1、Section Learning about Language&Using Language读文清障原文呈现HIV/AIDS:ARE YOU AT RISK？HIV is a virus.A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease.There are many different viruses,for example,the flu virus or the SARS virus.HIV weakens a persons immune system;that is,the part of the body that fi
2、ghts disease.You can have HIV in yourat risk 处境危险；遭受危险HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus)人体免疫缺损病毒(艾滋病病毒)SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)非典型性肺炎(严重急性呼吸道综合征)immune/Imjun/adj.有免疫力的读文清障原文呈现 AIDS/eIdz/(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)艾 滋 病(后天免疫缺损综合征)chances 此处指“某事发生的可能性”。survival/svaIvn.幸存blood f
3、or a long time,buteventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease.This stage of the illness is called AIDS.If you develop AIDS,your chances of survival are very small.读文清障原文呈现HIV is spread through blood or the fluid that the body makes during sex.For
4、a person to become infected，blood or sexual fluid that carries the virus,has to get inside the body through broken skin or by injection.One day scientists will find a cure forHIV/AIDS.Until that happens,you need to protect yourself.Here are some things you can do to make sure you stay safe.fluid/flu
5、Id/n.流体；液体sex/seks/n.性；性别infected adj.受感染的a cure for.治疗的方法you can do 是省略引导词 that的定语从句，修饰 some things;you stay safe 是 make sure 的宾语从句。HIV 病毒/艾滋病：你是否面临危险？HIV 是一种病毒(人体免疫缺损病毒)。病毒是引发疾病的微生物。它有许多不同的种类，如流感病毒或 SARS 病毒。HIV 病毒会削弱人体的免疫系统，即身体里与疾病抗衡的那个部分。在你的血液中，HIV 病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严重受损，以致你的身体不能再抵抗疾病。这种疾病到了这
6、个阶段就叫艾滋病。如果你得了艾滋病，幸存的可能性很小。HIV 是通过血液或性交时产生的液体传播的。携带病毒的血液或性交时的液体必须通过皮肤上的创口或通过注射才能进入人体，使人受感染。将来总有一天，科学家会找到医治 HIV 病毒或艾滋病的方法的。在找到之前，你必须保护你自己。你可以按照这里列举的一些注意事项去做，以确保自己的安全：读文清障原文呈现If you inject drugs：do not share your needlewith anyone else.Blood from another person can stay on or in the needle.If a person
7、 has HIV and you use the same needle,you could inject the virus into your own blood.inject/Indekt/vt.注射injection/Indekn/n.注射；注射剂needle/nidl/n.针；(注射器的)针头读文清障原文呈现do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs.Blood could have spilt on it.If you have sex with a maleor a female.
8、use a condom .This will prevent sexual fluid passing from one person to another.could/can have done 可 能会；可能已经spill/spIl/(spilt,spilt)vi.溢出；洒落 vt.使溢出；使洒落male/meIl/n.男人；雄性动(植)物 adj.男性的；雄性的female/fimeIl/n.雌性的动(植)物；女人 adj.女性的condom/kndm/n.避孕套prevent.from doing sth.制止/防止做某事假如你要注射药物：不要同别人共用注射针。别人的血液可能会留在针
9、头内外。如果某人有 HIV 病毒，而你又用了同一个注射针，你就有可能把病毒注入你自己的血液中。在注射药物时，不要使用别人用过的其他任何东西。血液可能会溅到这些物品上来。,假如你同一个男人或女人性交：要使用避孕套。它可以防止性交时产生的液体的传入。读文清障原文呈现The following statements are NOT true.A person cannot get HIV the first time they have sex21.WRONG.If one sexual partner has HIV,the other partner could become infected.
