1、Section Grammar 复习主语和动词语法图解探究发现Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth.They call it Anti-Arktikos,or Antarctica.98%of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap.To learn a foreign language well is not easy.Swimming is a good exercise.Whether he will come is doubtful.It is difficult to imagin
2、e a more inhospitable place.I hope to see you soon.He came in and sat down.The student went pale when he saw the teacher.I can easily tell my fathers step.We hadnt walked far when we lost our way.我的发现(1)句中的黑体部分在句中均作。(2)由句可知，不定式、动词-ing 形式、从句作主语时谓语动词通常要用形式。(3)句中用作形式主语。(4)句中，黑体部分均为，且 句中的动词可直接作谓语，而 句中的黑
3、体部分不能单独作谓语。主语单数it动词一、主 语1主语：主语是句子动作的发出者，是句子叙述的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”。2主语通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。通常位于谓语动词前。Many people died during famines every year before liberation.解放前每年有许多人在饥荒中死亡。(名词作主语)Two thirds of these posts are open to fresh college grads.这些岗位中，三分之二是向大学应届毕业生开放的。(数词作主语)
4、The young should respect the old.年轻人应该尊重老年人。(“the形容词”表示一类人作主语)To decide is to act.决定即行动。(动词不定式作主语)Being able to participate in the contest is my honour.能参加比赛是我的荣幸。(动名词作主语)What you said has shaken me up.你说的话令我十分震惊。(从句作主语)It is still a question when we shall have our sports meeting.我们将什么时候举行运动会还是一个问题。
5、(句中 it 为形式主语，when 引导的名词性从句作真正的主语)There is nothing to get excited about.没有什么值得激动的。(there be 句型中，主语通常放在 be 之后)即时演练 1 画出下面句子中的主语It takes us hours to do our homework every day.答案：takes us hours every day.One must admire him for his willingness.答案：must admire him for his willingness.“How do you do？”is a
6、greeting.答案：is a greeting.Itto do our homeworkOne“How do you do？”There is a chemical works over there.答案：There is over there.Five minutes is enough for us to finish the task.答案：is enough for us to finish the task.Learning how to raise the sails,of course,is an important part of a sailors training.答案
7、：，of course,is an important part of a sailors training.a chemical worksFive minutesLearning how to raise the sails二、动 词动词是表示动作、状态或性质等的词。根据词义及在句中的作用可分为实义动词(或称行为动词)、系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。1动词的分类(1)按句法功能分分 类用 法例 句及物动词及物动词后接宾语意义才完整，如 get,reach 等I have learned 2,000 English words.我已经学了 2 000 个英语单词。实义动词不及物动词不及物动
8、词本身意思完整，其后无需跟宾语Tom went out just now.汤姆刚刚出去了。系动词系动词不能独立作谓语，要和表语一起构成系表结构，如 be,become,turn,go,feel 等He seems happy.他看起来很幸福。助动词助动词本身无意义，不能单独作谓语，和主要动词构成各种时态、语态等以及帮助主要动词构成疑问句、否定句或强调句，如do,have,will 等I have heard of him before.我以前听说过他。情态动词情态动词有一定的词义，主要用来表示说话人对某一动作或状态的看法，如 can,may,must 等You neednt do it rig
9、ht away.你不必立刻做这事。(2)按意义分延续性动词能持续一段时间的动作，如learn,live,work 等动态动词非延续性动词不能持续、瞬间发生的动作，如 open,leave,see 等静态动词stand,remain,like,think,sleep,lie 等名师点津 非延续性动词常与表示时间点的时间状语连用，若用于否定句，则可以和表示一段时间的状语连用；而延续性动词可与表示一段时间的状语连用。Every day he opens the shop at eight oclock.每天他 8 点打开店门。They didnt leave home for a month las
10、t year.去年他们有一个月的时间未离开家。He has remained silent for 2 hours.他保持沉默两个小时了。2动词的时态一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在is/am/are/表 语 动作；动词原形第三人称单数，动词原形(e)sis/am/aredoinghas/have/donehas/have/been doing过去was/were 表 语 动作；动词过去式was/were doinghaddonehad beendoing将来 shall/will动词原形shall/will be doingwill havedone过去将来would动词原形woul
11、d be doingwouldhavedone即时演练 2(1)单句语法填空A study last year (show)that about 8 million tons ofplastic enters the oceans every year.Languages cannot be taught;they can only(learn)Mr.Smith,together with his wife and children,(be)going to visit Beijing next month.On one occasion,he (trap)by a snowstorm in
12、a vast mountainous area.showedbe learnediswas trappedHe thanked me for helping him as he (ask)four others before and they told him no.(2)单句改错Last Monday,we hold a monitor election during our class meeting.I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my further education.had askedhol
13、dheldoffered 前加 beenBetween the two rows of trees stand the teaching building.She doesnt her homework in the morning but in the evening.We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.standstandsdoesnt 后加 dochosechoose链接高考单句语法填空1 (2019 全 国 卷)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulation
