1、走向高考英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教实验版必修4 Units 35走向高考 英语 人教实验版必 修 4Units 35必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版专项语法八 虚拟语气必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版要点精析条件从句主句例句与现在事实相反If I(we,you,he,she,it,they)动词过去式(be的形式一律用were)I(we,you,he,she,it,they)would/should/could/might动词原形If he were indoors,he wouldnt feel so cold.必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版
2、条件从句主句例句与过去事实相反If I(we,you,he,she,it,they)had过去分词I(we,you,he,she,it,they)would/should/could/mighthave doneIf you had taken my advice,you wouldnt have failed in the examination.必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版条件从句主句例句与将来事实相反A式:If主语一般过去式B式:If主语were to do C式:If主语should doI(we,you,he,she,it,they)would/should/coul
3、d/might动词原形A:If he were here this evening,we would play cards.B:If she were to marry Jack,she would be happy.C:If she should know it,she would tell me.必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版例(2010天津,15)John went to the hospital alone.If he_me about it,I would have gone with him.Ashould tell BtellsCtold Dhad told解析:句
4、意:约翰自己去的医院。如果他告诉我的话,我就和他一起去了。本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,从句用过去完成时。故D项正确。答案:D必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版2虚拟条件句和主句动作如发生的时间不一致,主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式,这种句子叫做错综时间条件句。If I were you,I wouldnt have missed the film last night.如果我是你,我就不会错过昨晚那部电影了。(现在过去)必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版If they had left home in early morning,the
5、y would arrive in half an hour.要是他们一大早离开家的话,再过半个小时就该到了。(过去将来)必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版例(2010北京,34)The weather has been very hot and dry.Yes.If it had rained even a drop,things would be much better now!And my vegetables_.Awouldnt die Bdidnt dieChadnt died Dwouldnt have died必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版解析:句意:天气
6、又热又干燥。是的,要是稍微下点儿雨,现在的情况就会更好一些!那样我的蔬菜就不会死掉了。由条件句中的had rained可以推出这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,但是主句有时间状语now,所以用了与现在事实相反的虚拟语气would be;最后一句话也是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故用wouldnt have died。答案:D必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版3有时虚拟条件不用从句,而是通过上下文或用介词短语等表示出来,这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。常用的介词有with,without,but for等。But for your help,we couldnt have succeeded.要不
7、是你的帮助,我们是不会成功的。Without electricity life would be quite different today.如果没有电,今天的生活就会完全不同。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版She wasnt feeling well,otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.她感到不舒服,不然她不会那么早离开会场的。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版例(2011江西,28)We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his rec
8、ent injury.Awill put Bwill have put Cwould put Dwould have put必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版解析:本题考查虚拟语气。句意:要不是因为约翰最近受伤的话,我们昨天就把他的名字写在比赛名单上了。but for his recent injury是含蓄虚拟条件句,而且句中有明确的时间状语,故主句用would have done。答案:D必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句1用于wish后的宾语从句中与现在事实相反,用were或动词的过去式;与过去事实相反,用had过去分词或would/coul
9、d have done;表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would/should/could/might动词原形。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版I wish she were here.她在这儿就好了。I wish you would go with us tomorrow.但愿你明天跟我们一起去。I wish she had taken my advice.那时她要是听我的话就好了。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版例(2011北京,28)Where are the children?The dinners going to be completely rui
