1、Unit 8 AdventureLesson 3 Marco Polo辅导与练习语法归纳1State or activity verbs在英语动词当中，有些动词表示动作，我们把它们称之为activity verb ,有些动词表示状态,我们把这类动词叫做state verb。第一类动词可用作一般现在时和现在进行时，而第二类动词多用于一般现在时，而不用于进行时态。He gets up at six every morning.他每天早晨六点钟起床。（动作）He is getting up now. 他现在正在起床。（动作）It seems that yu are right.似乎你是对的。（状态）
2、有些动词既可用作表示动作，也可用作表示状态，但在意义有区别。He has two elder brothers and a younger sister.他有两个哥哥和一个妹妹。（状态）He is having his breakafast. 他在吃早饭。（动作）They are holding a meeting.他们在开会。（动作）The can holds two gallons.这个桶能装两加仑。（状态）She is holding a large box.她提着一只大箱子（动作）I still hold that his idea is wrong.我仍然认为他的观点是错的。（状态）
3、People are lying on the beach.人们躺在海滩上。The city lies on the coast. 这座城市位于海岸边。常用表示状态的动词有： mean seem concern hate dislike detest(厌恶、憎恨) surprise major（主修） cintains hold matter depend resemble（象、类似） guess suppose imagine own belong to deserve（应受、值得）admire adore（崇拜、爱慕） appear be believe belong consist de
4、sire （期望、希望）despair doubt envy exist feel fit forget have hear hope impress（留下印象） include involve（包括、使陷于） keep know lack last like love need owe（感激、把归功于） please possess9拥有） prefer prove realize recognize remember require satisfy(满足) seat see smell sound suspect （怀疑、猜想）think understand wish etc. What
5、 do you mean? 你是什么意思？This concerns everyone of us.这关系到我们每个人。We hate such people.我们讨厌这样的人。All this surprises me.这一切使我吃惊。She majors in English.她主修英语。The box contains a necklace.盒子里有一条项链。Your age doesnt matter.你的年龄没有关系。It depends on the weather.这要看天气如何。Jim resembles his sister.吉姆长得像他姐姐。I guess thats th
6、e only solution.我想这是唯一的解决办法。We own the house.这是我们的房子。This book belongs to me.这本书是我的。I dont deserve the honor.我不配得到这个荣誉。有一些动词表示一个极为短暂的动作，也可用于一般现在时。I declare this exhibition open.我宣布展览会开幕。Its a lovely place. I agree. 这是一个招人喜欢的地方。- 我同意。The Bible says love of money is the root of all evil.圣经说爱财是万恶之源。I a
7、dvise you to withdraw.我劝你退出。I promise you that I will be there.我答应你我会去。This, I admit, is my favorite activity.这个我承认是我最喜欢的活动。With this letter I enclose a photograph. 随信附上一张照片。I flatly refuse to do what you say.我断然拒绝做你说的事。I regret my ignorance on the subject.对这个问题无知我感到遗憾。有少数表示极为短暂的动作动词，可用于进行时态，表示反复做某个
8、动作或“即将”。He is jumping up and down.他上下地跳着。John is nodding his head.约翰频频点头。Why is she blinking her eyes?她为什么老眨眼睛？The train is arriving.火车即将到达。The Boeing 747 is taking off.那架波音747即将起飞。The old man is dying.老人生命垂危。动词be有时用于进行时态，表示一时的表现。Im being serious.我是说正经的。I know Im being selfish.我知道我这样做是自私的。H is being
9、 terribly friendly to us.他对我们表现得友好之极。2Relative clauses (III)Defining and non-defining clauses定语从句主要用来修饰它前面的先行词（名词或代词）的从句，所以又称形容词从句。根据与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句对所修饰词的意思加以限制，表示“.的人（事物）。非限制性定语从句对所修辞没有限制意义的作用，而只补充一点情况，与主句关系不紧密，把它们拿掉，主句照样成立。它们和所修饰的名词之间常加一个逗号，译成汉语时另起一个句子，仿佛是并列句。定语从句主要考查引导定语从句
10、的关系代词和关系副词；介词引导词以及非限制性定语从句。具体考点如下：考点一：引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose，as）和关系副词( when, where, why)等。但是当下列情况出现时，对引导词有特殊要求。1.当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, little, much时；当先行词被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very修饰时；当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句的引导词用that。例：All
11、that you want are here.你需要的全在这儿。There is no person that doesnt make mistakes. 没有人不犯错误。This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过得最好一部电影。2.“the same .as”, such.as”中的as可以指人或物。例：Such furniture as is very popular is expensive.像那样的流行家具很贵。We have successfully done the same experiment as you did.我们和
