1、江苏省南京市第一中学2020-2021学年高二英语下学期期中试题（含解析）一、阅读AA Schengen visa is a short-stay visa awarded to persons wishing to travel to one or many of the countries that make of the 26 European country Schengen Area. It grants (授予) each holder entry to all the countries in the area on a single visa. Several new Sche
2、ngen visa application rules came into force in all countries on February 2, 2020. Check out some of the major changes:Increased visa feesThe Schengen visa fee has increased from 60 euros to 80 for adults, while children aged between 6 and 12 now need to pay 40 euros instead of 35.The rise in fees is
3、 to increase staff numbers, ensure stronger security screenings, and upgrade IT equipment and software, according to the European Commission.Electronic application formThe application process has been greatly simplified. Schengen member states now accept electronic applications, and the application
4、form can be signed and submitted electronically.Longer application submission periodsSchengen visa applicants used to apply as early as three months ahead of their trip. Today applications can be submitted up to six months in advance.Benefits for frequent travelersThose who have previously visited t
5、he Schengen Area and have a positive visa history will be granted the opportunity to get a multiple-entry visa valid for up to five years. That is, people who have lawfully used their previous visas, have a good economic standing in their home countries, and intend to leave the area before their Sch
6、engen visa expires (过期) will now have the chance to get a visa for up to five years with multiple entries.1. If a couple with a seven-year-old kid apply for Schengen visas, how much should they pay under the new rules?A. 45 euros.B. 80 euros.C. 155 euros.D. 200 euros.2. When applying for a Schengen
7、visa now, you can .A. upgrade your computer softwareB. hand in an electronic application formC. get all your materials ready before February 2D. turn in your application 9 months in advance3. To frequent travelers to the Schengen Area, the new rules are more .A. specificB. complicatedC. favourableD.
8、 rigid【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则申根签证的广告启事，介绍了签证价格、电子设备、频繁来这里旅行可以享受的好处等。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“The Schengen visa fee has increased from 60 euros to 80 for adults, while children aged between 6 and 12 now need to pay 40 euros instead of 35.”申根签证费成人从60欧元提高到80欧元，而6到12岁的儿童需要支付40欧元，而不是35欧元。可知，如果一对夫妇带
9、着一个七岁的小孩来申请申根签证，他们按照新规要付80*2+40=200欧元。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“The application process has been greatly simplified. Schengen member states now accept electronic applications, and the application form can be signed and submitted electronically.”申请过程已大大简化。申根成员国现在接受电子申请，申请表可以通过电子方式签署和提交。可知，当你现在申请申根签证时，可以上交电
10、子申请表。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据“That is, people who have lawfully used their previous visas, have a good economic standing in their home countries, and intend to leave the area before their Schengen visa expires (过期) will now have the chance to get a visa for up to five years with multiple entries.” 也就是说，那
11、些合法使用之前签证的人，在本国经济状况良好，并打算在申根签证之前离开该地区的人现在将有机会多次入境，获得长达五年的签证。可以看出，这些新规对于频繁去申根地区的人更加支持了，故选C项。【点睛】细节理解题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。多数情况下，作者不会明确的呈现一个事实，读者需要根据已有的信息进行处理，读出言外之意。还要特别注意文章的时间顺序、故事发生的地点、情节的发展和人物之间的关系。例如，第2题，细节理解题。根据“The application process has been greatly sim
12、plified. Schengen member states now accept electronic applications, and the application form can be signed and submitted electronically.”申请过程已大大简化。申根成员国现在接受电子申请，申请表可以通过电子方式签署和提交。可知，当你现在申请申根签证时，可以上交电子申请表。故选B项。BIt is one of the greatest mysteries of nature. In case you havent noticed, all living thing
13、s follow very definite, individual rhythms, all as regular as a clock, but what makes them regular?Though many scientists maintain that these rhythms are the result of some outside force like gravity or radiation or both, the results of most scientific researches agree with other scientists who beli
14、eve that each living thing has its own built-in biological “time clock.”Take the mystery of migration for example. Scientists cant really explain why many species of birds migrate in the autumn even though the temperature is still summery. The birds just seem to snub the comfortable weather that the
15、y are having. When a certain time comes, they travel south by the thousand. In spring time, they migrate northwards when though there probably is snow still covering the ground when they finally arrive. Something said “go”, and they did.Animals that hibernate are obeying individual time clock, too.