10、ned.I wish they _ always late.A.werent B.hadnt beenC.wouldnt be D.wouldnt have been必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版解析:本题考查wish后从句虚拟语气的用法。句意:孩子们哪里去了?晚饭快要彻底坏掉了。要是他们不总是迟到就好了。由第一句可知对话表示的是现在的事,wish后跟宾语从句时,要用虚拟语气,表示现在的事情要用一般过去时态。答案:A必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版2用在表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中。常见的动词有:suggest,advise,propose,command,
11、request,insist,recommend等。宾语从句中谓语动词用“should动词原形”,should可以省略。He demands that he(should)be told everything.他要求将一切告诉他。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版Janes pale face suggested that she was ill,and her parents suggested that she(should)have a medical examination.简苍白的脸色表明她生病了,她父母建议她做一个体格检查。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版例(
12、2010福建,29)Teachers recommend parents _their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.Anot allow Bdo not allowCmustnt allow Dcouldnt allow必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版解析:考查虚拟语气。recommend后的宾语从句谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”,因此A项正确。答案:A必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版3would rather后的宾语从句中,谓语用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事。如谈到过去的动
13、作,则用过去完成时。Id rather you paid the money yourself.(现在)我宁愿你自己付钱。Id rather she hadnt done that.(过去)我宁愿她没做过那事。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版4用于主语从句中It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essentialthat从句,从句中的谓语动词用“should动词原形”,should可以省略。It is suggested that the meeting(should)
14、be put off till next week.有人建议会议应推迟到下周。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版It is strange that he(should)have acted towards his parents like that.他那样对待自己的父母很奇怪。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版注意:以下句式也可以用于陈述语气。Its strange that he didnt come yesterday.很奇怪他昨天没来。Its a pity that you didnt dance.很可惜你没有跳舞。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版5用于
15、表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“should动词原形”,should可省略。Their desire was that a treaty(should)be signed at once.他们的愿望是立即签署协议。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go to Dalian for sightseeing.我们都同意他的建议就是我们该去大连观光。必
16、修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版三、虚拟语气用于定语从句中在It is(high)time(that).句型中,定语从句的谓语动词用过去式或“should动词原形(其中should不能省略)”。此句型意为“(现在)该”,用来表示建议。It is(high)time that you went to school.到了你该上学的时间了。It is(high)time that we should start out.到了我们该出发的时间了。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版例 Its high time the government_measures to help the
17、graduates.Atakes BtookCwill take Dhas taken解析:考查虚拟语气。句式It be(about/high)time接从句时,从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词用一般过去式。答案:B必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版四、虚拟语气用在as if/though,even if/though从句中He talks as if he knew all about it.他说起来好像知道一切一样。Even if he were here,he couldnt solve the problem.即使他在这儿,他也不能解决问题。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实
18、验版注意:当as if从句的含义与事实相符时,其时态要根据需要而定,而不用虚拟语气。He talked as if he was drunk.(事实)他说话的口气好像喝醉了。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版五、用于if only引导的感叹句中If only I were a flying bird!要是我是一只飞鸟多好!Look at the trouble I am in.If only I had followed your advice!看看现在我的困境,要是我接受你的建议就好了!必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版例(2010东北三校联考)Why do you lo
19、ok so upset?I broke up with my girlfriend.If only I_more about her.Acare BcaredChad cared Dhad been cared必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版解析:考查虚拟语气。if only表示“要是就好了”,后面的句子要用虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用had done的形式。答案:C必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版运用提升1(2011陕西,22)I_through that bitter period without your generous help.A.cou
