstersB. he had played the same role in a movieC. he knew the writer of the books personallyD. he enjoyed the video games that the show was rooted in27. Which of the following words can best describe Cavill?A. Modest and friendly.B. Determined and kind.C. Talented and faithful.D. Honest and consider
46、ate.28. What made Cavill a real-life hero?A. Being a successful actor.B. Playing Superman on screen.C. Devoting to charities.D. Wearing a cape to take part in activities.【答案】25. B 26. D 27. B 28. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了亨利卡维尔在他当秘书的母亲和做股票经纪人的父亲的支持下，在高中时就开始学习戏剧，开始了成为超级明星的旅程，同时他的慈善工作也让他成为了现实生活中的英雄。【25题
47、详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的首句“Determined as ever, Cavill took any acting jobs he could get his hands on and appeared in several low-budget horror movies and TV shows in hopes of getting noticed.(卡维尔一如既往地坚定，他接受了所有他能得到的表演工作，并出演了几部低成本的恐怖电影和电视剧，希望得到关注)”可知，卡维尔在他职业生涯的早期，在低成本电影和电视作品中扮演角色是希望得到关注。故选B。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“
48、In the TV show, Cavill played a brave monster hunter named Geralt of Rivia, which was the perfect role for Cavill because he was a fan of the video games.(在电视剧中，卡维尔扮演了一个勇敢的怪物猎人名叫杰洛特里维亚，这对卡维尔来说是一个完美的角色，因为他是一个电子游戏的粉丝)”可知，怪兽角色对于卡维尔来说是一个完美的角色是因为他是一个电子游戏的粉丝。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Determined as ever, Cavi
49、ll took any acting jobs”及第六段“His charity work also makes him a real-life hero.(他的慈善工作也让他成为了现实生活中的英雄)”可知，卡维尔是一个既有决心又充满爱心的人。故选B。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“Cavill isnt just a good guy on screen. His charity work also makes him a real-life hero.(他的慈善工作也让他成为了现实生活中的英雄)”可知，卡维尔的的慈善工作让他成为了现实生活中的英雄。故选C。CSpeaking with
50、 people on the phone is pretty rare these days. Most people use e-mail or messaging apps when they need to communicate with someone. Sometimes, though, making a call is unavoidable. This simple act can actually be a nightmare for some people. Their hearts race and their hands sweat at the very thoug
51、ht. If this sounds familiar to you, you might be one of the millions of people who suffer from telephobiathe fear of speaking over the phone.Telephobia is a form of social anxiety, although people who feel perfectly comfortable in social situations may also experience telephobia. When speaking face-
52、to-face, we give off lots of facial or bodily cues that help each other follow the conversation. This is not the case over the phone. And the idea of speaking into this void（真空）makes people terrified that they will freeze up, stumble over their words（失言）, or lose control of the conversation and look
53、 foolish In fact, telephobia is very similar to the fear people feel before putting on a performance in front of a big audience. However, there are things that one suffering from thin condition can do to reduce this fear and make phone calls at least somewhat bearable.One thing that those with telep
54、hobia can do before a call in smile. It may sound silly, but smiling before doing something stressful can help you feel more relaxed. It wont delete the anxiety altogether, but it will take the edge off it.Similarly, imagining how the call will go before you make it can also help things go more smoo
55、thly. Running through a positive conversation in your head will make you feel less nervous and may help you predict any possible problems. Theres no need to spend hours on this, just a few minutes thinking up a general idea of what you want to say. You can even write down some brief notes to remind
56、yourself of your talking points. This is particularly useful for dealing with the fear of not being able to express yourself naturally.And finally, when faced with receiving a call, you dont always have to pick up. Theres nothing wrong with calling the person back later when you feel more comfortabl
57、e.So the next time your phone starts ringing, rememberspeaking on the phone doesnt have to make you sweat. The important thing is to be aware of your fear and take steps to deal with it.29. According to the article, which situation can cause a feeling similar lo telephobia?A Speaking face-to-face to
58、 a good friend.B. Performing in front of a large audience.C. Running in a race without proper shoes.D. Using a messaging app while on the subway.30. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to deal with telephobia?A Imagining how the call will go before you make it.B. Standing on the edge of