16、When their clock indicates the time to take a winters nap, they do, and nothing can stop them. At a certain time in the spring, they wake up and come out regardless of the weather outside.Plants appear to have yearly rhythms, such as the sprouting(发芽)of seeds, and they also have daily rhythms. Notic
17、e sometimes that plants raise their leaves in daylight and lower them at night.If you live along the California coast, you can easily observe a demonstration of this mysterious clock functioning regularly. There, from February to September, the highest tides occur exactly every fourteen and four-fif
18、ths days, and during these high tides, but at no other time, small silvery fish called grunions surf-ride a wave to the beach. There the female deposits her eggs in the sand and the male, fertilize them; then both hitch a wave-ride back to the sea. Exactly fourteen and four-fifths days later, never
19、before or after, the tiny eggs hatch, and the high tide carries the new habits out to sea.4. According to the passage the mysterious rhythms result from _.A. the influence of gravity on living speciesB. the effect of radiation on living speciesC. the influence of a mysterious outer force on living s
20、peciesD. the internal mechanism inside the living species5. The underlined word “snub” in the third paragraph probably means _.A. fightB. ignoreC. symbolizeD. criticize6. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A. Hibernating animals are obeying an internal time clock.B. The positioning of the
21、 leaves of some plants is due to the daily rhythms.C. The internal clock functioning is demonstrated in the reproducing habits of grunions.D. The yearly hibernation is more because of the weather influence than the biological functioning.7. The passage is mainly about _.A. the rhythms of lifeB. the
22、reasons of mysterious hibermationC. strange behaviors of speciesD. the timing for different events in the world of species【答案】4. D 5. B 6. D 7. A【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。主要讨论的是地球上生命的节奏，不同的物种有不同的生长规律，有不同的生活节奏，其实是由于其体内的内在机制所决定的。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据Though many scientists maintain that these rhythms are the result of s
23、ome outside force like gravity or radiation or both，the results of most scientific researches agree with other scientists who believe that each living thing has its own built-in biological “time clock.(虽然许多科学家认为这些节奏是重力或辐射等外力的结果，或者两者兼而有之，但大多数科学研究的结果与其他科学家一致，他们认为每个生物都有自己内置的生物“时间钟。”)可知，生物身上的节奏是由于其体内的生物
24、机制所决定的，故答案为D。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文Scientists cant really explain why many species of birds migrate in the autumn even though the temperature is still summery.(科学家无法真正解释为什么许多鸟类在秋天迁徙，即使温度仍然是夏季。)可推断划线句The birds just seem to snub the comfortable weather that they are having句意：鸟儿似乎在忽视它们所拥有的舒适的天气。结合下文When a ce
25、rtain time comes, they travel south by the thousand. ( 当某一时刻到来时，它们大批大批地向南旅行。)可知，候鸟不管天气如何，只要到了某个时间就会迁徙，因此推断划线词词义为“忽视”，与ignore意思相近。故答案为B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段Animals that hibernate(冬眠)are obeying individual time clocks，tooWhen their clock indicates the time to take a winters nap，they do，and nothing can st
26、op themAt a certain time in the spring，they wake up and come out regardless of the weather outside(冬眠的动物也遵守各自的时钟。当它们的时钟指示了一个冬天小睡的时间时，它们就会睡觉，没有什么能阻止它们。在春天的某个时候，它们醒来了，不管外面的天气如何，站起来出来。)可知，动物冬眠主要不是根据天气，而是根据内在的生物钟，故D项“每年的冬眠更多是因为天气的影响，而不是生物的功能。”错误。故答案为D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。纵观全文特别是第二段的the results of most scientifi
27、c researches agree with other scientists who believe that each living thing has its own built-in biological “time clock.”(大多数科学研究结果与其他科学家一致，它们认为每个生物都有自己内置的生物“时间钟。”)，可知，本文主要讨论的是地球上生命的节奏，不同的物种有不同的生长规律，有不同的生活节奏，其实是由于其体内的内在机制所决定的，故答案为A。CIn modern society there is a great deal of argument about competiti
28、on. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.I have taught many children who held the belief that their selfworth rel
29、ied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often lifeanddeath affairs. In their singleminded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, other
30、s take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often
31、 observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesnt matter because I really didnt try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried
32、and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both ar