20、ldnt have gone B.didnt goC.wouldnt go D.hadnt gone必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版答案:A 考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意:如果没有你的慷慨帮助,我不可能度过那么艰难的时期。without your generous help相当于if it hadnt been for your generous help,所以主句用“情态动词完成时形式”表示对过去情况的虚拟,couldnt have done sth.“本来不能做某事(而实际上做到了)”。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版2(2011天津,15)I_sooner but
21、 I didnt know that they were waiting for me.Ahad come Bwas comingCwould come Dwould have come答案:D 本题考查含蓄虚拟语气。由从句内容可知空格处表示对过去情况的假设,故D项正确。句意:我会早点来的,但我不知道他们在等我。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版3(2011北京,30)Maybe if I _ science,and not literature then,I would be able to give you more help.A.studied B.would studyC.h
22、ad studied D.was studying答案:C 本题考查虚拟语气。句意:或许当时如果我不学文学而学自然科学的话,我会给你更多的帮助。if从句若表示不能实现的假设,要用虚拟语气;根据关键词then可知if从句表示过去的动作,故用过去完成时态。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版4(2011福建,34)Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I_it,but I was busy preparing for a job inter-view.Aattended Bhad attendedCwould attend Dwo
23、uld have attended必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版答案:D 本题考查虚拟语气。句意:你错过了有关核污染的演讲真是遗憾。我本想去听来,但我忙着准备工作面试。由语境可知,此处表示“本想去而事实上没去”。为虚拟语气,叙述与过去事实相反,要用would have done,故D项正确。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版5(2011苏锡常镇一调,35)I wont be in for dinner tonight.Well,_ youd told me earlier.AI hope BI wishCI forgot DI remember必修4 专项语法八走向高考
24、 英语 人教实验版答案:B 句意:今晚我不回家吃饭了。真希望你早点告诉我。考查虚拟语气。youd told me earlier为过去完成时,强调对过去的虚拟,而选项中只有wish可以用于虚拟语气。故选B。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版6(2011杭州质检二,16)I _ the poor rabbit,but I didnt have the right drugs with me at that moment.Acould have saved Bhad savedCcould save Dsaved必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版答案:A 句意:我当时本来可以救
25、那只可怜的兔子的,但那时我没有随身带合适的药。考查虚拟语气。语境表明是对过去情况的虚拟,故需用“情态动词的过去式现在完成式”,故选A。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版7(2011杭州质检二,11)We can hardly believe that an intelligent person like Daniel _ be asking such a silly question.Ashould Bmight Cmust Dcould答案:A 句意:我们几乎不能相信像Daniel这样聪明的人居然会问如此愚蠢的问题。考查情态动词。should“居然,竟然”符合语境。必修4 专项语法
26、八走向高考 英语 人教实验版8(2011湖南十二校第二次联考,25)Why did you leave without a word of warning to John?But what _ otherwise?He never listens to me.Acould I do Bmust I have doneCcould I have done Dshould I do必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版答案:C 句意:为什么你不警告John就离开了?不然我还能怎么做呢?他从不听我的话。考查虚拟语气。由上文时态可知应该是对发生过的事情的虚拟,排除A和D。而虚拟语气中不使用倒装,
27、故选C。易错选A。混淆了对不同时间进行虚拟的形式,如果对现在或将来进行虚拟,用could/should/might/would动词原形;如果对过去进行虚拟,应该用could/should/might/wouldhave done。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版9(2011江西九校联考,30)But for the fact that China_ also affected by the global economic crisis,we _ fewer unemployed workers now.Ais;would have Bwere;would haveCwas;woul
28、d have had Dwere;would have had必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版答案:A 句意:要不是现在中国也受到全球经济危机的影响这一事实,我们现在就会有较少的失业工人。考查虚拟语气。从主句时间状语now可知是对现在情况的虚拟,故第二空处选would have;含蓄条件中的核心结构是but for the fact,that引导的句子是fact的同位语从句,其叙述的是现在的事实,故用一般现在时。答案为A。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版10(2011成都三诊,9)You shouldnt have gone there alone last night
29、;it was too dangerous.But I _.Acturally,my father went with me.Adidnt BhadntCwouldnt Dhavent必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版答案:A 句意:你昨天晚上本不应该独自去那儿,太危险了。但是我没有,事实上,是爸爸和我一起去的。考查动词时态。第一句话中的shouldnt have gone表明是对过去情况的虚拟,第二句应该是说的过去的客观事实,故用一般过去时。选A。易错选B。没有意识到shouldnt have gone表示对过去情况的虚拟,也没有注意第二句后半句中的动词用的是过去式(went),说
