1、Internet EnglishTwenty years ago the British inventor Tim Berners-Lee created the worlds first webpage.It is worth pausing to consider the extraordinary influence that his invention has had on the English language.Everyday words like google,unfriend and app simply didnt exist in 1990.Even more words
2、 have had unexpected changes in meaning in those two decades.If you had mentioned tweeting to an English-speaker a few years ago,he would have assumed you were talking about bird noises,not the use of the microblogging site Twitter.Long ago,if someone lived online,it didnt mean they spent every waki
3、ng minute on the Internet,but that they travelled around with the rail network.“The Internet is an amazing medium for languages，”said David Crystal,honorary professor of linguistics at the University of Bangor.“Language itself changes slowly but the Internet has speeded up the process of those chang
4、es so you notice them more quickly.”English is a remarkably inclusive language,and if words continue to be used for at least five years they generally end up in the Oxford English Dictionary.多积词汇extraordinary adj.非凡的；特别的assume v.假定；设想medium n.媒介honorary adj.荣誉的；名誉的linguistics n.语言学speed up 加速；使加速rem
5、arkably adv.非常地；显著地；引人注目地inclusive adj.包容广泛的原文呈现读文清障Which English?When you receive a phone call from a friend,how long does it take you to know who it is？When 引导时间状语从句，主句中含有固定句式：It takes sb.some time to do sth.“某人花多长时间做某事”。who it is 为宾语从句，用陈述语序。Section Introduction&Reading Pre-reading原文呈现读文清障A few s
6、econds,perhaps.The quality of someones voice and their choice of words make a person instantly recognisable，even though you cant see him or her.instantly/nstntli/adv.立即，马上recognisable/rekgnazbl/adj.能辨认的，能认出的even though 引导让步状语从句。原文呈现读文清障In this sense everybodys use of language whether English,Chinese
7、,or any other is different.You could say that there are as many varieties ofEnglish,or any other language for that matter，as there are speakers of it.in this sense 从这种意义上说varieties ofvarious各种各样的for that matter在那方面，就此而论原文呈现读文清障English is spoken as an official language in more than60 countries across
8、 the world and it can sound very different from place to place.Pronunciation,as well as grammar and vocabulary,can change very quickly from one area to another.more than(over)超过，多于sound 听起来。此处 sound very different 构成系表结构。from place to placefrom one place to anotheras well as(in addition to)以及原文呈现读文清
9、障For example,within London the most famous dialect is cockney .It is only usually spoken by people from the east of that city so it is not the only form of English you will hear.You can usually tell which part of the English-speaking world someone comes from by their accent，and there are some very r
10、ecognisable accents all over Britain.It is also quite easy to tell British and American English apart.dialect/dalekt/n.方言，地方话cockney/kkni/n.伦敦东区土话so“因此，所以”，是并列连词，表示因果关系。you will hear 是定语从句，修饰the only form of English，关系代词 that 省略。by their accent 根据他们的口音本句中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语。tell.apart 区分开原文呈现读文清
11、障Although most people believe there is a right and a wrong way to speak English，there is not really a standard form that everyone can agree on21.English spread across the world over hundreds of years because of22 trade,exploration and business,and this process produced many different Englishes.Altho