10、21 the first time 意为“第一次的时候”，引导时间状语从句。读文清障原文呈现22 tell 此处表示“判断；辨别”。23 whether or not.是宾语从句。24 现在分词短语作定语，修饰many people。25 此为强调句型，被强调部分为时间状语从句 only when.。You can tell22 by looking at someone whether or not they have HIV23.WRONG.Many people carrying HIV24 look perfectly healthy.It is only when the disea
11、se has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick25.读文清障原文呈现26 homosexual/hmsekl/n.同性恋 adj.同性恋的27 who引导定语从句修饰 anyone，从句中过去分词短语 infected with.作 a person 的后置定语。其 中anyone who.whoever.。28 be likely to do 可能做Only homosexuals26 get AIDS.WRONG.Anyone who has sex with a person infected with HIV/AI
12、DS27 risks getting the virus.Women are slightly more likely to28 become infected than men.下列这些说法都是错误的。初次性交的人不可能染上 HIV 病毒。错了。如果性交的一方有 HIV 病毒，另一方就有可能被传染上。通过观察你可以看出某人是否带有 HIV 病毒。错了。许多HIV 病毒携带者看上去十分健康。只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。只有同性恋才得艾滋病。错了。任何人如果同感染了 HIV 病毒/艾滋病的人性交都有染上这种病毒的危险。女性感染病毒的可能性比男性稍微大一些。读文清障原文呈现29
13、If you hug.,you will get.,if 引导条件状语从句，在含有条件状语从句的主从复合句中，若主句为一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来。30 prejudice/preddIs/n.偏见；成见31 不定式短语 to look after them 作目的状语；when 引导时间状语从句。If you hug,touch or kiss someone with AIDS or visit them in their home,you will get HIV/AIDS29.WRONG.You can only get the disease from blood or s
14、exual fluid.Unfortunately,people with HIV sometimes lose their friends because of prejudice30.Many people are afraid that they will get HIV/AIDS from those infected with HIV/AIDS.For the same reason,some AIDS patients cannot find anyone to look after them when they are sick31.读文清障原文呈现32 evidence n证据
15、evident adj.明显的You can get HIV/AIDS from mosquitoes.WRONG.There is no evidence32 of this.如果你同艾滋病患者拥抱、接触或亲吻，或者去他们家做客，你就会从他们那里感染上 HIV 病毒或得艾滋病。错了。你只可能通过血液或性交时的液体传染上这种病。不幸的是，由于偏见，HIV 病毒携带者有时会失去他们的朋友。许多人担心他们会从HIV 病毒携带者或艾滋病患者那儿染上 HIV 病毒或感染上艾滋病。由于相同的理由，有些艾滋病患者在生病时找不到任何人来照顾他们。蚊子可以传染 HIV 病毒和艾滋病。错了。目前还没有证据说明这
16、一点。.Fast-readingWhat is the main idea of the passage?It introduces the about AIDS/HIV and how it is spread.It also tells us by means of correcting some wrong statements towards AIDS/HIV.basic knowledgehow to stay safe.Careful-readingChoose the best answer according to the passage.1You can get HIV th
17、rough _.Ahaving meals with the patients with AIDSBkissing someone with AIDSCinjecting drugs using the same needleDtouching someone infected with HIV2We can infer from the passage that _.AHIV is the same as AIDSBHIV is different from AIDSCHIV weakens a person s immune systemDyou can have HIV in your
18、blood for quite a long time3In order to stay safe,you _.Ashould not use the needle someone else has usedBhave to avoid using anything else that the person has used while injecting drugsCshould use a condom if you have sex with another oneDall of the above4The passage tells us about _.Asome common un
19、derstanding about HIV/AIDSBwhat HIV/AIDS is and the way of transmittingCways to protect ourselvesDthe definition of HIV/AIDS5The passage is a(n)_.Aadvertisement BstoryCposter Dnews report答案：15 CBDBC.单词拼写1People are at risk of disease when they share (针头)2I was the first to ask him (尴尬的)questions but
20、 there ll be harder ones to come.3To be honest,I have a(n)(偏见)against modern poetry.4His only chance of (幸存)was a heart transplant.5In my(判断),we should make an apology to them.6He looked (尴尬的)when I asked him where he d been.needlesawkwardprejudicesurvivaljudgementembarrassed.拓展词汇1adj.不合法的；违法的legal(
