1、Unit 4 Body Language阅读理解AYoure sitting on the train home and the person opposite you yawns(打哈欠). Suddenly, youre yawning with him, though youre not tired.This phenomenon confused scientists for years until a recent study found that people tend to sympathize with fellow humans. Supporting this claim
2、was the discovery that those children who were unable to form normal emotional ties with others did not experience contagious(有感染力的) yawning, which showed that humans communicate regularly without words.Hugo Critchley, a neuroscientist, has conducted an experiment recently, which will prove that hap
3、piness and sadness can spread like the common cold. According to Critechley, our mind and body are in constant exchange about how were feeling. “Emotions are closely linked with states of internal(内部的) responses，” he explained. “There are also more visible changes in our gestures and facial expressi
4、on. When were in a group, these signals can spread to another person. For example, theres the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.”Hugo Critchley further
5、explained, “Our bodies synchronise and when we like the other person, we even copy his behavior. Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how youre sittingits pretty likely that you will be the same. Scientists believe its our way of telling each other that were partners. Through body language
6、, humans give each other very subtle(微妙的) but clear signals that show emotions.”So, what lessons can we learn from this? “Spend time with happy peopleotherwise your health could suffer，” said Critchley. “When were sad, our body goes into fight or flight mode. But when were happy, our body works norm
7、ally and we feel relaxed and positive. So we look bright, our skin glows, we feel healthy and it affects everyone around us.”本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一个人的情绪状态会影响周围的人。1According to Hugo Critchley, .Aemotions are as visible as facial expressionsBwe yawn more frequently when we have a coldCemotions are connected
8、with states of internal responsesDthe change of blood pressure is not linked with the change of emotions答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Emotions are closely linked with states of internal (内部的) responses，”可知，情绪与内在反应的状态紧密相连。故选C。2The underlined word “synchronise” in Paragraph 4 means “ ”Amove slowly Bchange rapid
9、lyCrelax temporarilyDrespond accordingly答案：D解析：词义猜测题。画线单词与copy是同义词，且由Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how youre sittingits pretty likely that you will be the same.(下次你和你的朋友聊天时，留意一下你是怎么坐的，很可能你们会是一样的。)可知，画线单词所在句子意思为当我们喜欢一个人时，我们的身体会同步，会模仿他的行为。A.move slowly行动缓慢；B.change rapidly快速改变；C.relax
10、 temporarily暂时轻松；D.respond accordingly相应地回应。故选D。3.From the passage we can learn .Asadness is as contagious as happinessBanger is less contagious than friendlinessCsurprise is more contagious than smileDsurprise is the most contagious among emotions答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“For example, theres the obvi
11、ous tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.”可知，微笑的传染力要比惊讶和生气的传染力明显，故选B。4Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?AEmotions have delicate in
12、fluence on fellow humans.BChildren like copying the actions of the fellow humans.CScientists are still confused about contagious yawningDPeople tend to communicate more with body language.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句This phenomenon confused scientists for years until a recent study found that people tend t
13、o sympathize with fellow humans.可知，人们的情绪受同类人的影响，故选A。BEudaimonia is an Ancient Greek word, particularly stressed by the philosophers Plato and Aristotle, which deserves far more attention than it has because it corrects the shortfalls (缺失)in one of the most central, but troubling words in our modern
14、language: happiness.When we nowadays try to clearly express the purpose of our lives，it is the word “happiness” that we commonly turn to. We tell ourselves and others that the most important principle for our jobs, our relationships and the conduct of our daytoday lives is the pursuit of happiness.
15、It sounds like an innocent enough idea, but too much reliance on the term means that we frequently unfairly tend to quit or, at least, heavily question a great many challenging but worthwhile situations. The Ancient Greeks did not believe that the purpose of life was to be happy; they proposed that
16、it was to achieve Eudaimonia, a word which has been best translated as “fulfilment”What distinguishes happiness from fulfilment is pain. It is very possible to be fulfilled andat the same timeunder pressure, suffering physically or mentally, overburdened and, quite frequently, in an irritable (易怒的)m
17、ood. This is a slight psychological difference that is hard for the word “happiness” to capture, for its tricky to speak of being happy yet unhappy, or happy yet suffering. However, such a combination is readily accommodated within the respected and noblesounding idea of Eudaimonia.The word encourag
18、es us to trust that many of lifes most worthwhile projects will sometimes be in conflict with contentment, and yet will be worth pursuing. Properly exploring our professional talents, managing a household, keeping a relationship going, creating a new business venture or engaging in politics.none of
19、these goals are likely to leave us cheerful and grinning on a daily basis. They will, in fact, involve us in all manner of challenges that will deeply exhaust and weaken us, provoke (激怒)and wound us. And yet we will perhaps, at the end of our lives, still feel that the tasks were worth undertaking.
20、Through them, well have achieved something deeper and more interesting than happiness.With the word Eudaimonia in mind, we can stop imagining that we are aiming for a painfree existenceand then blaming ourselves unfairly for being in a bad mood. Well know that we are trying to do something far more
21、important than smile all the time: were striving to do justice to our full human potential.这是一篇说明文。介绍了古希腊人的生活目标，Eudaimonia与happiness的区别，鼓励人们尽一切努力寻找满足感。1What do we know about “Eudaimonia” from the passage?AIt was first created by two Greek philosophers.BIt has received a lot of attention from the pub
22、lic.CIt still has some shortfalls that need to be corrected.DIt was regarded as the purpose of life in ancient Greece.答案：D解析：推理判断题。由第二段“The Ancient Greeks did not believe that the purpose of life was to be happy; they proposed that it was to achieve Eudaimonia, a word which has been best translated
23、as fulfilment”(古希腊人不相信生活的目的是快乐；他们提出，生活的目的是为了实现Eudaimonia，这个词最好翻译为“满足”。)可知，在古希腊，Eudaimonia被认为是生活的目的。故D选项正确。2According to Paragraph 3, happiness .Ais the opposite of fulfillment Bis free from physical or mental painCstresses the psychological difference Dserves as a respected and noble life goal答案：B解析
24、：推理判断题。由第三段“What distinguishes happiness from fulfilment is pain. It is very possible to be fulfilled andat the same timeunder pressure, suffering physically or mentally, overburdened and, quite frequently, in an irritable (易怒的) mood. This is a slight psychological difference that is hard for the wo
25、rd happiness to capture.”(快乐与满足的区别在于痛苦。满足很容易实现，但需要遭受压力，身体或精神上的痛苦，或是负担过重以及易怒情绪。这是一个微小的心理差异，这很难让“幸福”这个词捕捉到。)可知，幸福没有身体或精神上的痛苦。故B选项正确。3We can learn from the passage that .Aaiming for happiness may lead to wrong selfblamingBgoals that wound and weaken us result in happinessCchallenges leading to contentm
26、ent are worth undertakingDfeeling fulfilled means we should avoid tough situations答案：A解析：推理判断题。由末段“With the word Eudaimonia in mind, we can stop imagining that we are aiming for a painfree existenceand then blaming ourselves unfairly for being in a bad mood.”(想到了Eudaimonia这个词，我们就可以不用想象我们的目标是一个没有痛苦的生
27、活，不用错怪自己心情不好。)可知，追求幸福可能导致错误的自责。故A选项正确。4The passage encourages the readers to .Afind fulfillment with all efforts Bseek for a painfree existenceCkeep optimistic whatever happens Dbalance happiness and suffering答案：A解析：推理判断题。由最后一段“Well know that we trying to do something far more important than smile all the time: were striving to do justice to our full human potential.”可知，这篇文章鼓励读者尽一切努力找到满足感。故A选项正确。