59、 a tall building while making a call.C. Calling someone back later instead of answering their phone calls right away.D. Writing down some brief notes to remind yourself of your talking points.31. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To present ways to ease telephobia.B. To explain the developm
60、ent of telephobiaC. To introduce the influence of telephobia.D. To give the reason why someone suffers from telephobia.【答案】29. B 30. B 31. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种社交场合中人们可能会遇到的心理问题telephobia，并提出几条具体克服这种焦虑的有效方法。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“In fact, telephobia is very similar to the fear people feel before putt
61、ing on a performance in front of a big audience. (事实上，telephobia与人们在很多观众面前表演前内心的恐惧类似)”可知，即将在观众面前进行表演，人们通常会感到紧张恐惧，这与telephobia类似。故选B项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Similarly, imagining how the call will go before you make it can also help things go more smoothly. (同样地，打电脑之前想象一下电话内容如何进行也能帮助谈话进展得更顺利)”，“You can ev
62、en write down some brief notes to remind yourself of your talking points. (你甚至可以用笔记下一些简短的笔记，提醒自己谈话的要点)”和“Theres nothing wrong with calling the person back later when you feel more comfortable. (当你感到心情平复时，再给来电话的人回拨是没有问题的)”可知，文章提出的应对telephobia的策略不包括“Standing on the edge of a tall building while making
63、 a call. (站在一个高楼的边缘打电话)”。故选B项。【31题详解】文章目的题。根据文章倒数第二段“Theres nothing wrong with calling the person back later when you feel more comfortable. (当你感到心情平复时，再给来电话的人回拨是没有问题的)和最后一段“The important thing is to be aware of your fear and take steps to deal with it. (最重要的事情是意识到你的恐惧，并且采取措施解决它)”可知，这篇文章主要为人们克服telep
64、hobia提供几条具体的策略。故选A项。DYou might not expect it, but cows are a large source of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change. Cows produce lots of methane by breaking down the grass, Now scientists have shown that the pollution from cows can be reduced by adding a little seaweed to their food.S
65、cientists first discovered that seaweed could help control methane from cows several years ago. But this work was done in a laboratory, there were many questions about whether the idea could work in real life.In the lab studies, the cows were given quite a bit of seaweed, and they would cause losing
66、 weight. That wasnt helpful, since cows are often sold by weight. It also wasnt clear if the seaweed would stop working if it was used for a longer period of time.Now, scientists from the University of California, Davis have answered several of these questions.The researchers studied 21 cows on a fa
67、rm for about five months. They taught the cows to get their food from inside a special hood, which allowed the scientists to measure the methane that the cows were giving off. This time, they used a much smaller amount of seaweed, which they mixed with the cows food.The results were surprisingly goo
68、d. In some cases, the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given, but even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane.Over the five months, the scientists didnt see any signs that the cows stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and sta
69、rting to produce more methane again.Another surprise came when they looked at the weight of the cows. The cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows, but they didnt need as much food.But there are still some big problems with the idea of feeding cows seaweed. For one thi
70、ng, theres not adequate seaweed to feed all of the cows in the world. So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed.A bigger problem is that for most of their lives, cows live in fields, where they eat the grass. That means theres no chance to feed them seaweed every day. These p
71、roblems need to be taken seriously if the world is going to avoid the worst effects of the climate crisis.Still, its true that something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis.32. Why did the scientists do the experiment on the farm?A. To c
72、ontrol the amount of seaweed.B. To record the weight cows gained.C. To confirm the effect of seaweed in real life.D. To measure the amount of seaweed cows ale.33. The underlined word “adequate” means _ .A. commonB. specialC. lackingD. enough34. The passage is written to _ .A. appeal to people not to
73、 raise the cowsB. encourage people to plant the seaweedC. remind people of controlling cows weightD. call on people to take actions to reduce the pollution【答案】32. C 33. D 34. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。奶牛是导致气候变化的温室气体的主要来源，然而科学家已经证明，只要在牛的食物中添加一点海藻，就可以减少来自牛的污染。文章介绍了研究开展的过程、研究发现以及这一方法仍然存在的问题。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“
