1、专 题 突 破 第 二 部 分 第一板块 阅读专题一 阅读理解第4讲 主旨大意题栏目导航02 高 考 例 析 03 追 踪 练 习 04 课 后 作 业 01 考 点 突 破 01 考 点 突 破(2019全国卷I,D)During the rosy years of elementary school(小学),I enjoyed sharing my dolls andjokes,which allowed me to keep my high social status.I was the queen of theplayground.Then came my tweens and tee
2、ns,and mean girls and cool kids.They rose inthe ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes,breaking rules and playing jokeson others,among whom I soon found myself.02 高 考 例 析 Popularity is a wellexplored subject in social psychology.Mitch Prinstein,aprofessor of clinical psychology sorts
3、the popular into two categories:the likable and thestatus seekers.The likables playswellwithothers qualities strengthen schoolyardfriendships,jumpstart interpersonal skills and,when tapped early,are employed everafter in life and work.Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:st
4、atus born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed,Dr.Prinsteins studies show unpleasantconsequences.Those who were highest in status in high school,as well as those least likedin elementary school,are“most likely to engage(从 事)in dangerous and riskybehavior.
5、”In one study,Dr.Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents,scoring the least liked,the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究)“We found that the least wellliked teens had become more aggressive overtime toward their classmates.But so had those who
6、were high in status.It clearly showedthat while likability can lead to healthy adjustment,high status has just the opposite effecton us.”Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on aplay datesharing,kindness,opennesscarry over to later years and make you better
7、able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research,Dr.Prinstein came to another conclusion:Notonly is likability related to positive life outcomes,but it is also responsible for thoseoutcomes,too.“Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of lifeexperie
8、nces that help somebody gain an advantage,”he said.()1.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?AUnkind.BLonely.CGenerous.DCool.()2.What is the second paragraph mainly about?AThe classification of the popular.BThe characteristics of adolescents.CThe importance of inte
9、rpersonal skills.DThe causes of dishonorable behavior.()3.What did Dr.Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?AThey appeared to be aggressive.BThey tended to be more adaptable.CThey enjoyed the highest status.DThey performed well academically.()4.What is the best title for the text?ABe NiceY
10、ou Wont Finish LastBThe Higher the Status,the BetterCBe the BestYou Can Make ItDMore SelfControl,Less Aggressiveness【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，说明学生时代受欢迎与被喜欢与人生发展和机遇的关联。【思路点拨】1C 细节理解题。文章开篇形容小学时候的自己的关键词有：“rosy”“enjoy sharing”“high social status”和“queen”。故可知，她是大方的、慷慨的。A和B两项很容易被排除。接着是“Then came my tweens and teens,a
11、nd mean girls andcool kids”，mean的意思是“刻薄的”，cool在语境中的语意要根据后面所列举的事例来判断，她们是通过抽烟，违反纪律和作弄别人来表现自己，cool在此的语意就是“装酷，扮酷”，因此并非是答案。故答案是C。2A 主旨大意题。核心句子在第二段的第二句：一名临床心理学教授把受欢迎分为两类。这样核心词汇就定下来了是popular或是popularity，四个选项中只有A选项含有这个词，另外A选项中的classification就是分类的意思，所以答案是A。3B 推理判断题。问的是最受人喜欢的孩子。注意区别“好斗的”是那些不受人喜欢的和地位高的孩子，而受人喜欢
12、的孩子通常会“做出健康的调整”，邻居喜欢他们跟自己的孩子玩，他们分享，善良并且率真，日后他们会更好地与他人相处。所以他们会更易于适应，答案是B。4A 主旨大意题。注意抓住主旨要义，文章并不是在说人们地位越高越好，也没有鼓励说做最好的，你能行，也没有在论证多些自控，少些攻击性，而是在提倡友好，做受欢迎的孩子，文章最后一句话也是扣题的。A选项中的You WontFinish Last可理解为“你将会有无穷的收获”。(2018全国卷，B)Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa everymor
13、ning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how toprepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the helpof chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipe
14、sfor under 5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes beenable to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals forsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.“We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexicantakeaway restaurant，”she e
15、xplains.“I pay 5 for a portion(一份),but Matt makesthem for 26p a portion,because they are flour,water,sugar and oil.Everybody can buytakeaway food,but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this foodourselves.”The eightpart series(系列节目),Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footstepsof ITVs S
16、ave Money:Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how to get value fromthe vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time witha different family each week.In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family inneed of so
17、me delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the familys longweekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.()1.What do we know about Susanna Reid?AShe enjoys embarrassing her guests.BShe has started a new programme.CShe dislikes working early in the morning.DShe has