12、你们一样成功地做了这个试验。3.why引导表示原因的定语从句，其先行词一般是reason。当主句主语是reason时，作主句表语的成分不能有because和because of。其结构一般为the reason whyis that，或者the reason thatis that，如：He did not tell us the reason why he was late again.他没告诉我们他又迟到的原因。The reason why（that）he didnt come is that he was ill.他没来的原因是他病了。4.当定语从句为there be句型时，关系代词只能
13、用that。This is the fastest train that there is to Beijing.这是开往北京的特快列车。5.当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时，关系代词只能用that。Who is the girl that is talking with Mr. Brown.和布朗先生谈话的那个女孩是谁？6.如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited。我们在谈论我们参观的国家和拜访的人。考点二：在“介词
14、+which/whom”的结构中，介词的选择取决于三种情况：1.定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配；This is the college in which I am studying.这就是我在学习的大学。He is the man about whom we are talking.他就是我们在谈论的人。2.先行词与介词的习惯搭配；当先行词表示“领域、方面”时，如：aspect, respect, area, field等，用in which；当先行词表示“价格、利率、速度”时，如：rate, price, speed等，用at which；当先行词表示“程度”时，如：degree, exte
15、nt等，用to which；当先行词表示“根据、依据、基础”时，如：grounds, foundation, basis等，用on which；The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter. 仪表上显示出这台机器的运转的速度。It is useful to be able to predict the extent to which a price change will affect supply and demand. 能够预测价格如何影响供需是很有用的。3.当定语从句为最高级时只能用of which;否则用其他
16、介词I have five dictionaries ，of which Longman Dictionary is the best.我有五部字典， 朗曼是最好的。I have five dictionaries ，among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK.我有五部字典，朗曼是在英国出版的字典之一。注意：不可拆分的动词短语介词不能提前，如put up with；有的短语可能有不同的介词搭配，此时需要根据上下文来确定。如：be familiar with / to ; compare with / to .考点三：当先行词为表示时间的名
17、词（如：time, day, year, week, month, occasion）或地点的名词（如：place, room, city, country）时，一般用关系副词when和where.分别相当于in which, at which, on which。但是当这些表示时间或地点的名词作从句的宾语时，则要用关系代词that或which.I cant forget the days when(in which) I lived with you.我不能忘记和你在一起居住的日子。Can you tell me the day when (on which) the first satel
18、lite was sent into space? 你能告诉我第一颗人造卫星是什么时候上天的？China is the only country where(in which ) wild pandas can be found.中国是唯一能发现大熊猫的地方。Ill never forget the village where I spent my childhood.我将永远不会忘记我度过童年的那个村庄。I will never forget the days that (which) I spent in Beijing University. 我将永远不会忘记我在北大度过的日子。(本句d
19、ays作spend的宾语，故用关系代词that / which )I have never been to Beijing, but its the place that I most want to visit.我没去过北京，但是它是我最向往的地方。(本句place作visit的宾语。) 考点四：非限定性定语从句不能用that引导,一般用引导词which/as或who/whom（指人），非限定性定语从句既可以修饰主句的部分内容，也可修饰主句的全部内容。as引导的非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，但which或who引导的非限定性定语从句不能放在主句前面。若主句与从句内容
20、上不一致，或从句对主句内容起反对、排斥、否定等作用时，多用which;而as只能用于主句和从句内容一致时。She has married again, as was expected. 她又结婚了，这是大家意料中的事。She has married again, which was unexpected. 她又结婚了, 真没想到。 As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth.我们都知道，月球是地球的卫星。The large area is covered with thick snow, which affects peoples
21、life greatly.大面积的地方有积雪，这样给人们的生活带来极大的不便。His speech, which bored us to death, was over at last.他的讲话终于结束了，我们对此讨厌极了。Her sister, who lived in another city, was coming to visit her.她的妹妹住在另一个城市，她要来看她。练习一I.单项选择1._ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As2. An
22、yway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place.A. when B. where C. what D. which3. There are two buildings , _ stands nearly a hundred feet high.A. the larger B. the large of themC. the larger one that D. the larger of which4. What surprised me was not what