74、It also wasnt clear if the seaweed would stop working if it was used for a longer period of time.(但是这项工作是在实验室里完成，关于这个想法是否在现实生活中可行还有很多问题)”以及第五段“The researchers studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months. They taught the cows to get their food from inside a special hood, which allowed the scienti
75、sts to measure the methane that the cows were giving off. This time, they used a much smaller amount of seaweed, which they mixed with the cows food.( 研究人员对一个农场的21头牛进行了大约5个月的研究。他们教奶牛从一个特殊的罩内获取食物，这样科学家就可以测量奶牛释放的甲烷。这一次，他们使用了少量的海藻，并将其与牛的食物混合在一起)”可知，科学家们在农场做实验是为了证实海藻在现实生活中的作用。故选C。【33题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“So
76、 farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed.”可知，因为没有足够的海藻养活世界上所有的牛， 所以农民们必须想办法种植大量的海藻。故划线词意思是“足够的”。A. common普通的；B. special特别的；C. lacking缺乏的；D. enough足够的。故选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, its true that something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution
77、causing the climate crisis.(尽管如此，像给牛喂海藻这样简单的事情确实可以帮助减少一些导致气候危机的污染)”结合文章说明了奶牛是导致气候变化的温室气体的主要来源，然而科学家已经证明，只要在牛的食物中添加一点海藻，就可以减少来自牛的污染。文章介绍了研究开展的过程、研究发现以及这一方法仍然存在的问题。可推知，文章的目的是呼吁人们采取行动减少污染。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Maintaining and Building MuscleStaying healthy i
78、s very important, but eating well and getting active is only part of the story. Often, we forget how important it is to concentrate on building and maintaining our muscles._35_ It can also help you improve your immune system, speed up your bodys healing process, and let you sleep better. And as you
79、age, the muscles youve developed will help you with your balance, bone strength, posture, and even more confident. _36_ After all, you dont have to look like Arnold Schwarzenegger to feel good about being a bit stronger!With all these great reasons for strength training, there are also so many myths
80、 that stop women from doing it. _37_ The truth is, since women have about one-fifteenth the testosterone of men, its much harder for them to get big muscles than it is for men. So go ahead ladies, get stronger. Youll be happy you did!There are some easy ways to build muscle at home. _38_ But did you
81、 know that, when done right, push-ups can be as effective as weight lifting? The trick is to make sure you are constantly varying the type of push-up. Placing your hands closer together or further apart are two excellent ways to isolate different muscle groups and ensure you get the maximum return o
82、n your effort._39_ For example, squats and lunges for your legs, pull-ups and chin-ups for your upper body, and crunches and planks for your core. With every exercise, you should keep track of how many you do and measure your improvements over time. In addition, keep in mind that once a specific exe
83、rcise gets too easy, there are always plenty of changes to help increase is difficulty.There are so many strength training exercises that are simple, easy to do at home, and great for your health. Why not give them a try? Just remember: the hardest part is getting started!A. Instead, they can try ta
84、king a bath o fall asleep.B. People may fear it is a hard work to insist on strength training.C. Of all the benefits, maybe the best part is your improved confidence.D. Without leaving the comfort of your home, you are probably familiar with push-ups.E. Building muscle strength does more than just h
85、elp you lift heavier things and lose weight.F. Womens common fear is that lifting weights will make them look too bulky.G. There are also other simple ways to increase muscle strength.【答案】35. E 36. C 37. F 38. D 39. G【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。保持健康是非常重要的，但吃得好和多运动只是故事的一部分。经常，我们忘记了集中精力锻炼和保持我们的肌肉是多么重要。文章主要说明了增强肌肉
86、力量的好处和方法。【35题详解】根据上一段中“Often, we forget how important it is to concentrate on building and maintaining our muscles.(经常，我们忘记了集中精力锻炼和保持我们的肌肉是多么重要)”以及后文“It can also help you improve your immune system, speed up your bodys healing process, and let you sleep better. And as you age, the muscles youve deve
87、loped will help you with your balance, bone strength, posture, and even more confident.(它还可以帮助你改善你的免疫系统，加快你身体的愈合过程，让你睡得更好。随着年龄的增长，你锻炼出来的肌肉会帮助你保持平衡、增强骨骼力量、保持姿势，甚至让你更加自信)”可知，本句是在说明增强肌肉力量的好处，故E选项“增强肌肉力量不仅仅能帮助你举起更重的东西和减肥”符合语境，故选E。【36题详解】根据上文“And as you age, the muscles youve developed will help you with
88、 your balance, bone strength, posture, and even more confident.(随着年龄的增长，你锻炼出来的肌肉会帮助你保持平衡、增强骨骼力量、保持姿势，甚至让你更加自信)”以及后文“After all, you dont have to look like Arnold Schwarzenegger to feel good about being a bit stronger!(毕竟，你不需要看起来像阿诺德施瓦辛格那样，因为更强壮一点而感觉良好！)”可知，上文提到了肌肉可以让人更自信，C选项中confidence对应上文中confident。