12、ugh 引导让步状语从句，该从句中又含有一个宾语从句。that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 form。21 agree on 指“(双方或多方协商后)在方面取得一致意见”。22 because of 后跟名词(短语)或代词。because 后跟句子。原文呈现读文清障Professors of linguistics23，writers and teachers all worry about providing a perfect model to follow24 but as it is so widely spoken 25，it has become impossible to say
13、which English is“correct”and which is“incorrect”26.23 linguistics n语言学24 to follow 作后置定语，修饰 model。25 as it is so widely spoken是原因状语从句。26 and 连接两个 which 引导的宾语从句，作 say 的宾语。原文呈现读文清障Perhaps correctness doesnt matter 27 as long as 28speakers can understand each other 29 its communication that counts30.27
14、 matter/mt/v.重要，要紧；有关系28 as long as 只要，引导条件状语从句，也可写作 so long as。29 强调句型，被强调部分是communication。30 count/kant/v.很重要；很有价值(to be important/valuable)哪种英语？第 13 段译文当你接到朋友的电话的时候，你要花多久才能知道对方是谁？或许几秒钟而已。一个人的音质及措词都能让这个人立即被辨认出来，即使你看不见他/她。从这种意义上说，每个人对语言的使用不管是英语、汉语，或者其他任何语言都是不同的。你可以说，英语，或者就此而论，任何别的语言，有多少使用者，就有多少种变体。
15、英语在全世界六十多个国家被作为官方语言使用，而且各地的英语听起来差别会很大。发音、语法、词汇在不同的地方都可能会很快发生变化。例如，在伦敦，最著名的方言是 cockney(伦敦腔)。通常仅仅是伦敦东部的人说这种方言，因此它绝不是你能听到的唯一一种英语。根据口音，你能够分辨出人们来自英语世界的哪个地区，而在英国各地也有一些非常明显的口音。要把英式英语和美式英语区分开也很容易。尽管大多数人都相信说英语的方式有正确与错误之分，但是确实没有一种人人都认同的标准模式。几百年来由于贸易、探险以及商业的发展，英语已传播到世界各地，在此进程中产生了许多不同种类的英语。语言学教授、作家以及教师都在为提供一种完美
16、的模式而忧虑，但是，由于英语使用如此之广，要想说出哪种英语正确和哪种英语错误已经变得不可能。也许正确与否不要紧只要说话的人互相明白就行重要的是交流本身。原文呈现读文清障31or rather 更确切地说(常用作插入语)32 此处是动词不定式的省略形式。为避免重复，作宾语或谓语的一部分的动词不定式再次出现时，往往省略，只保留动词不定式符号 to。33 sent there.是过去分词短语 作 后 置 定 语，修 饰prisoners。AustraliaGday!Dya speak Strine?Or rather 31，Hello!Do you speakAustralian?Australia
17、 is one of the youngest nations in the world.The first English speakers arrived little more than 200 years ago and they didnt want to32.Most of them were prisoners sent there to work33.原文呈现读文清障34 especially adv.尤其，特别 35 trace/tres/n.痕迹，踪迹36 which 引导非限制性定语从句，which 指代整个主句的内容，并在 从 句 中 作 主 语，why the Aus
18、tralian accent.作表语。37 people 在这里是“民族，种族”的意思，是可数名词。They came from all over Britain,but especially34 from Northern Ireland and the London area,which is why the Australian accent today has traces 35 of both Irish and cockney speech patterns 36.The English speakers found a people37原文呈现读文清障38 who 引导定语从句，
19、修饰a people。39 Aborigine n澳大利亚土著40 an extraordinary variety异常丰富的种类41 unique/junik/adj.独一无二的；独特的be unique to(对某地、某人、某民族来说)独特的，特有的42 pass into 融入，纳入，变为其中的一部分who had been living in Australia for more than 50,000 years 38 the Aborigines39，and an extraordinary variety 40 of wildlife,unique41 to the contin
20、ent.Many of the Aboriginal words for these animals,such as kangaroo,koala and kookaburra soon passed into42 the language.原文呈现读文清障43 lie in(问题、答案、责任、困难等)在于44 intonation/ntnen/n.语调45 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语“to understand.”。46 common adj.常见的，普通的But the main differences between Australian English and
21、other varieties of English lie in43the individual sounds and intonation44 patterns.Sometimes it is difficult for British and American people to understand45the Australian accent,and mistakes are common46.原文呈现读文清障47 author/n.作家，作者48 holding a copy of the book是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随。49 said 与前面的 came up to 为并