23、he said but the way _ he said it.A. which B. that C. who D. what5. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which6. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. how B. which C. where D. that7
24、. A fast restaurant is the place _, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.A. which B. where C. there D. what8.The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which
25、9.I have many friends, _ some are businessmen. A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom 10. -Why does she always ask you for help? -There is no one else _, is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn 11. If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men,
26、women will spend more time in the shop. A. that B. which C. when D. where12. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering. A. that B. whose C. those D. what13. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard an
27、d was made Chairman of the Students Union.A. during which time B. for which timeC. during whose time D. by that time 14. Her sister has become a lawyer, _ she wants to be. A. who B. that C. what D. which15.I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the mangers plan is unfair. A. to sound B.
28、to be sounded C. sounding D. to have soundedII.单句改错1. Everything your parents have done it is good to you.2. The place where I visited yesterday is very beautiful.3. Do you have anything which you dont understand ?4. This is the best TV which is made in China.5. My uncle has come back from abroad, t
29、hat I havent met for a long time.6. This is the ring in which she spent 1000 dollars.7. Which we know, China is a developing country.8. Such teachers who know Tom think him bright.9. The house is belonging to Dr. Smith.10. He was knowing that he was wrong at that time.III.翻译句子 1. 我知道在地震中幸好没有一个人死亡。_2
30、. 他又犯了同样的错误，这使得老师很生气。_3. 他的包被偷了，他把所有的钱都放在了那里。_4. 正如我们预料的，他准时来参加了那个聚会。_5. 斯密斯先生几个月前作了一个报告，他下周将再来。_AnswersI.单项选择1. D 这是一道非限制性定语从句题。所缺空格为关系代词作主语，来代替后面整个句子。 当定语从句位于句首时，不用which。2. D 这是一道非限制性定语从句题。先行词为evening,在从句中作介词about的宾语。3. D 这是一道非限制性定语从句题。先行词为two buildings, 在从句中作介词of的宾语。4. B 名词way后面的定语从句通常有三种形式，即：the
31、 way that/in which/.5. C 本题考察定语从句。先行词为the English party , 在从句中作介词in的宾语，等于my students acted in the English party at the New Years party.6. C 此句中，business应翻译成“公司”，所以句意为：我在一家公司工作，在那儿差不多每个人都等待机会。关系副词作状语。 7. B 解题时，可以去掉句中的just the name suggests 部分，因为它只是起到了插入干扰的作用， 这样再把前后连你来的时候，就会很清楚地看出来，这是一道关系副词where引导的定语
32、从句。 8. C 本题考察定语从句和表语从句。第一空考察定语从句，现行词the place在从句中作介词宾语。第二空考察表语从句，连词where在从句中作地点状语。本句的意思是“桥梁应修建的地方应该是在过桥交通最繁忙的地方。” 9. D 本题考察定语从句。先行词friends在从句中作介词宾语，等于some of the friends are businessmen. 10. B 本题考察定语从句。先行词one 在从句中动词词组turn to 的宾语，关系代词whom被省略。11. D 本题考察定语从句。句子的意思是：男女一起逛商店时，如果商店能为男士提供就座的椅子，女士就可商店里多逛一会。
33、先行词chair在从句中作地点状语。12. B 本题考察定语从句。先行词为floods.从句的意思是：人民今天仍遭受洪水带来的影响， 等于the people are still suffering its effects. 从句中与floods有关的是its，作定语。 13. A 本题考察定语从句, 该句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为1999 to 2003 是指一段时间，使用介词during. 从句等于During that time, he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union. which time 代
34、替1999 to 2003.关系代词which限定名词time, 而不是做定语，因此C项是错误的。14. D 本题考察非限制性定语从句.关系代词which 在从句中作宾语。此句先行词为sister.从句的意思是：她想让她成为一个律师。（She wants her sister to be a lawyer.） 在非限制性定于从句中which也可以指人，等于whom。 15. A 本题考察动词sound的用法，sound 可作实意动词使用，意思为“发出声音；弄响，吹响；按响；发出声音以表示”。sound还可以用作联系动词，意思为“听起来”。联系动词没有被动形式，也不用能用进行时态，属于状态动词,