21、反义词)adj.合法的2n看法；判决；判断judge v判决3adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的embarrass vt.使局促不安embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的embarrassment n尴尬，窘迫4male adj.男性的；雄性的 n.男人；雄性动(植)物(反义词)adj.女性的；雌性的 n女人；雌性的动(植)物5n幸存；幸存者survive vi.幸存；活下来illegaljudgementembarrassedfemalesurvival巧记单词联想记单词不了解情况，就提前(pre)作出判断(judge)，肯定有“偏见”prejudice n偏见构词法记单词1.judge(判决
22、)ment(名词后缀)judgement n看法；判决；判断2il(否定前缀)legal(合法的)illegal adj.不合法的；违法的.补全短语1 spite of 不顾；不管2 risks/a risk 冒险3get 陷入；染上(坏习惯)4 risk 处境危险；遭受危险5out of 上气不接下气6make one s mind 下定决心intakeintoatbreathup1教材原句 Doing exercises every day can not only make your muscles stronger but also help you relax.每天做运动不仅能强壮你
23、的肌肉，还能帮助你得到放松。句型点拨 not only.but also.“不仅而且”。佳句赏析(2019全国卷书面表达)我不仅英语说得流利，而且熟悉中国画，因此我非常适合这项工作。I not only speak English fluently,but I am also familiar with Chinese paintings,so I am very fit for the job.2教材原句 Do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs.在注射药物时，不得共用患者所用的其他东西。句
24、型点拨 状语从句的省略。佳句赏析(20176 月浙江高考满分作文)按计划，我们将在七点钟在学校大门口乘公交车出发。As planned,we will leave by bus at 7：00 am at the school gate.3.教材原句 It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。句型点拨 强调句型：it is/was被强调部分that/who句子其他成分。佳句赏析(2016北京高考满分作文)正是魏源，在他的书
25、海国图志中首先向中国引进了现代技术和理念。It was Wei Yuan,in his book,Haiguo Tuzhi,who first introduced modern technologies and ideas to China.1In spite of all his efforts he failed.He was so upset about himself that he felt like crying.(P20)尽管他很努力还是失败了，他伤心地想哭。in spite of 不顾；不管(1)in spite of 与 despite 同义，常可换用。in spite o
26、f 为普通用语，despite 多用于书面语言，despite 不与 of 连用。in spite of/despite the fact that.(同位语从句)(2)regardless of 不管，不顾(3)although,though,as 作“虽然，尽管”讲时，是连词，引导让步状语从句。although 引导让步状语从句不倒装；though引导让步状语从句可以使用倒装；也可不用；as 引导让步状语从句必须倒装。He was there on the stroke in spite of the rain.尽管下雨，他还是准时到了。(Although/Though)doctors h
27、ave warned that smoking does harm to health，people still keep on smoking.尽管医生已经警告说吸烟有害健康，人们还是继续吸烟。Bad,we stuck to our plan of swimming.尽管天气恶劣，我们仍然坚持按计划游泳。In spite of/Despite the fact thatas/though the weather was2He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.(P20)他觉得每一步都得作
28、出决定而不是冒险。take risks/a risk 冒险(1)take/run the risk of doing sth.冒险做某事at risk 有风险at the risk of.冒着风险(2)risk doing sth.冒险做某事risk ones life to do sth.冒着生命危险做某事Whatever you do,dont take unnecessary risks.无论你做什么，都不要冒不必要的风险。He saved the drowning boy his own life.他冒着生命危险救了那个溺水的男孩。He got well prepared for th
29、e job interview,for he couldnt risk (lose)the good opportunity.他对面试作了充分的准备，因为他不想冒失去这一次好机会的危险。at the risk oflosing3Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place!(P20)当然，对付毒品的最好的方法是从一开始就别养成(吸毒的)习惯！get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)get into/form the habit of 养成的习惯get
30、into trouble 陷入麻烦/困境get across (使)通过；(使)被理解；(把)讲清楚get along 进展；相处get down to 认真工作get over 爬过；越过；克服困难；痊愈get through 穿越(马路)；通过；接通电话；经历Innocent people get into trouble on account of othersmisfortune.城门失火，殃及池鱼。How can I get it to him how important this is?我怎么做才能让他理解这件事的重要性？A smile can help us difficult
31、situations and find friends in a world of strangers.微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在都是陌生人的世界中找到朋友。acrossget through4Before you read this text,what judgements did you make about people with HIV/AIDS?(P23)在阅读这篇课文之前，你对感染艾滋病病毒的人有什么看法？judgement n看法；判断；判决(1)in ones judgement 在某人看来pass judgement on 作出裁决make a judgement on/a
32、bout.对作出判断(2)judge n.法官；裁判员 vt.&vi.判决；判断；断定judge.from/by.根据来判断judge sb./sth.to be.判断某人/事是judging by/from.根据来判断He passed judgement on the guilty man.他对那个罪犯作出了裁决。In my judgement,we should accept their apology.依我看，我们应该接受他们的道歉。He agreed to the movie.他同意对这部电影作出评价。make a judgement aboutAccording to what h
