1、2008届高考第二轮复习英语语法讲解冠 词1. 冠词的泛指和特指用法泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定意义的人或事物.也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特指的人或事物。冠词的泛指和特指用法可归纳为下表：单数可数名词一定要用冠词 复数可数名词和不可数名词 a,an 泛指单一，每一, 任一事物 the特指 上文提到的人或事物 被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物 指类别 说话双方默认的人或事物 the 特指: 1.上文提到过的人或事物 2.被限制性修饰语所限度的人或事物 3.说话双方默认的人或事物 4.世上独一无二的事物 零冠词 泛指
2、的人或事物 指类别 指类别 不定冠词修饰可数名词.其意思为一个；定冠词既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，往往表特指.其意思相当于这个，单数可数名词只要不用在抽象化的语境中，一定要加冠词(或者加不定冠词，或者加定冠词)。这时不妨可用一个或这个(种)来检验。（1）-Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning.-Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a（2）Most animal have little conne
3、ction with _ animals of _ different kind unless they kill them for food.A. the; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; /2.不定冠词a(n)的几种特殊用法（1）不定冠词a(n)用于有或没有形容词修饰的抽象名词前。Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.许多人都持相同的看法，在当前国际贸易交往中，英语知识是必备的知识。（2）不定冠词s(n)用于有形容词修饰的一日二餐前。
4、Before I go to work every morning, Ive a light breakfast.我每天早晨上班前.吃点简单的早餐。（3）不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的季节、日期前。 The traffic accident happened on a Sunday towards the end of July.车祸是7月底的一个星期天发生的。（4）不定冠词a(n)用于序数词前，表示一次，又一。How important it is to learn a second language!再学一门语言是多么重要啊!（5）不定冠词a(n)表示per的意思。His income
5、 is one thousand yuan a month.他的月收入是1000元。（6）不定冠词a(n)用于有goodgreat many修饰的名词复数前。Ive visited the Great Wall a good many times.我参观过长城好多次。 （7）不定冠词a(n)用于形式为复数，但意义仍为单数的名词前。A thousand miles is a good distance.一千英里是相当远的距离。（8）不定冠词a(n)用于一些原来是动词的名词前。Lets have a walk around the playground after supper.晚饭后，让我们围着
6、操场散步吧!（9）有一些抽象名词：advice(忠告)，behavior(行为)，fortune(运气)，fun(娱乐)，information(情报)，progress(进步)，damage(损害)，harm(伤害) 等，即使被形容词修饰，也不加不定冠词。Karl Marx gave us some advice on how to learn foreign language well.卡尔马克思就怎样学好外语，提出了许多建议。（10）用在某些固定词组中。A few, a little, a lot of, a bit, a couple of, all of a sudden(突然),
7、as a matter of fact(实际上), in a hurry(匆忙的), in a word(简言之), have a good time(玩得愉快), do sb. a favour(帮忙), pay a visit to(访问), as a rule(惯例), as a whole(总之), in a day or two(一两天), in a way(在某种程度上), of a size(大小相同), have a word with sb.(与交谈), make a living(谋生), take a pride in(自豪), take a walk(break, ba
8、th, seat)(散步(休息、洗澡、就座), a great deal of(大量), be a pity(遗憾), have a cold(headache, fever)(感冒(头痛、发烧), many a(许多), catch a cold(感冒).3.用冠词与不用冠词的差异在某些习惯用语中，用还是不用冠词，意义不同，有时甚至差别很大，使用时要特别注意。at table 进餐at the table 在桌子旁in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里by sea 乘船（由海路）by the sea 在海边go to sea 当水手go to the sea
9、去海边in future 从今以后，将来in the future 未来on earth 究竟on the earth 在地球上，在世上go to school (church) 上学（做礼拜）go to the school (church) 到学校（教堂）去in front of 在（外部的）前面in the front of 在（内部的）前面on horseback 骑着马on the horseback 在马背上take place 发生take the place of 代替two of us 我们当中的两人the two of us 我们两人（共计两人）out of questio
10、n 毫无疑问，一定out of the question 不可能on the whole = in general 大体上，一般地as a whole = altogether 全部地，整体A most important meeting 一个重要的会议the most important meeting 最重要的会议A third time 又一次the third time 第三次at a distance 稍远一些in the distance 在远处A number of 许多the number of 的数目for a moment 一会儿for the moment 目前，暂时be
11、 in charge of 负责be in the charge of 由负责，在掌管之下by day 在白天by the day 按日计算in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 为所有in sight of 能看见in the sight of 据的见解in place of 代替in the place of 在的地方be of age 成年be of an age 同龄take advice 征求意见take the advice 听从劝告He is still in office. 他仍在执政。He is still in the office
12、. 他仍在办公室里。1.Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _thirteenth century.A. the; / B. the; the C. /; the D. /; /2. It is not rare in _ that people in _ fifties are going to university for further education.A. 90s; their B. the 90s; / C. 90s; / D. the 90s; their3. Summ
13、er in _ south of France are for _ most part dry and sunny.A. /; a B. the; / C. /; / D. the; the 4. Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless they hunt them for food.A. the; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; he5. Mr. Smith, theres a man at _ front door who says he has _
14、news for you of great importance.A. file: / B. the; the C. /; / D. /; the6. The warmth of _ sweater will of course be determined by the short of _ wood used.A. the; file B. die; / C. /; / D. /; / 7. A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _ leg.A. a B one C. the D. his8. I dont like talking o
15、n _ telephone. I prefer writing _ letters.A. a; the B. the; / C. the; the D. a; /9. Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand that is quite _.exciting experience.A. /; the B. /; an C. an; an D. the; the10. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain good knowledge of basic word formation
16、. A. / B. the C. a D. one11. The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have _ third one because _ second one is rather too smallA. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a12. There s _ dictionary on _ desk by your side.A, a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the13. -Where is my blue shirt?-It s in the washing ma
17、chine. You have to wear _ different one.A. any B. the C. a D. other14. The sign reads In case of _ fire, break the glass and push _ red button.A. /; a B. /; the C. the; the D. a; a15. I earn 10 dollars _ hour as _ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.A. a; an B. the; a C. an; a D. an; the2006全国各省市高考试卷中的
18、冠词试题:1. (全国卷I）30.-Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? -Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one2. (全国卷2)19. I know you dont like _ music very much. But what do you think of _ music in the film we saw yesterday?A. /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the3. (北京卷)26. - I knoc
19、ked over my coffee cup. It went right over _ keyboard.- You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer.A. the; 不填 B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a4. (重庆卷)25.Everywhere man has cut down _ forests in order to grow crops，or to use _ wood as fuel or as building material.A. the; the B. the;/C./；the D./；/5. (辽宁卷)21.Of
20、 all_reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my fathers advice was _ most important one.A. the; a B.不填；a C.不填;the D. the; the6. (陕西卷)15.According to _World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent _ spread of AIDS. A. the; 不填B. the; the C. a; a
21、 D.不填; the7. (湖南卷)22.In_ review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of _ heart disease by 76%.A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填D.不填;a8. (浙江卷)3. Dont worry if you cant come to _ party. - Ill save _ cake for you.(+代词)A. the ; some B. a ; much C. the ; any D. a ; little9. (山东卷)21. For him _ stage is just _ means of making a living.A. a; a B. the; a C. the; the D. a; theKeys: 1-5 BDBCD BCAB