35、 这个句子的意思是：我并不想让别人听起来我在说人的坏话，但是经理的打算不公正。II.单句改错1. 去掉it2. where改为which/that /3. which改为that 或去掉。4. which 改为that.5. that改为whom。6. in改为on。7. Which 改为As。8. who 改为that。9. is belonging 改为belongs。10. was knowing改为knew。III.翻译句子 1. Luckily none of the people who I know were killed in the earthquake.2. He made
36、 the same mistakes again ,which made his parents very angry.3. Her bag ,in which she put all her money, has been stolen.4. He, as we expected, came to the party on time.4. 5. Mr. Smith, who gave a talk several months ago, will come again next week.练习二I.单词拼写1. The guider told all the t_ that they wou
37、ld arrived at the next camp at about 9 p.m.2. Did you hear of the story “ The E_ New Clothes”? 3. The prisoner was brought to c_ for trial.4. I was a_ by the news of Georges sudden death.5. Theres a large variety of g_ in the shops.6. They asked me so many questions that I got c_.7. Gas and coal are
38、 f_.8. If we want everyone to be healthy, w_ and happy, strict birth control is quite essential.9. Like a_, like book.10. The teacher gave us a d_ of the new words yesterday . 11. The man made a s_ to the police.12. Its good to your health drinking a small q_ of milk in he morning.13. This is the p_
39、 who have us a talk last month.14. We can make shoes from the s_ of animals. II.短语归纳1. 轮流 2. (坏事)突然发生，爆发 3. 关进监狱 4。 坚持（某种）说法 5。和做生意 6。 了解 7。 给留下深刻的印象 8。 全国 9。 纸币 10。 做笔录 11。最畅销的书 12。用黄金和白银砌成 13。被所震撼 14。 对感到困惑 15。 可用的III.从下面方框里选择合适的词填空。decided China stopped took customs war while prisoners famous who
40、 trade Europe Italian sea spent travels so called coal unfortunatelyMarco Polo was an _ explorer who traveled through many parts of Asia. He was born in Venice, Italy in 1254. His father, Nicolo Polo was a _ merchant. He often _ long periods at sea away from Marco. One day Nicolo _ to bring Marco on
41、 a trip to _. The ship _ at ports in America, Russia, Persia and Macedonia and it _ 6 years to get to China. Marco was greatly surprised at Chinese _ and skills such as using _ for heating, paper money, noodle-making and many other things._, when they returned to Venice many years later, Genoa and V
42、enice were at _. Marco joined the Venetian troops and was caught by Genoas forces._ in prison, Marco entertained _ by telling them of his _. One prisoner liked them _ much that he wrote a book about Marcos travels _ The Description of the World. This book became _ after Marcos death. The book influe
43、nced Christopher Columbus, _ tried to find a different _ route between Asia and _. The book also informed people about the world beyond Europes borders. IV单项选择1.- I think you should phone Jeanne and say sorry to her. -_ . It was her fault. A. No way B. Not possible C. No chance D. Not at all.2. It w
44、as autumn _ his wife returned from Spain.A. since B. when C. before D. that3. He set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived4. Sorry to have interrupted you, please go on.- Where was I?- You _ you didnt like your fathers job. A. had said B.
45、said C. were saying D. had been saying5. I dont know where are my glasses, _ I cant read anything. A. with which B. by which C. without which D. in which 6. Taiwan is part of China, _ is known to all the world. A. what B. as C. that D. such 7. The reason _ she explained seemed reasonable. A. why B.