33、e afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.8. What does this passage mainly talk about?A. Competition helps to set up selfrespect.B. Opinions about competition are different among people.C. Competition i
34、s harmful to personal quality development.D. Failures are necessary experiences in competition.9. The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means _.A. those who try their best to winB. those who value competition most highlyC. those who are against competition most stronglyD. those who r
35、ely on others most for success10. What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”？A. Ones worth lies in his performance compared with others.B. Ones success in competition needs great efforts.C. Ones achievement is determined by his particular skills.D. Ones succ
36、ess is based on how hard he has tried.11. Which point of view may the author agree to?A. Every effort should be paid back.B. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.C. Winning should be a lifeanddeath matter.D. Competition should be encouraged.【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。短文主要论述
37、了对于竞争人们的不同观点。有些人支持竞争，他们觉得这样可以使社会进步；有些人反对竞争，他们觉得竞争给人与人之间带来不友好。作者建议我们正确理解竞争的意义。【8题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段“Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationsh
38、ip between people”可知，一些支持竞争的人认为，竞争对社会进步是有帮助的，推进社会的向前发展和繁荣。反对竞争的人认为，竞争会挑起人们之间的斗争，给人们之间带来不友好。所以这篇文章主要讲了人们对竞争的看法各不相同。故选B项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。由第三段“However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to t
39、he ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society”可知，然而，当一些人似乎迷失在成功的欲望中，另一些人持相反的态度。在一个只重视赢家而不关注普通参与者的文化中，他们强烈谴责竞争。其中最强烈反对竞争的人是那些承受着来自父母或社会竞争压力的年轻人。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，第3段中带下划线的短语the most v
40、ocal是指最强烈反对竞争的人。故选C项。【10题详解】细节理解题。由最后段“Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others”可知，两者都是基于错误的信念，即一个人的自尊取决于一个人与他人相比的表现。所以真正的竞争者和那些“渴望失败”的人有相似的信念既一个人的价值在于与别人相比的表现。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。由最后段“Only as this basic and often troublesome
41、 fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.”可知，只有当这种基本的、令人烦恼的恐惧消失时，我们才能在竞争中发现新的意义。所以通过关键词“ fear begins to dissolve，discover a new meaning”可以判断出，作者在对比了两种对于竞争的不同态度之后，作者认为在竞争中应该消除对失败的恐惧。故选B项。【点睛】抓住特定信息进行逆向或者正向推理。做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的
42、深层含义。由最后段“Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.”可知，只有当这种基本的、令人烦恼的恐惧消失时，我们才能在竞争中发现新的意义。所以通过关键词“ fear begins to dissolve，discover a new meaning”可以判断出，作者在对比了两种对于竞争的不同态度之后，作者认为在竞争中应该消除对失败的恐惧。故小题4选B项。DHartley got to Gentral Slalion
43、nearly an hour before his train was due to leave. A lifetime in the theatre had given him a healthy indeed excessive (过分的) sense of punctuality; a lifetime of unwanted cups of coffee, constant checking of the time, yet another turn around the block before that all too often pointless, tiresome audit
44、ion (试镜).Hartley was 75 pretty fit for his age, legs holding lip, memory still ticking over nicely though the occasions for punctuality were now rather fewer. But he was a creature of habit and couldnt change now.He repaired to the restaurant purchased a coffee and a blueberry muffin, tired and fail
45、ed to find a litter-free table. The coffee was awful, the muffin was stale but the coffee was always awful, the muffin always stale. Hartley refused to let himself be annoyed. His visit to the city had not been without its pleasures. Lunch with an old actor-chum (好友), then a film regrettably not uti
46、lizing (利用) his own talents had rounded out an agreeable day.Hartley was a good actor, although the calls on his talents were now infrequent. But really, he thought draining his awful coffee, hed had a reasonably good career. Something to be proud of. But hed never had that break-through part.He hea
47、ded for his platform. Just as the train was about to pull out a man ran down the platform, jumped aboard as the door slammed shut and sank into the seat next to Hartley.“Cutting it a bit fine”, he said.“Indeed”, Hartley replied. “A close run thing”.The man forty-ish, amiable looking gave him an amus
48、ed glance.This brief exchange served as an adequate ice-breaker and they chatted their way through the outer suburbs and into the countryside. Having satisfactorily disposed of the sad state of the railways, country versus city living, his neighbour asked Hartley what he didor had donefor a living.H