14、s,three are declining,six (be)stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处陈述的是客观事实，应 用 一 般 现 在 时，six 作 主 语，指 代 six polar bear subpopulations，谓语动词应用复数形式，故填 are。are2(2019全国卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we _(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on th
15、e North Shore under the stars,.解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处表示发生在过去的事情，且主语 we 与动词 invite 之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。were invited3(2018天津高考改编)The gold medal will be awarded to_ wins the first place in the bicycle race.whoever解析：考查名词性从句。句意：金牌将会颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一的任何选手。分析句子结构可知，空格处在从句中作主语，指人，故填 whoever。4(2017全国卷)Fast f
16、ood (be)full of fat and salt;byeating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，该句缺少谓语动词，又因主语为 Fast food，故填 is。is5(2017全国卷)When fat and salt (remove)from food,the food tastes as if is missing something.解析：考查动词的时态和语态。在 w
17、hen 引导的状语从句中没有谓语，故空格处应为谓语部分，由 tastes 可知本句的主体时态为一般现在时，fat and salt 是复数概念，且与 remove 之间为被动关系，应用 remove 的被动语态，故填 are removed。are removed6(2017全国卷)Later,engineers (manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道),which became known as the Tube.解析：考查动词的时态。因为 engineers 与 manage 之间为主动关系，而且由 beca
18、me 可知是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填 managed。managed7(2017北京高考改编)Every year,makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.解析：考查名词性从句。句意：每年，在风筝节，风筝做得最漂亮的人将赢得一份奖品。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空格处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，指人，故填 whoever。whoever8(2016全国卷)Recent (study)show that we are far more productive at work if we
19、 take short breaks regularly.studies解析：考查名词的数。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填的词为句子的主语，谓语动词为 show，故空格处应填 study 的复数形式 studies。演练提能.单句语法填空1One of our rules is that every worker arrive at the company by 8：00 am on weekdays.2(win)the first prize in the English contest made him so excited.3 is obvious that the company has
20、 made the right decision on the sales project.4It is important for those people (know)when to move out.shallWinningItto know5 she won three gold medals in the Asian Games made us very happy.6I think that our choices (influence)by our parents.7I can guess you were in a hurry.You (wear)your sweater in
21、side out.8Smart phone addiction (spread)like an infectious disease during the past few years.9Then the driver stood up and asked，“anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？”10 struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.Thatare influencedare wearinghas spreadDidWhat.完成句子1如何与别人友好相
22、处是你应该学会的第二件事。_ is the second thing you should learn.2另外，养成良好的学习习惯能帮助你有效地促进学习。Besides,can help you improve your learning effectively.3到昨天为止，他们已经收到了来自世界各地的 1 000 多封信。By the end of yesterday,from all over the world.How to get along well with othersdeveloping a good habit of learningthey had received ov
23、er 1,000 letters4应该鼓励学生养成良好的习惯以及表现得更得体。Students to develop good habits and behave themselves better.5幸运的是，她受伤不严重，并且我们把她送到了最近的医院。Luckily she and we sent her to the nearest hospital.should be encouragedwas not badly injured.短文改错Dear Jack，How is everything going recently?Im writing to tell you somethin
24、g about my birthday.The other day we hold a party to celebrate my 18th birthday.I was received many presents from my friends and parents,included cards,books,CDs and so on.During the party we sang and danced,having good time.I thanked my friends for his help and company.At the meantime,I showed my s
25、incerely appreciation to my parents for bringing me up.Now I grow up,that means I should shoulder more responsibilities.Ill try my best to share more houseworks to reduce their burden.Its high time that I do something to repay them.How did you celebrate your 18th birthday?Im looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours sincerely，Li Jin答案：第三句：holdheld第四句：去掉 was;includedincluding第五句：good 前加 a第六句：histheir第七句：AtIn;sincerelysincere第八句：thatwhich第九句：houseworkshousework第十句：dodid 或 do 前加 should谢谢 观 看