46、that C. what D. if 8. To my _, he was able to recite the whole poem from memory. A. amaze B. amazed C. amazement D. amazing9. The foreigners are _by the _ achievements that the Chinese have made recently in socialist construction A. amazingamazing B. amazedamazed C. amazedamazing D. amazingamazed10.
47、The instructions on the box are very _. A. confused B. confusing C. confusion D. confuse11.He was against the law and put into _ last month for robbery. A. the prison B. a prison C. prison D. prison 12.When it stopped, people got on the bus _. A. in turn B. on the turn C. by turn D. at every turn 13
48、. The May Fourth Movement against imperialism and feudalism _ in Beijing in 1919. A. broke down B. broke out C. broke into D. broke up 14. We firmly _ the fundamental principles of Marxism- Leninism. A. stand up B. stand about C. stand by D. stand back15. The pollutant will give off a large _ of hea
49、t.A. quantity B. sum C. number D. lotV.翻译句子1. 马可也相应地被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。_2. 他回到家乡后不久，一场区域性的战争在他家乡附近爆发了。_3. 虽然人们爱读他的书，但许多人认为马可写的东西太离奇而不足信。_4. 但马可总是信守他所讲的每一个故事。_5. 他在中国参观的第一个博物馆是历史博物馆。_ Answers I.单词拼写1.travellers 2.Emperors 3. court 4. amazed 5. goods 6. confused 7. fuels 8. wealthy 9. author 10. dictation 1
50、1. statement 12. quantity 13. professor 14. skinsII.短语归纳1. in turn 2. break out 3. put into prison 4. stand by 5. do trade with6. learn about 7. be impressed by 8. across the country 9. paper money10. take dictation 11. the best-selling book 12. be covered in gold and silver1. be amazed by 14. be co
51、nfused by 15。be available III. 从下面方框里选择合适的词填空。Italian sea spent decided China stopped took customs coal Unfortunately war While prisoners travels so called famous who trade Europe IV单项选择1.A 本题考察交际用语。 根据上下文我们可知道，答语认为是珍妮的错，让“我”给她道歉是根本不可能的事情，应用“No way”（ 类似汉语的“没门”）， 来表达这种意思。2. B 本题考察定语从句。句中it表示时间，先行词为au
52、tumn.3. D 本题考察基本句型。 连词 and连接set out and arrived ，表示两个动作先后发生的顺序。4. C 本题考察时态。 根据语境我们知道，前句询问“刚才我说到哪儿了？”，因此后者的回答应针对当时那一刻在说什么，表示过去具体时间正在发生的事情。5. C 本题考察定语从句， 现行词为glasses, 定语从句的意思为：没有眼镜，我什么也看不成。6. B 本题考察as引导的定语从句， as 代替前面整个句子，在从句中作主语。7. B 本题考察定语从句，现行词为reason，在从句中作动词explained的宾语。8. C 本题考察词义。to ones amazemen
53、t的意思为 “使某人惊奇的是”。9. C 本题考察amazing和amazed的区别。amazing 和物有关的名词连用。amazed和人有关的名词连用。be amazed by/at的意思为“对。感到惊奇。10. B 本题考察词义辨析。confused和confusing作表语使用时，前者主语是人，后者主语是物。confusion 为名词， confuse 为动词。11. D 本题考察词组。12. A 本题考察由turn 构成的词组。in turn依次，轮流, on the turn 正在转变，快要转变, by turn 轮流，交替 ,at every turn 出处；事事；每次13. B
54、本题考察动词词组。break down 破坏；发生故障 break out 发生；爆发 break into 闯入；突然开始 break up 破碎；解散 14. C本题考察动词词组。stand up 站起来；起立， stand about 闲立着，stand by 支持；保卫；坚持，stand back 退后，不参与做出决定15. A 本题考察词组a large quantity of (大量的), 后面可跟不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。V.翻译句子1. Marco, in turn, was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was.2
55、. Not long after his return, a local was broke out near his town.3. Although people enjoyed reading his books, many of them thought that Marcos stories about China were too fantastic to be true.4. But Marco always stood by his tales. 5. The first museum that he visited in China was the History Museum.