22、列谓语。A few years ago a well-known English author 47 was signing copies of his books in a Sydney bookshop.A customer came up to the author holding a copy of the book48 and said49 Emma Chissit.The author thought that EmmaChissit was the womans name.原文呈现读文清障50 in case 以防万一，以防 in case of 如果，假使51 had been
23、 asking是过去完成进行时。But when he asked how to spell the name,in case 50 the customer wanted him to write her name in the book(To Emma Chissit,withbest wishes),he realised that the customer had been asking51 the question:How much is it？第 45 段译文 澳大利亚Gday！Dya speak Strine？更确切地说，Hello！Do you speak Australian
24、？澳大利亚是世界上最为年轻的国家之一。第一批说英语的人在仅仅 200 年前到了这里他们并非出于自愿。他们中的大部分都是当时发配到那里做工的犯人。他们来自英国各地，但主要是来自北爱尔兰以及伦敦地区，这也是现在的澳大利亚口音带有爱尔兰以及伦敦东区土话语言模式痕迹的原因。这些讲英语的人发现了当地的一个民族澳大利亚土著人，他们已经生活在澳大利亚 50 000 多年了；还发现了该大洲独有的异常丰富的野生生物种类。澳大利亚土著人关于这些动物的很多词语，比如袋鼠kangaroo、树袋熊koala以及笑翠鸟kookaburra，很快就融入了语言中。但澳大利亚英语和其他英语的最主要区别在于单音和音调模式。有时候
25、英美国家的人很难理解澳大利亚口音，所以通常也就容易犯错误。前些年，一位著名的英国作家到悉尼的一家书店签售他的书。一名顾客手里拿着一本书朝作者走来，并说了句“Emma Chissit”。这个作者以为 Emma Chissit 是这位女士的名字。但当他询问如何拼写顾客名字以便她要自己在书上签名之用时献给 Emma Chissit，并致敬意，他突然明白过来顾客问的是：这本书多少钱？原文呈现读文清障Jamaica and SingaporeAustralian English comes directly from English spoken in Britain52.But in other co
26、untries where English is spoken as a first language53 this is not the case 54.The variety of English spoken in Jamaica,and other Caribbean countries,has some of the grammatical features5552 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 English。53 where 引导定语从句，修饰 countries。54 case n情况，事实as is often the case正如常见的情形那样55 feature n特征，
27、特色原文呈现读文清障of the African languages spoken by the ancestors56 of the Jamaican people,so that there is often no apostrophe57s(s)58 (that woman house,instead of that womans house)or no link59verb or article(He good man,instead of Hes a good man).Another feature is the rhythm60.It is the rhythm of rap m
28、usic,which became popular in the US in the 1980s61.56ancestor/nsest/n.祖先，前辈57 apostrophe/pstrfi/n.表示所有格的撇号58 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 languages;so that 引导结果状语从句。59 link/lk/n.联系 60 rhythm/rm/n.节奏；韵律61 in the 1980s 在 20 世纪 80年代原文呈现读文清障On the other side of the world,in Singapore,English is a second language,spok
29、en by about half the population 62.Other languages include Malay and Chinese.Almost everyone in Singapore is bilingual63，while64 some people speak three or four languages.The most common variety of English spoken is known as Singlish.62 population n人口，居民population 作主语，强调整体时，谓语动词用单数，强调个体时，谓语动词用复数。表示人
30、口的多少用 large 或 small，而不用 many 或 few；对 population的数量提问用 what。63 bilingual/balwl/adj.双语的，会讲两种语言的bi-是前缀，意为“二，两倍”。64 while 而，表示对比。原文呈现读文清障Sentences in Singlish often end with65 the word lah.The variety has been influenced in particular66by Malay and the Chinese dialect Hokkien(language spoken in Minnan),
31、both in grammatical features and vocabulary.Today there is a debate6765 end with 以结束 begin with 以开始66 in particular 特别，尤其(particularly)67 debate/dbet/n.讨论；辩论lively/heated/widespread/publicdebate 热烈的讨论/激烈的争论/广泛的讨论/公开的辩论原文呈现读文清障68 which 引导非限制性定语从句。69 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 the Speak Good English Movement。in S