49、artley hated telling people he was an actor. He was not ashamed of his job. Not in the least but he had long tired of reactions ranging from “what have I seen you in” to “how do you learn all those lines”.So in situations like this he simply selected an occupation from a former role. Bit risky, of c
50、ourse. You say youre a doctor and find yourself meeting the quizzical（疑问的）gaze of a heart surgeon. But hed never been caught out and it was harmless enough game, Hartley felt. It amused him, and hed given some damn good performances too.“Im a lawyer”, he replied. “Retired several years ago. Property
51、 law. Bit of criminal stuff”.The train was slowing down. The man glanced out of the window.“My station. I had you quite wrong then”.He stood and took down his briefcase from the overhead rack.“Yes, Id have said you were an actor. The voice especially. Still, lawyers are actors in a way, dont you thi
52、nk? Plenty of drama in a courtroom”.The train drew into the station.“Im a film director. Casting a feature at the moment. You study faces. On the train. Everywhere. Always on the lookout. Anyway, enjoyed our chat. Bye.”12. What did Hartley think of his not telling his occupation?A. Harmful to his ac
53、ting career.B. Amusing despite the riskC Helpful to protect his identityD. Upsetting when caught out.13. What can we learn about Hartleys travel companion from the underlined sentence “I had you quite wrong then.”?A. He assumed Hartley had given another answer.B. He understood Hartleys profession wa
54、s acting.C. He thought Hartley practiced a different profession.D. He mistook Hartley for another person.14. The use of the word “Bye” at the end of the story_.A. shows the readers how unexpectedly Hartleys career endsB. describes Hanleys shock on finding the man is a directorC. confirms Hartleys la
55、ck of luck in spite of his acting skillsD. proves the man will reconsider giving Hartley a chance to act15. Which of the following can be the best title of the story?A. Acting upB. Employ talentsC. Selecting an occupationD. Casting a feature【答案】12. B 13. C 14. C 15. A【解析】【分析】本文属于记叙文。文章主要讲述了哈特利在火车上碰到
56、了一个电影导演，互相演戏，隐藏了自己的真实职业，最终错失了一个机会。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第十一段“So in situations like this he simply selected an occupation from a former role. Bit risky, of course. You say youre a doctor and find yourself meeting the quizzical (疑问的) gaze of a heart surgeon.”以及“It amused him, and hed given some damn good per
57、formances too.”可知，每当遇到这样的情况，他会选择之前的一个角色作为回答。这么做是有风险的，比如你说你是一个医生，但是会遇到一个心脏外科医生怀疑的目光。但是，这也让他觉得很有趣，他也呈现了很好的表演，故选B。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文“Im a lawyer”, he replied. “Retired several years ago. Property law. Bit of criminal stuff.”以及下文“Yes, Id have said you were an actor. The voice especially. Still, lawyers a
58、re actors in a way, dont you think? Plenty of drama in a courtroom”.”可知，哈特利告诉他是一个律师，但是他认为他是一个演员，尤其是声音。由此推知，划线部分的意思是他认为哈特利从事不同的职业，故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Im a film director. Casting a feature at the moment. You study faces. On the train. Everywhere. Always on the lookout. Anyway, enjoyed our chat. By
59、e.” 可知，我是一名电影导演。此刻投出一个特写。你在研究面孔。在火车上。到处都是。一直在寻找。无论如何，享受我们的聊天，再见。由此推知，在故事结尾处使用“再见”这个词证实了哈特利尽管他有表演技巧仍然缺乏运气。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了哈特利在火车上碰到了一个电影导演，互相演戏，隐藏了自己的真实职业，最终错失了一个机会。由此可知，Acting up(运作不正常；出毛病)适合做本文最佳标题。故选A。二、七选五Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame
60、 on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock. _16_ Heres how to make one._17_ In order to make a change, you need to decide why its important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better
61、prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some tim
62、e the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. _18_ Thats a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer._19_ If you are tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensation on the weekends actually feeds into yo
63、ur sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After youve tried a new methods for a week, take a look at your record. _20_ If not, tak
64、e another look at other methods you could try.A. Reconsidering the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.B. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.C. Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends.D. And consider setting a second alarm.E. Find the right motivation.F. A better plan
65、 for sleep can help.G. Get a sleep specialist.【答案】16. F 17. E 18. A 19. C 20. B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章找到了解决早上起床难这一的问题关键，并给出了解决问题的方法。【16题详解】根据上文“In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock.（事实上，早上起床容易的关键在于让重置你的生物钟）”可知，早起的关键是重置生物钟，结合常识可知，要调整生物钟就要有良好的作息习惯， F选项“A better plan for s
