1、Unit 4Global warming课时作业.阅读A(2020山西省祁县中学高三月考)College students may find a greener campus when they return to classes this fall. Some schools are repairing older buildings and constructing new ones that are better for the environment. Other steps include adding wind and solar energy systems and planti
2、ng vegetable gardens.George Washington University (GW) is a private school with 200,000 students. The university has two gardens where students volunteer their time.Over the last ten years GW has developed projects in three main areasclimate, water and ecosystems. They have begun to create projects
3、on the ground to address climate change. They are planning on becoming carbonneutral (平衡的) and, in fact, reducing the_footprint by forty percent by 2025, from creating solar hotwater systems on our rooftops to making our buildings much more energy efficient. The school also offers 140 different clas
4、ses in sustainability (可持续性发展) and the environment.Mark Orlouski said, “We see numbers like less than 20% of school having a green building policy five years ago and now upwards of 80% of schools having a policy, which states that their new buildings will be built in a green fashion.”GW is located i
5、n the Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington. Some neighbors say that while GW is laying to be friendlier to the environment, it could also be a better friend to the neighborhood. The school has expanded quickly and there have been tensions between students and local residents.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了
6、乔治华盛顿大学的绿色校园环保政策及计划。1The greener campus project aims majorly at .Awelcoming students in the new termBrepairing and constructing buildingsCadding wind and solar energy systemsDmaking schools environmentally friendly答案：D细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“better for the environment”可知，绿色校园计划是为了使校园更环保。A项文中未提及，B、C两项是具体做法。故
7、选D。2What do the underlined words “the footprint” in Paragraph 3 refer to?AThe climate change.BThe quantity of water.CThe production of carbon.DThe main areas of the project.答案：B词义猜测题。根据下文提到的“solar hotwater systems”可知，the footprint指的是水量。故选B。3What can be inferred from Paragraph 5?AGreen efforts have a
8、lready brought in benefits.BHigh school students prefer choosing a greener college.CGreen building policies attract more high school students.DColleges are making efforts to meet the needs of students.答案：C推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“The school has expanded quickly and there have been tensions between students a
9、nd local residents.”可知，绿色校园政策让学校发展得很快，从而可以推断出，绿色校园环保政策吸引更多的高中生。故选C。4Which one of the problems is GW now facing?AIt hasnt been so friendly to its neighbors.BThere have been no green building policies.CRainwater collecting costs too much money.DThe students are making too many efforts.答案：A推理判断题。根据文章第五
10、段中的“The school has expanded quickly and there have been tensions between students and local residents.”可知，学校迅速发展造成了学生与当地居民的关系紧张，从而可以推断出，学校的发展导致学校与当地居民关系不太友好。故选A。【词汇积累】construct v. 建筑；修建；建造address v. 设法解决；处理energy efficient 节能【佳句背诵】Some neighbors say that while GW is laying to be friendlier to the en
11、vironment, it could also be a better friend to the neighborhood.一些邻居说，在乔治华盛顿大学设法对环境更友好时，它也可以成为邻居更好的朋友。B(2020河南省平顶山市高三阶段性检测)The worlds oceans will likely lose about onesixth of their fish and other creatures within 100 years if climate change continues on its current path. Every degree Celsius that t
12、he worlds oceans warm, their biomass is expected to drop five percent, a study found.The study predicts that if there is no change in the rate of worldwide greenhouse gas production, there will be a 17percent loss of biomass by the year 2100. But, if the world reduces carbon pollution, biomass losse
13、s could be limited to only about 5 percent.Warming temperatures are the biggest issue. But climate change also produces oceans that are more acidic and have less oxygen. This also harms sea life. Much of the world depends on the oceans for food or work.The findings make sense and the possible effect
