1、阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Rivers may be a significant source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (一氧化二氮), scientists now find. Their calculation suggests that across the globe the waterways contribute three times the amount of nitrous oxide to the atmosphere as had been estimated by the I
2、nternational Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the United Nations scientific body charged with reviewing climate change research. They found that the amount of nitrous oxide produced in streams is related to human activities that release nitrogen (氮) into the environment, such as fertilizer use and se
3、wage discharges. “Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion and intensive agriculture, have increased the availability of nitrogen in the environment,” said Jake Beaulieu of the University of Notre Dame and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Cincinnati, Ohio, and lead author of the
4、 paper published this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. “Much of this nitrogen is transported into river and stream networks,” Beaulieu said. There, microbes (微生物) convert the nitrogen into nitrous oxide (also called laughing gas) and an inert gas called dinitrogen
5、 (二氮). The finding is important, the researchers say, because nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and destruction of the stratospheres ozone layer, which protects us from the suns harmful ultraviolet (紫外线) radiation. Compared with carbon dioxide, nitrous oxi
6、de is 300-fold more powerful in terms of its warming potential, though carbon dioxide is a far more common greenhouse gas. Scientists estimate nitrous oxide accounts for about 6 percent of human-induced climate change. Beaulieu and colleagues measured nitrous oxide production rates in 72 streams. Wh
7、en summed across the globe, the results showed rivers and streams are the source of at least 10 percent of human-caused nitrous oxide emissions to the atmosphere. “Changes in agricultural and land-use practices that result in less nitrogen being delivered to streams would reduce nitrous oxide emissi
8、ons from river networks,” Beaulieu said.1. From the second paragraph we can learn. A. actually rivers give off much more nitrous oxide than expectedB. scientists calculation is totally wrongC. human activities release nitrous oxide in to the riversD. there is no nitrogen in fertilizer2. Which of the
9、 following is NOT the source of nitrogen? A. Fertilizer use. B. Sewage discharges. C. Fossil fuel combustion. D. Climate change. 3. Nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas because. A. it can protect us from the suns harmful ultraviolet radiationB. it is to blame for most of human-induced climate
10、changeC. it is a far more common greenhouse gasD. it has much more warming potential than carbon dioxide4. What does the passage mainly tells us? A. Rivers may be a source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. B. Its human activities that release nitrogen into the environment. C. How to reduce nitrou
11、s oxide emissions from river networksD What to do with the climate change caused by nitrous oxide. 【参考答案】14、ADDA 【2013界广东深圳市第二次调研考试】 All of us should keep a kitchen diary, showing how much food are left uneaten as garbage.We all waste food, you and me millions of tons of it. In China, enough food is
12、 wasted in restaurants every year to feed 200 million people. In the United States, 40 percent of food is wasted from farm to fork. Each year, the amount of food thrown away in rich countries is almost the same as that produced in sub Saharan Africa. This raises some important questions. In developi
13、ng countries, food is lost because farmers do not have appropriate cooling, storage or market access for their crops. Their grains, fruits and vegetables dry up and rot away. In developed countries, the picture is different, and food is wasted in supermarkets, restaurants and at home. China faces bo
14、th problems, significant losses in farms, as well as at the sale and consumption stages. And the amount of food wasted by Chinese consumers is rapidly increasing. Consumer culture has filled China and urban residents can get quality food from anywhere in the country and from across the planet. Chine
15、se consumers are as particular about their food as those in other countries. In supermarkets, they refuse to buy vegetables that dont look fresh or have an irregular shape, or milk and other products close to their expiry (失败) date.Besides, Chinese consumers tend to be generous. In restaurants or at
16、 home, often too much food is ordered or cooked and served. So while trooping out of a restaurant, full and happy, with colleagues or friends, they never look back at whats left untouched on the table. Should Chinese consumers take more responsibility for the waste they create? Everyone deserves to
17、have enough food to eat. Despite Chinas impressive success in reducing hunger over the past three decades, the job is not completed yet.31According to paragraph 1and2, we know that food waste is .Ahuge worldwideBmainly in USAConly in rich countriesDjust in African countries【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据无论是发达国家还是
18、发展中国家都有食物浪费的现象，食物的浪费是全球性的，故选A。32In developing countries, food is lost mainly .Afor the lack of cooling and storageBbecause of easy access to marketsCbecause of the wet weatherDbecause of the quality of the food【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据In developing countries, food is lost because farmers do not have appropr
19、iate cooling, storage or market access for their crops.在发展中国家食物的浪费主要是由于缺乏冷藏和储存的条件，故选A。33The main reason for food waste in China is .Athe effect of consumer cultureBthe convenient food supplyCthe worry about food qualityDpeoples being particular about it【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据Consumer culture has filled Ch