66、leep can help.（一个更好的睡眠计划会有所帮助）”中“A better plan for sleep”正是调整生物钟的关键，另外下一句“Heres how to make one.”中代词“one”也指代了“A better plan for sleep”。故选F项。【17题详解】设空处为段首中心句。根据下文“In order to make a change, you need to decide why its important. (为了做出改变，你需要想清楚它为什么重要)”和“Once you are clear about your reason, tell your f
67、amily or roommates about the change you want to make. (一旦你清楚了原因，告诉你的家人或室友你想要做出的改变)”可知，本段讲在做出改变与调整前，要先弄清楚原因，也就是动机。E项“Find the right motivation. (找到正确的动机)”中motivation与下文中“why its important”和reason相照应。故选E项。【18题详解】根据段首中心句“Rethink mornings. (重新思考早晨)”可知本段主要讲重新思考早晨和重新规划早晨活动。A项“Reconsidering the 15 minutes
68、you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee. (重新考虑一下你在咖啡馆等咖啡15分钟)”与其下文“Thats a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer. (如果你买了一个带定时器的咖啡机，你可以多睡一刻钟)”提出了一种通过利用定时咖啡机来增加早晨睡眠时间的方法，是对中心句的呼应，且A项中Reconsidering与中心句Rethink相照应，15 minutes与下文a quarter-hour相应照应。故选A项。【19题详解
69、】设空处为段首中心句。根据下文“But compensation on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.（但最近的一项研究发现，周末的睡眠补偿实际上会让你在接下来的一周嗜睡。无论哪一天，都要坚持固定的睡觉时间和起床时间）”可知，本段在强调不论什么时候都要坚持固定的睡眠习惯，周末也不例外。故选C项。【20题详解】根据下文“If
70、 not, take another look at other methods you could try.(如果没有，再看看你可以尝试的其他方法)”中省略的条件状语从句If not可知，上文空格处需要明确省略的具体条件。B选项“If the steps you take are working, keep it up.(如果你所采取的措施是有效的，那就坚持下去)”明确了条件是“措施是否有效”，并与下文形成一正一反的对比关系。故选B项。三、完形填空Its about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Iowa to Ehlers home in
71、 Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting, Ehlers _21_about the small dog he had seen _22_ alongside the road. He had tried to coax the dog to him but, frightened, it had _23_.Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that _24_ dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg,
72、 and the two drove _25_. After a long and careful _26_, Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving _27_ away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with joy. It just started licking Ehlers face.A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one _28
73、_ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a phone number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers _29_ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had found their dog.Jeff had _30_ in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched _31_ for Rosie i
74、n the next four days.Ehlers returned to Minnesota, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “Its good to know theres still someone out there who _32_ enough to go to that kind of _33_,”says Lisa of Ehlers rescue _34_.“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably j
75、ust as _35_ to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, Id hope that somebody would be willing to go that extra mile.”21. A. readB. forgotC. heardD. thought22. A. tremblingB. fightingC. eatingD. sleeping23. A. calmed downB. stood upC. run offD. rolled over24. A. injuredB. stolenC
76、. rescuedD. lost25. A. homeB. pastC. onD. back26. A. preparationB. explanationC. searchD. test27. A. casuallyB. cautiouslyC. skillfullyD. angrily28. A. advertisedB. predictedC. believedD. recorded29. A. copiedB. calledC. countedD. remembered30. A. skiedB. huntedC. livedD. worked31. A. on purposeB. o
77、n timeC. in vainD. in turn32. A. seesB. caresC. suffersD. learns33. A. troubleB. placeC. wasteD. extreme34. A. serviceB. planC. teamD. effort35. A. equalB. allergicC. closeD. grateful【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了埃勒
78、斯和自己的朋友经过了艰苦的努力，成功地帮走失的狗狗找到了主人。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过一个周末的狩猎，在回家的漫长旅途中，埃勒斯想起了他看到的那条在路边颤抖的小狗。A. read阅读；B. forgot忘记；C. heard听到；D. thought想起。根据“He had tried to coax the dog to him but, frightened, it had _3_.”可知埃勒斯想起了他看到的那条狗。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：埃勒斯想起了他看到的那条在路边颤抖的小狗。A. trembling发抖；B. fighting打架；C. eat
79、ing吃；D. sleeping睡觉。根据“He had tried to coax the dog to him but, frightened, it had _3_.”和“Nervousness and fear were replaced with joy. It just started licking Ehlers face.”可知埃勒斯第一次见到这条狗时，狗很害怕，全身在颤抖。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他曾试图把狗哄到他跟前，但由于害怕，狗跑掉了。A. calmed down平静下来；B. stood up站起来；C. run off逃跑；D. rolled
80、over翻滚。根据“frightened”以及下文作者和朋友返回去找狗的描述，可知狗逃跑了。故选C。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在家里，埃勒斯一直为那条走失的狗而烦恼。A. injured受伤的；B. stolen被偷的； C. rescued被救的；D. lost走失的。根据“Jeff had _10_ in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched _11_ for Rosie in the next four day