30、的是过去的事,认为语境为“过去之前”而错选过去完成时。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版11(2011西安模拟)Would you mind if we set out earlier tomorrow morning?Well,Id rather you_.A.dont B.wontC.didnt D.wouldnt答案:C would rather后跟从句时,从句若表示现在或将来,从句中谓语要用一般过去时;若从句表示过去,其谓语用过去完成时。根据语境可知,此处是表示“我希望你们(明早)早出发”。故选C。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版12(2011广州模拟)Can y
31、ou come to attend our party tonight?Sorry,but I do wish I_.A.had B.can C.will D.could答案:D 分析上下文语境可以知道,wish引导的宾语从句表示与将来事实相反的愿望,故应用would/could动词原形。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版13(2011日照模拟)Its important that he_adviceof other people about our work.A.ask B.will askC.must ask D.have asked答案:A 在句型“It is importan
32、t(strange,natural,necessary.)从句”结构中,从句中谓语动词要用“should动词原形”,should可以省略。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版14(2011唐山模拟)If he_his legs in the last training,he_the coming World Cup,which he has been longing to compete in.A.hadnt hurt;would join inB.hadnt hurt;would have taken part inC.didnt hurt;would go in forD.didn
33、t hurt;would have taken part in必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版答案:A 根据句子结构可以知道,该题含if引导的条件状语从句。分析句意,该句表示一种假设,从句中的动作表示与过去事实相反,主句的动作是在将来发生,即表示与将来事实相反,故从句谓语动词用had done,主句用would(could,might)动词原形。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版15(2011杭州模拟)I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour,otherwise I_you waiting for such a long
34、 time.A.will not keep B.have not keptC.had not kept D.would not have kept必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版答案:D 根据句子意义,otherwise前的分句为客观事实,应使用一般过去时,而otherwise后的分句则表示与过去事实相反的一种假设,句中实际省略了if条件句if I hadnt been caught.,故所填部分应为与过去事实相反的主句虚拟结构,应选would not have kept。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版16(2011福州模拟)Did you visit Italy t
35、his winter holiday?No.We_it,but we spent too much time shopping in France.A.could have visitedB.must have visitedC.shall have visited D.need have visited必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版答案:A 考查虚拟语气。表示与过去的事实相反用could/should/would have done的形式。句意:今年寒假你们去参观意大利了吗?没有。我们本来能去参观意大利的,但我们在法国购物的时间太长了。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验
36、版17(2011温州模拟)The woman boss told the customer that it was none of her business and ordered that he_away at once.A.went B.go C.goes D.going答案:B 考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气。此处order后的从句中谓语用should do的形式,should可以省略。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版18(2011厦门适应性考试,33)Its too bad that Ive left my notebook in the dormitory.If only I_
37、it back last night!A.didnt take B.havent takenC.hadnt takenD.wouldnt take答案:C 考查虚拟语气。句意:真糟糕,我把笔记本忘在了宿舍。要是昨晚没有把它带回宿舍该多好啊!if only“要是该多好”,所接从句用过去完成时表示对过去事实的虚拟。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版19(2011南平适应性考试,35)Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we_it without you.Acan manage B.could have manag
38、edCcould manage Dcan have managed答案:B 考查虚拟语气。句意:感谢你上周的辛勤工作。如果没有你,我认为我们不可能做成。由句意可知,“without you”表示了暗含条件,因此主句用could/would/might/shouldhad done表示对过去事实的虚拟。必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版20(2011莆田适应性练习,30)The boy_the first prize,but he was so careless as to make a foolish mistake.A.must have gainedB.need have gainedC.could have gained D.shall have gained必修4 专项语法八走向高考 英语 人教实验版答案:C 考查虚拟语气。句意:那个男孩本来能够获得一等奖的,但是他太粗心犯了一个愚蠢的错误。but he was so careless as to make a foolish mistake可以转换为条件从句if he had not been so careless as to make a foolish mistake,这样就可以转换为虚拟语气的考点了,主句可以用could/would/might/should have done。