1、Unit 2 Onwards and upwardsSection Grammar(v.-ing形式作宾语与动词不定式作宾语)用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.(教材P14)These are the words that every writer dreads receiving(receive), but words every writer knows well. 2.(教材P15)After a total of twelve rejections, one publisher eventually agreed to print (print) 500 copies of her fi
2、rst book. 3.(教材P15)J.D.Salinger started writing/to write (write) short stories in high school, but later struggled to get (get) his works published. 4.(教材P15)Despite rejections from several publishers, J.D.Salinger refused to give (give) up. 5.(教材P15)Perhaps the overall prize for perseverance should
3、 go to three sisters from Victorian England who dreamt of seeing(see) their words in print.一、接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词和动词短语1.英语中有些及物动词后面直接接v.-ing形式作宾语,常见动词有: enjoy(喜欢), finish(结束), avoid(避免), admit(承认), practise(练习), consider(考虑), imagine(想象), keep(继续,重复), advise(建议), suggest(建议), appreciate(感激), allow(允许), p
4、ermit(允许), forbid(禁止), mind(介意), miss(错过), excuse(原谅), risk(冒险), escape(避免,避开)等。I first considered writing to her but then decided to see her.我起先考虑写信给她,但后来决定去见她。It is very important that we should practice speaking English every day.我们每天练习说英语是很重要的。误区警示advise, allow, permit, forbid等词后直接接v.-ing形式作宾语,
5、如果后面有名词、 代词作宾语, 则其后用不定式作宾语补足语。即allow/advise/forbid/permitdoing sth.sb. to do sth.Teachers dont allow speaking loudly in class.老师不允许在课堂上大声说话。Teachers dont allow us to speak loudly in class.老师不允许我们在课堂上大声说话。2.常接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词短语:be good at(擅长), lead to(引起,导致), give up(放弃), look forward to(盼望), feel like
6、(想要), be/get used to(习惯于), pay attention to(注意,重视), be fond of(喜欢), cant help(禁不住), put off(推迟), keep on(继续), get down to(着手做),be busy(忙于), be worth(值得), have difficulty/trouble/problems (in)(有困难)等。I dont get used to getting up so early in the morning.我不习惯早晨起那么早。I have been looking forward to hearin
7、g from you.我一直盼望着收到你的来信。巧学助记歌诀巧记:常接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语):建议考虑坚持练,(suggest,advise,consider,insist on, practise)允许想象弃冒险,(permit,allow,imagine,give up,risk)阻止抵抗否逃脱,(prevent,resist,deny,escape)不禁介意保持完,(cant help,mind,keep,finish)耽误推迟求原谅,(delay,put off,require,forgive,excuse)承认错过欣喜欢。(admit,miss,appreciate,e
8、njoy)二、动词不定式作宾语不定式作宾语时,往往跟在某些及物动词后面,常见的有:agree(同意),offer(提出),intend/plan(打算,计划),demand(要求),promise(答应),help(帮忙),prepare(准备),decide(决定),refuse(拒绝),dare(敢于),choose(选择),wish/hope/want/expect(希望,想要),fail(未能),pretend(假装),manage(设法),determine(决心),beg(恳求,祈求),arrange(安排,准备),threaten(威胁),claim(声称),aim(以为目标),
9、hesitate(犹豫不决)等。They managed to finish the work on time.他们设法按时完成了工作。He failed to paste the poster on the wall.他没能把海报贴到墙上。巧学助记歌诀巧记:常接不定式作宾语的动词:同意提出做计划,要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝,敢于选择有希望。未能做到莫假装,设法做成决心强。恳求安排又威胁,声称目标不犹豫。三、既接v.-ing形式又接不定式作宾语的动词1.接v.-ing/不定式作宾语时意义差别很大的动词(短语)。动词/短语to do sth.doing sth.remember记住要做记得做
10、过doing sth.forget忘记了要做忘记了做过try努力做试着做mean打算做意味着stop停下来做(另外一件事)停止做(正在做的事)go on接着再做(不同的事)继续做(同一件事)regret遗憾要做后悔做了cant help不能帮忙做情不自禁做I shall never forget seeing the famous writer.我永远不会忘记见过那位著名作家。Dont forget to write to your mother.不要忘了给你母亲写信。I really regret missing/having missed his lecture.我没能听他的讲座真遗憾。I
11、 regret to say that I am unable to help him.我很遗憾地说,我不能帮助他。2.接v.-ing形式/不定式作宾语意义差别不大的动词。(1)begin/start后跟不定式或v.-ing形式作宾语时意思通常无差别。Tom began learning/to learn how to use a computer.汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。(2)like/love/hate/prefer后跟两种形式时意思差别不大,接v.-ing形式作宾语时,通常表示习惯性或一般性的动作;接不定式作宾语时,表示具体的、一次性动作。 They prefer staying in
12、door when it is cold.天冷时他们喜欢待在室内。Would you prefer to stay at home or go to the movies with us this evening?今晚你想待在家里还是和我们一起去看电影呢?名师点津动词need, require, want等作“需要”讲时,若主语与后面的动词构成被动关系,其后必须用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。即need/want/require+doing/to be done。There is something wrong with this bicycle. It needs re
13、pairing/to be repaired.这个自行车出问题了,需要修理了。.单句填空1.(2019浙江卷,语法填空)One study in America found that students grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didnt want to wear (wear)the uniform. 2.(2018浙江卷,语法填空)I still remember visiting (visit) a friend whod lived here for f
14、ive years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.3.(2018天津卷)I didnt mean to eat anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help trying (try)it. 4.Please stop talking(talk), boys. I have something important to tell you.5.Nobody in the class admitted break
15、ing(break) the window.6.I want to wash my clothes. Do your clothes need washing/to be washed(wash)?7.As a young man, he is not allowed to stay(stay)out late.8.I cant stand working(work) with Jane in the same office, as it is not easy to talk (talk) with her. 9.Mr. and Mrs. White bought a tent just n
16、ow, for they are considering going(go) camping this weekend.10.I am looking forward to returning(return) to school soon, for I have stayed at home for such a long time.11.I regret to tell (tell)you that I have forgotten to bring (bring) the book you want.12.In remote areas of this country, missing a
17、 bus means waiting (wait) for another two hours. .语法与主题写作1.写作要点根据本单元所学语法知识和主题知识补全句子。毫无疑问,每个人小时候都喜欢追求自己的梦想。Theres no doubt that everyone enjoys pursuing their dreams at an early age. 也许,你只是想象到山的另一边旅行,或者触摸一下邻家女孩每天傍晚都弹奏的钢琴。Perhaps, you just imaginetraveling beyond the mountain or touching the piano tha
18、t the girl next door plays every evening. 上小学的时候,你承认你的目标是成为一名律师。When at primary school, you admitted aiming to become a lawyer. 一旦你决定做某事,就应该毫不犹豫地去实现它。Once you decide to do something, you shouldnt hesitate to achieve it. 只要你能脚踏实地一步一步完成,这一小步最终会通向成功。As long as you can get down to finishing it step by s
19、tep, the small step eventually leads to success. 2.串句成文将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。Theres no doubt that everyone enjoys pursuing their dreams at an early age. Perhaps, you just imagine traveling beyond the mountain or touching the piano that the girl next door plays every evening. When at primary school, you admitted aiming to become a lawyer. Once you decide to do something, you shouldnt hesitate to achieve it. As long as you can get down to finishing it step by step, the small step eventually leads to success.
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