81、s.”可知这是一只走失的狗。故选D。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：所以，四天后，他打电话给他朋友格雷格，两人开车回去了。A. home回家；B. past经过；C. on在上面；D. back回原处。根据“After a long and careful _6_, Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving _7_ away.”可知埃勒斯和朋友两人开车返回了。故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过长时间的仔细搜寻，格雷格看到，穿过一片田野，狗小心翼翼地走开了。A. preparation准备；B. explanation解释；C. se
82、arch搜寻； D. test测验。根据“Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving _7_ away.”可知经过长时间的仔细搜寻，他们找到了狗。故选C。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：经过长时间的仔细搜寻，格雷格看到，穿过一片田野，狗小心翼翼地走开了。A. casually随便地；B. cautiously谨慎地；C. skillfully巧妙地；D. angrily愤怒地。根据“Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.”结合生活常识，可知狗再次见到他们的时候，仍然非常小心谨
83、慎，不敢靠近。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位当地的农民告诉他们，这只狗听起来就像当地报纸上刊登的走失的狗。A. advertised登广告；B. predicted预测；C. believed相信；D. recorded记录。根据“as lost in the local paper.”和“The ad had a phone number for a town in southern Michigan.”可知寻狗启示被刊登在当地报纸上。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：埃勒斯打电话给杰夫和丽莎，告诉他们他找到了他们的狗。A. copied复制；B. calle
84、d打电话；C. counted数数；D. remembered记得。根据“The ad had a phone number for a town in southern Michigan. ”和“Ehlers _9_ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had found their dog.”可知埃勒斯打电话给杰夫和丽莎。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：感恩节前，杰夫曾带着他的狗罗茜在爱荷华州打猎，但枪声把狗吓跑了。A. skied滑雪；B. hunted打猎；C. lived生活；D. worked工作。根据“but th
85、e gun shots had scared the dog off.”可知杰夫曾带着他的狗罗茜在爱荷华州打猎。故选B。【31题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：杰夫在接下来的四天里一直找不到罗西。A. on purpose故意地；B. on time按时；C. in vain徒然；D. in turn轮流。根据文章描述，是埃勒斯和他的朋友打电话给杰夫，告知他狗的消息，所以杰夫在接下来的四天里一直找不到罗西，他寻找狗的工作是徒劳的。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在谈到埃勒斯的救援工作时，丽莎说:“很高兴知道仍然有人有足够的关心去面对这样的麻烦。”A. sees看到；B. cares
86、关心；C. suffers遭受；D. learns学习。埃勒斯和他的朋友返回去找狗，并且给狗的主人打电话，足以说明埃勒斯和他的朋友关心狗狗，在乎帮狗狗回家这件事情。故选B。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在谈到埃勒斯的救援工作时，丽莎说:“很高兴知道仍然有人有足够的关心去面对这样的麻烦。”A. trouble麻烦；B. place地方；C. waste浪费；D. extreme极端。帮助走失的狗狗找到主人，这是一件比较麻烦的事情。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在谈到埃勒斯的救援工作时，丽莎说:“很高兴知道仍然有人有足够的关心去面对这样的麻烦。”A. service服务；B
87、. plan计划；C. team队；D. effort努力。埃勒斯和朋友回去找狗，并试图接近狗，然后给狗主人打电话，这是经过了很多的努力。故选D。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：埃勒斯说:“我想，丢了狗的人大概也和它很亲近，就像我和我的狗一样。”A. equal平等的；B. allergic对过敏的；C. close接近的，亲密的；D. grateful感谢的。根据“as I am to my dogs”可知这里意思是丢狗人可能和狗狗关系很亲密，在急切的寻找它。故选C。四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The United Nations be
88、lieves about 17 percent of the worlds food goes to waste each year. That amounts _36_ 931 million metric tons of food being thrown away from homes, stores and food companies.The information comes from the U.N. Environment Programs Food Waste Index Report 2021. The report says food waste is not only
89、a problem in rich countries like Britain or the United States. It happens in poor countries, too, _37_ food supplies can go bad without cold storage. Most of the wasted food 61 percent comes from homes. The rest comes from stores and food service companies.The U.N. is working on ways to reduce food
90、waste and trying to learn how much food becomes unusable before it reaches people. It hopes the report will show countries some of the problems so their governments can try to fix _38_.Inger Andersen is the Executive Director of UNEP. She said, Reducing food waste would cut greenhouse gas emissions,
91、 slow the _39_(destroy) of nature through land conversion and pollution. _40_(addition), cutting waste will reduce hunger that is expected to rise during the corona-virus pandemic.Researchers say food waste is a _41_(grow) concern because of the large amount of land and energy required to produce fo
92、od, raise animals and plant crops. They observe that forests are also being cleared to make space for more food production. If food waste _42_(reduce), it may be possible to lessen the impact of its production on the world.Some large problems exist with the food supply, but there are smaller reasons
93、 for waste. The report mentioned some of the small problems that could be fixed.Sometimes stores offer reduced prices on larger amounts of food. When people buy too much food, they do not always use it _43_ it goes bad. Also, the writing on food containers can be hard _44_(understand). In some cases