14、s of the predicted losses of animal life are huge. “Climate change has the potential to cause serious new conflicts over ocean resource use as the human population continues to grow，” said scientists.Marine biologist Boris Worm, who helped run the study, added that the “building blocks of marine lif
15、eplankton and bacteriamay decline less heavily.”“Those marine animals that we use directly, and care about most deeply, are predicted to suffer the most，” said Worm. He works at Canadas Dalehousie University.Scientists had already believed climate change would likely reduce future ocean life. But pa
16、st computerbased studies looked at only part of the picture or used only one model. The latest study used six different computer models to give the best picture look yet, William Cheung said.University of Georgia marine biologist Samantha Joye was not part of the research. But she praised the study
17、as well researched and extremely detailed, and called it “an urgent call for action”.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章谈论的是气候变暖对海洋生物影响的话题。研究发现，如果气候变化继续以目前的速度发展，100年内，世界海洋可能会失去大约六分之一的鱼类和其他生物。5What does the underlined word “biomass” in Paragraph 1 refer to?AOcean temperature.BTotal marine life.CSea condition.DOcean lev
18、el.答案：B词义猜测题。根据前面的“The worlds oceans will likely lose about onesixth of their fish and other creatures . current path.”可知，如果气候变化继续以目前的速度发展，100年内，世界海洋可能会失去大约六分之一的鱼类和其他生物。biomass指的是海洋生物的总量。故选B。6Why do scientists think that climate change might cause conflicts?AIt may reduce the sea resource.BIt leads
19、to the extinction of marine life.CIt pollutes the environment of the ocean.DIt may increase the world population.答案：A推理判断题。根据第四段中“Climate change has the potential to cause serious new conflicts over ocean resource use as the human population continues to grow (随着人口的持续增长，气候变化有可能在海洋资源利用方面引发严重的新冲突)”以及第
20、五段中“building blocks of marine lifeplankton and bacteriamay decline less heavily (海洋生物的组成部分浮游生物和细菌可能减少得不那么严重)”可知，科学家认为，气候变暖使海洋资源减少，人口持续增多，导致人类为争夺海洋资源而引发严重的新冲突。故选A。7Which sea animals will be harmed the worst by sea warming?AThe largest ones.BThe ones in deep oceans.CThe bacteria on sea surface.DThose
21、we humans need most.答案：D细节理解题。根据第六段第一句中的“Those marine animals that we use directly, and care about most deeply, are predicted to suffer the most. (那些我们直接使用和最关心的海洋动物，预计将遭受最严重的损失。)”可知，那些我们人类最需要的海洋动物，预计将遭受最严重的伤害。故选D。8What makes this study different from previous studies according to William Cheung?APur
22、pose of the study on oceans.BComputers used in the research.CImprovement of research methods.DDiscovery of damage of climate change.答案：C细节理解题。根据第七段最后一句“The latest study used six different computer models to give the best picture look yet, William Cheung said. (WilliamCheung说，这项最新的研究使用了六种不同的电脑模型来呈现最佳
23、画面。)”可知，此人说，最新的研究使用了6种不同的电脑模型，以获得迄今为止最好的图像效果。与以往研究不同的是研究方法的改进。故选C。【词汇积累】acidic adj. 酸性的marine adj. 海的；海产的；海生的make sense 有意义；讲得通；言之有理【佳句背诵】Much of the world depends on the oceans for food or work.世界上许多地方依赖海洋提供食物或工作。C(2019浙江高考)California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a stud
24、y to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor (因素).The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the
25、Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who wa
26、s the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源).But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s
27、and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The
28、researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪).Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the bi
29、ggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要表明，加利福尼亚州的大树变少了，而气候变化是其中的一个主要因素。9What is the second parag