20、ina and urban residents can get quality food from anywhere in the country and from across the planet.中国的浪费主要由于中国文化的影响，故选A。34How do Chinese feel when they leave restaurants with much food left behind?AGenerous.BUnconscious.CWealthy.DValuable.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据Chinese consumers tend to be generous.中国人认
21、为离开餐馆时剩下了是慷慨大方的，故选A。35The purpose of the passage is to tell us .Anot to waste any food from now onBthe necessity to improve food qualityCthe fact of food waste in developed countriesDthe influence of consumer culture on Chinese 【答案】A【解析】作者意图题。纵观全文的内容可知全球存在浪费粮食的现象，所以我们应该从今往后不能再浪费粮食，故选A。 阅读理解。The Nati
22、onal GalleryDescription：The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London. It houses a diverse collection of more than 2，300 examples of European art ranging from 13thcentury religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh.Th
23、e older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance.Layout：The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th to 15thcentury paintings，and
24、 artists include Duccio，Uccello，Van Eyck，Lippi，Mantegna，Botticelli and Memling.The main West Wing houses 16thcentury paintings，and artists include Leonardo da Vinci，Cranach，Michelangelo，Raphael，Bruegel，Bronzino，Titian and Veronese.The North Wing houses 17thcentury paintings，and artists include Carav
25、aggio，Rubens，Poussin，Van Dyck，Velzquez，Claude and Vermeer.The East Wing houses 18th to early 20thcentury paintings，and artists include Canaletto，Goya，Turner，Constable，Renoir and Van Gogh.Opening Hours：The Gallery is open every day from 10 am to 6 pm(Fridays 10 am to 9 pm)and is free, but charges app
26、ly to some special exhibitions.Getting There：Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross(2minute walk), Leicester Square(3minute walk)，Embankment(7minute walk)，and Piccadilly Circus(8minute walk)68In which centurys collection can you see religious paintings?AThe 13th.BThe 17th.CThe 18th.DThe 20th.69
27、Where are Leonardo da Vincis works shown?AIn the East Wing.BIn the main West Wing.CIn the Sainsbury Wing.DIn the North Wing.70Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?APiccadilly Circus.BLeicester Square.CEmbankment.DCharing Cross.【要点综述】 本文是一篇应用文。作者介绍了英国伦敦国家美术馆。分四大板块进行介绍：整体描述、布局、
28、开放时间以及可以到达美术馆的地铁站。68A细节判断题。根据文章第一段中的“It houses a diverse collection of more than 2，300 examples of European art ranging from 13thcentury religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh.”可以断定宗教美术作品是13世纪的。故选A。69B细节判断题。根据文章第三段中的“The main West Wing houses 16thcentury paintings，and artists
29、 include Leonardo da Vinci”可知B正确。70D细节判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross(2minute walk), Leicester Square(3minute walk), Embankment(7minute walk)，and Piccadilly Circus(8minute walk)”可以断定Charing Cross是最近的。故选D。C42013重庆卷 -BOne of the greatest gifts one generation can give to othe
30、r generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience.This idea has inspired the awardwinning photographer Andrew Zuckerman.He interviewed and took photos of fifty oversixtyfiveyearolds all over the world.His project explores various aspects of their lives.The photos and interviews are now avail
31、able on our website.Click on the introductions to read the complete interviews.Let us now have a culture of peace.Federico Mayor Zaragoza，SpainFederico Mayor Zaragoza obtained a doctorate in pharmacy(药学)from the Complutense University of Madrid in 1958.After many years spent in politics，he became Di
32、rectorGeneral of UNESCO in 1987.In 1999，he created the Foundation for a Culture of Peace，of which he is now the president.In addition to many scientific publications, he has published four collections of poems and several books of essays.Writing is a discovery.Nadine Gordimer，South AfricaDue to a we
33、ak heart，Nadine Gordimer attended school and university briefly.She read widely and began writing at an early age.She published her first short story at the age of fifteen，and has completed a large number of works, which have been translated into forty languages.In 1991，Gordimer won the Nobel Prize
34、for Literature.Jazz is about the only form of art today.Dave Brubeck，USADave Brubeck studied music at the University of the Pacific and graduated in 1942.After World War Two he was encouraged to play jazz.In 1951，he recorded his first album(专辑)Brubecks 1959 album has become a jazz standard. He recei
35、ved a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996.For more figures CLICK HERE.60.Why did Andrew Zuckerman choose the fifty elders for his project?ABecause their wisdom deserves to be passed on.BBecause they are physically impressive.CBecause their accomplishments inspired him.DBecause they have simila
36、r experiences.61According to the web page, Federico Mayor Zaragoza _Ahas won many awards for his work in politicsBhas served as the president of a universityChas devoted all his life to the field of scienceDhas made achievements in different areas62Who most probably said “My education has been the l
37、ibrary and books” in the interview when reflecting on his/her experience?AAndrew Zuckerman.BFederico Mayor Zaragoza.CNadine Gordimer.DDave Brubeck.63What is the main purpose of this web page?ATo show Zuckermans awards.BTo publicize Zuckermans project.C.To spread the wisdom of the three people.DTo ce
38、lebrate the achievements of the three people.【要点综述】 本文是一则网络广告。短文通过陈列多位名人的成功实例来吸引读者对Andrew Zuckerman项目的关注。60A 细节理解题。第一段第一句说明了Andrew Zuckerman采访几位智者的目的：传承智慧。61D 推理判断题。Federico Mayor Zaragoza专业为药学，但后来从政多年，接着担任联合国教科文组织领导人，又创建和平文化基金并担任会长，除多部科学出版物以外，还有诗歌小说集多部，可谓颇多建树。62C推理判断题。Nadine Gordimer的教育背景比较简单， 但她取得了巨大的文学成就。63B综合推理题。通过在网站上发布这几位智者的简介来推介Andrew Zuckerman的项目。