94、, the manufacturers put a date that shows when the food will be best to eat. Sometimes the food is still good for a number of days after the date, but people will throw it away.Food administrators in the U.S. have asked manufacturers to label their products in a way that is easier for people to unde
95、rstand. In the U.S., the Department of Agriculture (USDA) estimates a family of four wastes about $1,500 worth of food each year.Richard Swannell is a co-writer of the UN report. He said people in rich countries think differently about wasting food than they used to. Just 40 or 50 years ago, most pe
96、ople could not afford to waste food. Now that people have more money, they are not _45_(as) concerned. But Swannell does not think that is the right idea.【答案】36. to 37. where 38. them 39. destruction 40. Additionally 41. growing 42. is reduced 43. before 44. to understand 45. as【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，介绍了令人触
97、目惊心的食物浪费现状，联合国环境规划署的2021年食物浪费指数报告分析了食物浪费带来的危害和原因，并希望通这一报告引起国家与个人对这一现象的重视，【36题详解】考查介词和固定短语。句意：那相当于有9.31亿公吨的食品被从家庭、商店和食品公司扔掉。动词短语amount to(总计，相当于)为固定短语，在句中作谓语。故填to。【37题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这种情况也发生在贫穷国家，那里的食物供应如果没有冷藏可能会变坏。分析句子结构可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词poor countries，再分析定语从句结构可知，关系词将先行词poor countries代入定语从句中作地点状语，表
98、示“在这些贫穷国家”，所以应使用在定语从句中作状语的关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。【38题详解】考查代词。句意：它希望这份报告能向各国展示一些问题，以便其政府能够设法解决这些问题。根据句意可知，政府需要设法解决的是前文提到的“some of the problems(一些问题)”，复数概念,且空格处是动词fix后的宾语，所以应使用第三人称复数代词的宾格形式。故填them。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：她说：“减少食物浪费将减少温室气体排放，减缓土地转换和污染对自然的破坏。”。根据空格前冠词the和空格后作定语的介词短语of nature可知，空格处应填入名词，作动词slow的宾
99、语。故填destruction。【40题详解】考查副词。句意：此外，减少浪费将减少在冠状病毒大流行期间预计会增加的饥饿人群。根据空格前上文“Reducing food waste would cut greenhouse gas emissions, slow the _4_(destroy) of nature through land conversion and pollution.( 减少食物浪费将减少温室气体排放，减缓土地转换和污染对自然的破坏)”和下文“cutting waste will reduce hunger that is expected to rise during
100、the corona-virus pandemic.(减少浪费将减少在冠状病毒大流行期间预计会增加的饥饿人群)”句意可知，前后句是并列关系，且空格处用逗号与主句隔开，所以应填入表示并列关系的连接副词。故填Additionally。【41题详解】考查形容词。句意：研究人员说，由于生产食物、饲养动物和种植作物需要大量土地和能源，食物浪费问题越来越令人担忧。设空处在冠词与名词之间，应填入形容词作定语修饰名词concern，形容词growing表示“不断增加的，不断增强的”，符合句意。故填growing。【42题详解】考查谓语动词形式。句意：如果减少食物浪费，就有可能减少其生产对世界的影响。分析句子结
101、构可知，空格处是条件状语从句中谓语动词，动词reduce（减少）与主语food waste之间有被动关系，再根据上下文可知应使用一般现在时态，所以应填入一般现在时的被动语态，又因主语food waste是一种行为，应视为第三人称单数。故填is reduced。【43题详解】考查连词。句意：当人们买了太多的食物，他们并不总是在变质之前使用它。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入连词连接前后分句，结合句意可知“they do not always use it”发生在“it goes bad”之前，所以用并列连词before。故填before。【44题详解】考查非谓语动词和固定句型。句意：此外，食物容器
102、上的文字可能很难理解。“主语+ be + adj. + to do”为固定句型,该句型中形容词表明主语的特征或性质，句中动词不定式与主语之间存在动宾关系。本句中hard表明主语the writing on food containers的特征，understand与主语the writing on food containers有动宾关系，适用该固定句型。故填to understand。【45题详解】考查副词。句意：现在人们有了更多的钱，他们就不那么关心了。本句是省略句，完整句子是：they are not as concerned as before。句中第一个as是副词，用于比较，表示“像
103、一样，如同”，修饰其后形容词concerned。故填as。五、写作第一节46. 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom对中国文化有浓厚的兴趣。恰好你校今年暑假将为外国学生举办一场汉语夏令营活动（Chinese Summer Camp)，请你给她发一份邮件，邀请他参加活动。内容包括：1. 时间和地点；2. 活动内容：学习日常汉语、了解中国历史和传统文化、参观博物馆等；3. 报名方式和截止日期。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Tom,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Tom，Here comes a piece of good news. Chine
104、se Winter Camp, which is intended for international students, is going to be held in our school this summer vacation. Since you are obsessed with Chinese culture, Id like to invite you to join it.The Camp is scheduled to last 11 days, from December 18 to December 28. It covers a wide variety of cult
105、ural activities. These activities range from studying Chinese daily expressions to attending some lectures on Chinese history and traditional culture. As we all know, language is closely related to culture, so Im convinced that you can dig out Chinese cultural features from language study. In additi
106、on, the Camp provides a chance for you to visit some famous museums, which is the best way to learn about the country. By admiring the historical relics, you will definitely gain a better understanding of the country.If you want to be part of it, please sign up for it before December 2rd at our scho
107、ol website. Looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于邀请信，要求考生给美国朋友Tom写信，邀请他参加今年暑假为外国学生举办的汉语夏令营活动。【详解】1.词汇积累打算，计划：intend plan/ propose对着迷：be obsessed with be crazy about包括：cover include说服，劝说：convince persuade当然，肯定地：definitely certainly2.句式拓展原句：It covers a wide variety of cultur