89、故C选项“在所有的好处中，也许最好的部分是你提高了信心”符合语境，故选C。【37题详解】根据上文“With all these great reasons for strength training, there are also so many myths that stop women from doing it.(尽管有这么多的理由进行力量训练，但也有很多谬误阻止女性进行力量训练)”以及后文“The truth is, since women have about one-fifteenth the testosterone of men, its much harder for the
90、m to get big muscles than it is for men.(事实是，由于女性的睾丸素含量是男性的1 / 15，因此女性要想拥有强壮的肌肉比男性难得多)”可知，本句应承接上文说明阻止女性进行力量训练的谬误，故F选项“女性普遍担心举重会让她们看起来太胖”符合语境，故选F。【38题详解】根据上文“There are some easy ways to build muscle at home.(这里有一些在家锻炼肌肉的简单方法)”以及后文“But did you know that, when done right, push-ups can be as effective a
91、s weight lifting?(但你知道吗，如果做得好，俯卧撑可以和举重一样有效)”可知，本句是在说明在家里也可以做俯卧撑，D选项中push-ups对应后文中push-ups。故D选项“没有离开舒适的家，你可能已经熟悉俯卧撑了”符合语境，故选D。【39题详解】根据后文“For example, squats and lunges for your legs, pull-ups and chin-ups for your upper body, and crunches and planks for your core. With every exercise, you should kee
92、p track of how many you do and measure your improvements over time. In addition, keep in mind that once a specific exercise gets too easy, there are always plenty of changes to help increase is difficulty.(例如，你的腿可以做下蹲和弓步，你的上半身可以做引体向上，你的核心可以做仰卧起坐和平板支撑。每一次锻炼，你都应该记录下你做了多少，并衡量你的进步。此外，请记住，一旦一个特定的练习变得太容易，
93、总是有很多改变来帮助提高难度)”可知，后文主要举例说明了其它可以增加肌肉力量的方法，故G选项“还有其他简单的方法来增加肌肉力量”符合语境，故选G。第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分）第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Last week, the United Nations (UN) released the most complete report ever created on the global problem of food waste. It found that the world
94、wastes about 17% of all the food produced. Thats about a billion tons of food a year.A billion tons is a lot of food its over 2 trillion (2 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000) pounds or about 931 billion (931 ,000 ,000 ,000) kilograms. The report says that the amount wasted is roughly twice as much as earlier stud
95、ies had suggested.The report was produced by the UNs Environment Program (UNEP) and covered food waste around the world in 2019. The study showed a several different ways in which food was wasted at home, in restaurants and in stores.It turns out that by far, most food waste about 61% happens horse.
96、 On average, the amount of food thrown out at home works out to about 163 pounds (74 kilograms) for each person every year.Restaurants were responsible for about 26% of the food wasted. The remaining 13% was thrown away by stores.Many people thought rich countries were more likely to waste food than
97、 countries that were less rich. That turned out not to be true. One surprising discovery was that food was wasted at about the same rate in all but the poorest countries. (The UN had difficulty measuring food waste in the poorest countries.) But people in richer countries may waste less food at home
98、 because they are eating out at restaurants more often. That certainly seems to be the case in the US, which has low waste numbers for homes, but quite high numbers for restaurants.In some cases, labels might be causing food waste, the report said. People might be throwing away food even though its
99、still good to eat, simply because the containers Best By or Sell By date has passed. In poorer countries, food may be wasted because not all homes have a refrigerator.Why is wasting food such a problem? For one thing, the report points out, hundreds of millions of people went hungry in 2019. Also, w
100、asting food is really bad for the planet. Farming creates between 10% and 30% of the worlds greenhouse gas emissions (排放) the pollution thats making the climate crisis worse. So when food gets thrown out, the pollution is created for nothing.The UNEP report says that its important for countries to s
101、tudy food waste more carefully in order to figure out ways to solve the problem.40. How many tons of food are wasted a year according to the UN report?41. Why is wasting food bad for the environment?42. Read the following statement, underline the false part of it and explain the reason.Labels might
102、be causing food waste, because people might be throwing away food that is bad to eat.43. Please briefly present what you can do in daily life to save food. (about 40 words) 【答案】40. Thats about a billion tons of food. 41. Because farming creates between 10% and 30% of the worlds greenhouse gas emissi
103、ons the pollution thats making the climate crisis worse. So when food gets thrown out, the pollution is created for nothing. 42. Labels might be causing food waste, because people might be throwing away food that is bad to eat.People might be throwing away food even though its still good to eat, sim