33、e said,we can an optimistic boy.根据他所说的话，我们可以判断他是一个乐观的男孩。the response of the audience,the performance was quite a success.从观众的反应看来，这是一次相当成功的演出。judge him to beJudging by/from点津 judging from/by 常看作是固定短语，在句子中一般作状语，即独立成分，judging 不能换成 judged。5Then she offered me a cigarette and I felt so embarrassedand aw
34、kward.(P24)然后她递给我一支烟，我感到非常尴尬与不安。embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的(1)be/feel embarrassedabout/at sth.对感到难为情to do sth.对做感到难为情(2)embarrassing adj.令人为难的embarrass vt.使局促不安；使尴尬；使困惑embarrassment n.困惑；尴尬to ones embarrassment 使某人尴尬的是I felt embarrassed about how untidy the house was.这房子太不整洁了，我对此感到很难为情。He was very emb
35、arrassed (hear)people speak so highly of him.他听见别人这样夸他，感到很难为情。When the same happens to us,it takes us a long time to get out of the (embarrass)当同样的情境在我们自己身上发生时，我们往往好长时间不能从尴尬中走出来。to hearembarrassmentDo not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs.(P22)注射药物时，不要共用患者所用的其他东西。while
36、 injecting drugs 是一个省略句，补全后为 while you are injecting drugs。省略句的条件(1)when,while,though,even if,unless,if,as if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it(2)状语从句谓语中含有be动词省略句的形式省略从句中的主语和be动词In class,wed better try hard to follow our teacher as much as possible while(we are)taking notes.上课记笔记时，我们要尽可能地努力紧跟老师(讲课)的步骤。She
37、smiled how to spend the prize money.当被问及如何花这笔奖金时，她笑了起来。,youd better not refer to the dictionary.除非有必要，否则你最好不要查词典。when askedUnless necessary助记 状语从句中的省略记忆口诀：省略句，真容易，主从主语须统一；从句若有 it be，可用省略不怀疑；主动“连词”，被动“连词”。课时跟踪检测 .单句语法填空1The young lady (infect)the children with her enthusiasm for music.2He achieved hi
38、s aim more by luck than (judge)3Playing computer games is highly (addict).Once you get addicted it,you will find it hard to get rid of it.infectedjudgementaddictiveto4John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of are family members.5India attained independence in 1947,after long struggle.6(lis
39、ten)to the songs of Song Zuying is a pleasant thing for me.7He has got the habit of smoking.8By criticizing her boss,she risked (lose)her position.9 spite of all my efforts I failed to pass the job interview.10A cure AIDS hasn t been found yet.whomaListeningintolosingInfor11It s only when I failed I
40、 found I was lazy.12So homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest.13Though many of the heavy smokers have realized the serious effect that smoking has their health,they continue to smoke instead of (quit)14It doesn t matter you pay by cash or credit card in this store.15Thank you
41、for reminding me that.thatmuchonquittingwhetherof.句型转换1The war broke out,and many innocent people were in danger of losing their lives.The war broke out,and many innocent people were losing their lives.2Despite many difficulties,he managed to get through the experiment.many difficulties,he managed t
42、o get through the experiment.at therisk ofIn spite of3Her son has fallen into the bad habit of surfing the Internet.Her son has the bad habit of surfing the Internet.4After graduation,they decided to go and settle in the countryside.After graduation,they to go and settle in the countryside.got intom
43、ade up their minds.一句多译1他不能冒险失去这一次好机会。He could not the good chance.(risk n)He could not losing the good chance.(risk n)He could not the good chance.(risk v)2尽管他腿部受了伤，但他还是设法爬上了楼。,he managed to get up the stairs.(简单句),he managed to get up the stairs.(复合句),he managed to get up the stairs.(倒装句)take a risk/risks to losetake/run the risk ofrisk losingIn spite of/Despite his wounded legAlthough/Though/In spite of the fact that his leg was woundedWounded as/though his leg was “课下巩固提升”见“Unit 3 课时跟踪检测（三）”(单击进入电子文档)谢谢 观 看