108、al activities. These activities range from studying Chinese daily expressions to attending some lectures on Chinese history and traditional culture.拓展句：It covers a wide variety of cultural activities ranging from studying Chinese daily expressions to attending some lectures on Chinese history and tr
109、aditional culture.【点睛】高分句型1 Chinese Winter Camp, which is intended for international students, is going to be held in our school this summer vacation. (运用了which引导的定语从句)高分句型2 If you want to be part of it, please sign up for it before December 2d at our school website. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句)第二节47. 阅读下面材料，根据
110、其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。On Sunday,Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing with his father at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. They had a wonderful day and decided to drive home to Massachusetts after a final run. They took a chairlift to the top of the mountain, where they split up to go down in different
111、 trails. When the father finished his run, he headed to the parking lot to wait for his son. However, Nicholas never showed up.It turned out that a fierce snowstorm had swept into the area as Nicholas was on his way down. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path and ventured down the w
112、est side of the mountain. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost and all alone. His way back to the ski trails was blocked. Whats worse, he didnt have any food or water with him, let alone his cell phone or other supplies. The sun began to sink and he was getting colder by the minute.Nicholas had no i
113、dea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about Bear Grylls survival show Man vs. Wild that he used to watch on TV. In the show, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to help himself out. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.He decided to stop moving around. He needed the
114、 energy, and the winds werent as strong in the valley where he stood as they were up on the mountain. Plus, there was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to seek shelter from the freezing wind and snow. Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He ga
115、thered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could.When evening came, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate some snow and drank some water from nearby stream so that he wouldnt dehydrate (脱水）。 Then he return
116、ed to his cave and slept.Paragraph 1:When Nicholas didnt show up, his father realized there must be something wrong._Paragraph 2:The next day,Nicholas heard the sound of a snowmobile._【答案】 When Nicholas didnt show up, his father realized there must be something wrong.The father contacted the police,
117、and a search team was gathered to look for the missing teenager. Although the weather condition was poor and the wind was still fierce,they didnt lose hope of finding Nicholas alive.However,they knew the clock was ticking,and Nicholas stood a better chance of survival the earlier they found him.The
118、team split up,and one of the searchers who knew the area better decided to sweep a mountain trail he used to hike up. The next day, Nicholas heard the sound of a snowmobile. He went out and followed the sound to find help. He had walked for about a mile when he heard someone calling his name. He mov
119、ed towards the sound,and sure enough,a few minutes later, he came face to face with the searcher. Despite feeling weak,Nicholas was generally in a good condition,and he was really happy as he was carried back to the ski resort to reunite with his family.【解析】【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，十几岁的尼古拉斯和父亲去缅因州的Sugarloaf M
120、ountain滑雪，在下山的时候，古拉斯已经迷失了方向，孤身一人。他想起了以前在电视上看的贝尔格里尔斯(Bear Grylls)的生存节目“荒野求生”，成功自救并最终获救的故事。【详解】1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“当尼古拉斯没有出现时，他的父亲意识到一定出了什么事”可知，第一段可描写尼古拉斯的父亲报了警，警察以及派出小分队寻找尼古拉斯的过程。由第二段首句内容“第二天，尼古拉斯听到了雪地摩托的声音。”可知，第二段可描写尼古拉斯被救的过程以及尼古拉斯的状况。2.续写线索：意识到出了什么事情报警救援队出去搜索发现尼古拉斯状况良好以及精神状态与家人团聚3.词汇激活行为类意识到出了什么事情：real
121、ized/ be something wrong/救援队出去搜索：look for/ search/ lose hope of/find/ sweep a mountain trail发现尼古拉斯： follow the sound/ move/ came face to face 情绪类状况良好以及精神状态：weak/ good / happy / delighted/ pleased【点睛】高分句型1Although the weather condition was poor and the wind was still fierce,they didnt lose hope of finding Nicholas alive.although引导的让步状语从句。高分句型2 The team split up,and one of the searchers who knew the area better decided to sweep a mountain trail he used to hike up.who引导的定语从句。