104、ply because the containers “Best By” or “Sell By” date has passed. 43. Possible version 1:To save food, I will start from small things. When eating in the dining hall, Ill take a decent serving of food and avoid leftovers. And if I see the phenomenon of students wasting food, I will be brave to stop
105、 them. Possible version 2:After eating at a restaurant, I will take the leftovers home and practice the “Clear your plate” campaign with action. Also, I will remind my relatives and friends around me of stopping waste food and treasure the grain.【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界联合国发布的迄今为止关于全球食物浪费问题最完整的报告。该研究发
106、现，世界上大约17%的食物被浪费了。这相当于每年大约10亿吨食物。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段“Last week, the United Nations (UN) released the most complete report ever created on the global problem of food waste. It found that the world wastes about 17% of all the food produced. Thats about a billion tons of food a year.(上周，联合国（UN）发布了迄今为止关
107、于全球食物浪费问题最完整的报告。该研究发现，世界上大约17%的食物被浪费了。这相当于每年大约10亿吨食物)”可知，该联合国报告显示，世界上大约17%的食物被浪费了。这相当于每年大约10亿吨食物。故答案为Thats about a billion tons of food a year.【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Also, wasting food is really bad for the planet. Farming creates between 10% and 30% of the worlds greenhouse gas emissions (排放) the po
108、llution thats making the climate crisis worse. So when food gets thrown out, the pollution is created for nothing.(浪费食物对地球非常有害。农业创造了世界上10%至30%的温室气体排放污染使气候危机雪上加霜。所以当食物被扔掉时，污染就白白产生了)”可知，食物浪费对环境有害，因为农业种植导致温室气体的排放，这加重了气候危机。故答案为Because farming creates between 10% and 30% of the worlds greenhouse gas emis
109、sions the pollution thats making the climate crisis worse. So when food gets thrown out, the pollution is created for nothing.【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段“People might be throwing away food even though its still good to eat, simply because the containers Best By or Sell By date has passed.(人们可能会扔掉食物，即使它仍然很
110、好可以吃，只是因为包装上的“最佳食用日期”或“销售日期”已经过去了)”可知，该小题原句中that is bad to eat.是错误的，原文中表示只是因为包装上写“最佳食用日期”或“销售日期”已过，而食物并没有变质。故答案Labels might be causing food waste, because people might be throwing away food that is bad to eat.People might be throwing away food even though its still good to eat, simply because the co
111、ntainers “Best By” or “Sell By” date has passed.【43题详解】考查表达。根据文章内容，全球食物浪费如此严重，并且食物浪费造成如此危害，所以抑制食物浪费现象从我做起，例如餐厅用餐吃多少点多少，践行光盘行动；看到别人浪费食物，勇于劝诫，向身边人宣传节约粮食。故答案为Possible version 1:To save food, I will start from small things. When eating in the dining hall, Ill take a decent serving of food and avoid left
112、overs. And if I see the phenomenon of students wasting food, I will be brave to stop them. Possible version 2:After eating at a restaurant, I will take the leftovers home and practice the “Clear your plate” campaign with action. Also, I will remind my relatives and friends around me of stopping wast
113、e food and treasure the grain.第二节（20分）44. 假设你是平谷区红星中学高二学生李华。你的美国朋友Jim曾到过平谷，他听说2021世界休闲大会（2021 Word Leisure Congress）已经在平谷闭幕，他想了解平谷近几年的变化。请给他回复邮件，内容包括：1变化（交通transportation,环境environment,）；2.原因；3.欢迎他再来平谷。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】One possible version:Dear Jim,Im glad tha
114、t you care about the 2021 World Leisure Congress and want to know the changes in Pinggu. Let me tell you some developments of the city. I have witnessed many great changes in my hometown. The most impressive one is the rapid development of transportation. In the past, people travelled mainly by thei
115、r own bikes. Nowadays, with many bus lines built, it is more convenient for people to go everywhere. Besides, the spread of sharing bikes helps people travel more easily. All these couldnt have happened without the measures taken by the government and applications of new technology. Great changes ha
116、ve taken place in Pinggu. When visiting here again, you will feel the charm of the city. So welcome to Pinggu again. Yours, Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国朋友Jim回复邮件，介绍平谷近几年的变化，并欢迎他再来。【详解】1.词汇积累告知：tellinform见到：seewitness目前：at presentnowadays帮助：assisthelp2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：I have witnessed many great c
117、hanges in my hometown.拓展句：I have witnessed many great changes in my hometown, which are amazing.【点睛】高分句型1 Nowadays, with many bus lines built, it is more convenient for people to go everywhere. (with加复合宾语，过去分词作宾补；不定式用作真正主语，it作形式主语)高分句型2 When visiting here again, you will feel the charm of the city. So welcome to Pinggu again. (when引导的时间状语从句中的省略，现在分词作状语)