30、raph mainly about?AThe seriousness of bigtree loss in California.BThe increasing variety of California big trees.CThe distribution of big trees in California forests.DThe influence of farming on big trees in California.答案：A主旨大意题。第二段中通过列举一系列数字表明，加利福尼亚州的大树减少的严重性，故A项正确。10Which of the following is welli
31、ntentioned but may be bad for big trees?AEcological studies of forests.BBanning woodcutting.CLimiting housing development.DFire control measures.答案：D推理判断题。文章第三段提到了造成加利福尼亚州的大树减少的三个因素：woodcutters，housing development与aggressive wildfire control。前两个因素直接与大树的减少有关，如果能控制住，大树就不会减少；而第三个因素控制野火的措施使得加利福尼亚州的森林里满是
32、跟大树争夺资源的小树，初衷是为了控制野火，但实则对大树不利，故D项正确。11What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?AInadequate snowmelt.BA longer dry season.CA warmer climate.DDampness of the air.答案：C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“. the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures .”可知，
33、水资源不足的主要原因就是气温升高，即更加温暖的气候，故C项正确。12What can be a suitable title for the text?ACalifornias Forests：Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?BCutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonCWhy Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?DPatrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California答案：A标
34、题判断题。本文是一篇说明文，第一段就点出主题：California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s。后面具体分析了加利福尼亚州大树的现状、造成大树减少的原因等，故A项正确。【词汇积累】ecologist n. 生态学家aggressive adj. 声势浩大的；富于攻击性的wildland n. 荒地；林野take into account 考虑【长难句分析】Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compe
35、te with big trees for resources (资源).积极控制野火使得加州的森林里挤满了与大树争夺资源的小树。分析：此句是主从复合句。Aggressive wildfire control has left California是“主谓宾”，crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources是过去分词短语作宾语补足语，在此短语中that compete with big trees for resources是定语从句修饰small trees。.语法填空(2020南昌市重点中学高三年级段考试
36、题)Power walking is a style of walking performed at a rapid, energetic pace. There is no special 1 (require) for you to start except a pair of comfortable walking shoes, and love for fresh outdoor air.Power walking offers many benefits. Walking at a quick pace of 4 mph 2 (burn) around 300 calories pe
37、r hour. 3 (consequent), power walking, in addition to a healthy diet, helps manage your weight. Also, power walking decreases the risks of serious 4 (disease) like high blood pressure, heart attack and certain types of cancers.Power walking helps reduce the stress associated with daytoday living, 5
38、(remove) yourself from the busy home atmosphere or 6 (stress) office environment for power walking can leave you refreshed and energetic.Power walking uses both upper and lower body strength, 7 results in stronger muscles and bones. And 8 (improve) body condition makes 9 easy for you to carry out da
39、ily tasks.Power walking can transport you to your destination. You not just avoid the need for a car 10 save money on gas as well. If the family dog needs a walk and you need a workout, power walking is a convenient way to do both at the same time. This activity fits all different lifestyles.12.3.4.
40、56.7.8.910.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。快走是一种以快速、充满活力的步速进行的散步。快走有诸多好处，包括控制体重、减少疾病、减少生活压力、强身健体等。1requirement考查词性转换。设空处前的special是形容词，作定语，修饰名词，且此处为there be句型，be动词为is，故填名词单数requirement “所需的东西”。2burns考查主谓一致和动词的时态。Walking at a quick pace of 4 mph是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式；本句讲述的是客观情况，所以用一般现在时，故填burns。3Consequently考查词性转换。分析句子成分
41、可知，设空处放在句首，修饰整个句子，作状语，应用其副词形式。4diseases考查名词。根据设空处后的“like high blood pressure . cancers”可知，设空处表示各种各样的疾病，故用名词的复数形式。5removing考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，remove和句子主语Power walking为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填现在分词removing。6stressful考查词性转换。设空处作定语，修饰后面的名词词组office environment，故填形容词stressful “充满压力的，紧张的”。7which考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个主句，设空处在从句中作主语，故填which。8improved考查非谓语动词。设空处修饰名词词组body condition (身体状况)，此处用过去分词improved 作定语，表示“已改善的”。9it考查代词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用it作形式宾语，句中形容词作宾语补足语，后面的不定式是真正的宾语。10but考查固定用法。not just/only . but (also)是固定用法，意思是“不但而且”。