32、ingapore about which variety of English is the best:Singlish,or a variety closer to British English,68 which is the aim of the Speak Good English Movement created in 199969.第 67 段译文 牙买加和新加坡澳大利亚英语直接源于英国英语。但是在其他将英语作为第一语言的国家，却不是这样。牙买加以及其他加勒比海沿岸国家的英语变体就有非洲语言的一些语法特征，牙买加人的祖辈们使用的就是这些非洲语言，所以他们的英语中经常没有表示所有格的
33、撇号以及 ss that woman house，而不是 that womans house，没有连系动词和冠词He good man，而不是Hes a good man。另外一个特点就是节奏。其语言的节奏就像是 20 世纪 80 年代在美国流行的说唱音乐。而在地球的另一端新加坡，英语作为第二语言在被大约一半的人口使用着。其他语言有马来语以及汉语。新加坡几乎每一个人都会说两种语言，有些人甚至会说三到四种语言。这里最常见的英语变体被称为 Singlish 新加坡式英语。新加坡式英语中的句子通常是以 lah 一词结尾。此种语言变体在语法特征以及词汇方面尤其受到马来语以及汉语中一种叫作 Hokkie
34、n 即客家话。闽南地区使用的方言的影响。如今在新加坡还有一个关于哪种英语变体最好的争论：是新加坡式英语还是一种更接近于英式英语的变体，这也是 1999 年开始开展的“讲好英语活动”的目的。.Match the word with its meaning.1instantly A方言，地方话2recognisable B痕迹，踪迹3dialect C立即，马上4matter D语调5count E伦敦东区土话6trace F独一无二的；独特的7unique G双语的，会讲两种语言的8intonation H讨论；辩论9author I祖先，前辈10ancestor J节奏；韵律11link K联
35、系12rhythm L作家，作者13bilingual M很重要；很有价值14debate N重要，要紧；有关系15cockney O能辨认的，能认出的答案：15 COANM 610 BFDLI 1115 KJGHE.Write down the meaning of phrases in each sentence.1I dont know which one is mine.I cant tell them apart.2You can go out to play as long as you stay in the back yard._3I will meet him,or rath
36、er I will ask him to meet me._区分开只要更确切地说4The future of our country lies in education.5In case there is a fire,what will we do first？6She stressed that point in particular in todays meeting.7The peace talk between two countries ended with signing an agreement.在于万一特别，尤其以结束We have learnt English for a
37、long time.Do you know in which countries people speak English？The following pictures can help you.答 案：Britain America Canada Australia Jamaica Singapore.Fast-readingSkim the text and match each paragraph with its main idea.Paras.13 AEnglish spoken in Australia.Paras.45 BThough everybodys use of Engl
38、ish isdifferent,its communication that counts.Paras.67 CEnglish spoken in Jamaica and Singapore.答案：BAC.Careful-readingRead the text carefully and choose the best answer.1Which of the following is TRUE?AEveryone can speak a different language.BAlmost everyone has a different way of speaking.CCockney
39、is spoken by people from the west of London.DIts impossible to tell British and American English apart.2Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?AHandwriting.BPronunciation.CGrammar.DVarieties of English.3Its difficult for us to tell which English is correct because _.AEnglish has such
40、 a large vocabularyBthere are many different varieties of English in the worldCBritish English grammar and vocabulary change greatlyDthe standard form of English is only used by professors of linguistics and writers答案：13 BAB.Study-readingAnalyse the following difficult sentences in the text.1They ca
41、me from all over Britain,but especially from Northern Ireland and the London area,which is why the Australian accent today has traces of both Irish and cockney speech patterns.句式分析尝试翻译 _他们来自英国各地，但主要是来自北爱尔兰以及伦敦区，这就是现在澳大利亚英语带有爱尔兰和伦敦口音的原因。2The variety of English spoken in Jamaica,and other Caribbean co
42、untries,has some of the grammatical features of the African languages spoken by the ancestors of the Jamaican people,so that there is often no apostrophe s(s).or no link verb or article.句式分析尝试翻译 _牙买加以及其他加勒比海沿岸国家的英语有非洲语言的一些语法特征，牙买加人的祖先们使用的是非洲语言，所以他们所使用的英语中通常没有所有格符号 s_(s)也没有系动词和冠词 “课时跟踪检测”见“Module 4 课时跟踪检测（一）”(单击进入电子文档)谢谢 观 看