18、had a light budget for her family.()2.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?AHe buys cooking materials for her.BHe prepares food for her kids.CHe assists her in cooking matters.DHe invites guest families for her.()3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?ASummarize the previous paragraphs.BPr
19、ovide some advice for the readers.CAdd some background information.DIntroduce a new topic for discussion.()4.What can be a suitable title for the text?AKeeping Fit by Eating SmartBBalancing Our Daily DietCMaking Yourself a Perfect ChefDCooking Well for Less【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国系列电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪
20、费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。【思路点拨】1B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Good Morning Britains SusannaReid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm inher latest role ”可知，她开辟了一个新的节目。故选B。2C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“In Save Money:Good Food,shevisits a different home each week and with the help of ch
21、ef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips onhow to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.”可知，Susanna 在Matt Tebbutt的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱。故选C。3C 写作意图题。根据文章第四段中的“which gave viewers advice on how toget value from the vast range of health products on the market”可知，S
22、ave Money:GoodFood节目是在Save Money:Good Health节目之后，给观众一些建议：如何从众多的市场上的健康产品中获取价值。故选C。4D 主旨大意题。根据文章的整体内容可知，文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。根据文章第一段最后一句中的“prepare delicious and nutritiousmeals on a tight budget”在资金紧张的情况下，准备可口且有营养的饭菜；第二段中的“how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day”
23、如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱；第三段最后一句话中的“how cheaply we can make this food ourselves”自己做这种食物有多便宜；及全文最后一句话中的“less expensive but still tasty recipes”不贵可仍然可口的食谱。可以推知D正确。03 追 踪 练 习(2019全国卷，D)Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts.The microorganisms(微生物)fromour bodies grow uncontrollably on sur
24、faces of the International Space Station,soastronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.How is NASA overcoming this verytiny big problem?Its turning to a bunch of high school kids.But not just any kids.It isdepending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms,like the one science teachers GeneGordon
25、and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport,New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.Forthe past two years,Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zerogravity,and they think theyre close to a solution(解决方案).“We dont give
26、the studentsany breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers，”says Florence Gold,aproject manager.“There are no tests，”Gordon says.“There is no graded homework.Therealmost are no grades,other thanAre you working towards your goal？Basically,itsIve got to produce this product and then,at the end
27、 of year,present it to NASA.Engineers come and really do an inperson review,andits not a very nice thing attimes.Its a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响)on college admissions andpractical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that
28、 I just sit back.I dontteach.”And that annoying bacteria?Gordon says his students are emailing daily withNASA engineers about the problem,readying a workable solution to test in space.()1.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?AThey are hard to get rid of.BThey lead to
29、 air pollution.CThey appear different forms.DThey damage the instruments.()2.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?ATo strengthen teacherstudent relationships.BTo sharpen students communication skills.CTo allow students to experience zero gravity.DTo link space technology with school education.()
30、3.What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?ACheck their product.BGuide project designs.CAdjust work schedules.DGrade their homework.()4.What is the best title for the text?ANASA:The Home of AstronautsBSpace:The Final Homework FrontierCNature:An Outdoor ClassroomDHUNCH:A College
31、Admission Reform【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。它以“细菌对于宇航员来说是个讨厌的主题作为切入点，介绍了HUNCH项目，突出校园与NASA合作促进教学的优势。”1A 细节理解题。由第一段“The microorganisms from our bodies eachweek.”可知，在宇宙空间站，细菌很难被摆脱掉。故选A。2D 推理判断题。由第二段“HUNCH is designed to connect high schoolclassrooms with NASA engineers.”可知该项目旨在促进空间技术和学校教育之间的联系，故选D。3A 细节理解题。由第三段“Engineers come and really do an inpersonreview,and its not a very nice thing at times.”可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局(NASA)的工程师会对学生们的产品亲自进行评估，故选A。4B 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Gordon says his students are emailingworkable solution to test in space.”可知本文的最佳标题是：空间站：前沿的终极作业；故选B。04 课 后 作 业 谢谢观看
