1、For much of the last 400 million years,Antarctica was a warm place,covered with forests and animals.Due to the movement of continents,Antarctica moved from the equator to the South Pole,where it is now.Today,Antarctica is the coldest continent on the planet,almost completely covered by a layer of ic
2、e,and entirely lacking of animals aside from a few penguinsand small insects in the coastal areas.But it wasnt always that way.Antarctica was once part of the supercontinent(超大陆)named Gondwana,which lasted up until about 160 million years ago,when it slowly began to break up.Gondwana included many c
3、ontinents,such as South America,Africa,Arabia,India,Australia,and New Zealand.Gondwana was one of the worlds two supercontinents,and the other was Laurasia,which included present North America and Asia.It is reported that fossils of some of the earliest life have been found in the surrounding shallo
4、w seas.Much of the fossil record of the Antarctica is under the ice,but fossils,including those of dinosaurs,can be found in the Antarctica mountains.As Antarctica began to break away from the supercontinent Gondwana 160 million years ago,cooling began.It moved towards south,still connected to Austr
5、alia and South America but separated from Africa.At this point,Antarctica still had a tropical or subtropical climate,but it was located further south,near the latitude of present Australia.Like todays Australia,there were many plants on the continent.Around 40 million years ago,Antarctica separated
6、 from todays Australia and began to cool down even more,its forests dying.Ice and glaciers began to cover the continent,but the final end of Antarcticas life came only about 23 million years ago.It resulted in the continent being covered in a mile-deep layer of ice,as the snow never melted.Today,Ant
7、arcticas ice sheet contains about 70%of all fresh water on Earth.多积词汇the equator n 赤道penguin n.企鹅fossil n.化石adj.化石的；陈旧的tropical adj.热带的subtropical adj.亚热带的latitude n.纬度glacier n.冰河，冰川sheet vt.覆盖Antarctica：the Last ContinentAntarctica is the coldest place on Earth.Its also the driest.With annual rain
8、fall close to zero，Antarctica is technically a desert.Antarctica/ntktk/n.南极洲annual/njul/adj.每年的n.年刊，年鉴rainfall/renfl/n.降水量；降雨量close to 靠近，接近，几乎with 复合结构作原因状语。原文呈现读文清障Section Introduction&Reading Pre-reading原文呈现读文清障Covering about 14 million square kilometres around the South Pole，it is the fifth larg
9、est continent in the world.A high mountain range,the Trans-Antarctic range，runs from east to west,cutting the continent in two.There are volcanoes too,but they are not very active.Antarctica holds 90%of the worlds ice,and most of its fresh water(70%)is in a frozen state，of course.covering about.the
10、South Pole 作状语。the fifth largest 第五大Trans-Antarctic range横贯南极洲的山脉现在分词短语作状语。hold 此处指“拥有”state/stet/n.状态；状况原文呈现读文清障98%of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap.On average it is two kilometres thick,but in some places it reaches a depth of five kilometres.Strong winds driven by gravity blow
11、from the pole to the coastline,while other winds blow round the coast.It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable place.“分数或百分数of名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数要与 of 后面的名词保持一致。permanently adv.永久地，长期地on average 通常，按平均值above/below average 高于/低于平均水平depth/dep/n.深度过去分词短语作后置定语。gravity/rvti/n.重力，地心引力inhospitable/nh
12、sptbl/adj.荒凉的，不适宜居住的南极洲：最后(一块被发现)的大洲第 1 段译文南极洲是地球上最冷的地方，同时也是最干燥的地方。南极洲年降水量几乎为零，严格来说该地区就是一片荒漠。南极洲覆盖了南极圈周围约 1 400 万平方千米的面积，是世界第五大洲。一条横贯南极洲的高大山脉，从东到西将南极洲分为两半。南极洲也有火山，但并不十分活跃。南极洲拥有世界 90%的冰，当然其大部分淡水(70%)都处于一种冰冻状态。南极洲 98%的地表永久地被冰盖覆盖。冰层平均厚度为 2 000 米，但某些地方厚度可以达到 5 000 米。受地球重力影响，会有暴风从极地吹向海岸，同时也有其他方向吹来的风。很难想象
13、比南极洲条件更为恶劣的地方了。adapt(to)(使)适应adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯 extreme/kstrim/adj.极 端的，极度的 n.极端extremely adv.极其，极端，非常21 which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 wildlife。22 which 引导定语从句，修饰winter night。Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife,which has adapted to its extreme conditions21.There are different types of penguins,flying bi
14、rds,seals,and whales.But the long Antarctic winter night,which lasts for 182 days22 (the longest period of continuous darkness on earth),as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall,原文呈现读文清障原文呈现读文清障means that few types of plants can survive there23.Only two types of flowering24 plants are found,
15、while there are no trees on the large continent25.The rest of the plants are made up ofmosses26，algae27 and lichen28.Some forms of algae have adapted to grow on ice.23 means 用第三人称单数形式，与 as well as.前面的winter night 保持数的一致，并且 that 引导宾语从句。24 flower/fla/v.开花25 while 意为“而，然而”，作并列连词，表示对比。26 moss/ms/n.藓；苔藓2
16、7 algae/ldi/n.藻类(植物)28 lichen/laken/n.地衣第 2 段译文 但南极洲仍然栖息着很多野生生物，它们已经适应了那里极其恶劣的条件。这里有不同种类的企鹅、飞禽、海豹以及鲸。但是南极洲冬天的夜晚长达 182 天地球上持续时间最长的黑暗时期，而且气候极度寒冷，降水量极少，这意味着很少有植物能够在这里生存。仅发现了两种开花类植物，而这片大陆上没有树木生长。其他的植物也就是一些苔藓、海藻以及地衣。有些藻类已经适应了在冰上生长。Most of the ice has been there for thousands of years.As a result29，it has
17、 become a window on the past,and can give researchers lots of useful information.Gases and minerals,in the form of 30 volcanic dusttrapped31 in the ice32，can tell us a lot about what the worlds climate was like in past ages33.Antarctic29 as a result 结果30 in the form of 以的形式(介词短语)take the form of 采取
18、的形式(动词短语)31trap/trp/v.储存，留存32 过去分词短语 trapped in the ice 作后置定语。33 what 引导的宾语从句作介词about 的宾语。原文呈现读文清障rocks are also very important for research.Most of them are meteorites34 from outer space35.One rock,known as the“Alien”rock36，may contain37evidence of extraterrestrial 38life.Since most Antarctic rocks
19、 are dark in colour39，they stand out 40 against the white background and are easy to identify and collect.34 meteorite/mitirat/n.陨石35 outer space 太空，外部空间(前面无冠词)36 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 rock。37 contain v包含，容纳38 extraterrestrial/ekstrtrestril/adj.天外的，地球外的39 since 引导原因状语从句。40 stand out 突出，显眼，出色原文呈现读文清障第 3 段译文
20、 南极洲大部分的冰已经有成千上万年的历史了。因此，它已经变成了人们了解过去的窗口，可以为研究者提供大量有用的信息。这些以火山灰的形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。南极洲的岩石对于研究来说也很重要。它们大部分是来自太空的陨石。其中有一块叫做“外星”的岩石，或许含有地球以外生命存在的证据。南极洲的大多数岩石是深色的，它们在白色冰雪的背景下格外显眼，也就易于识别和搜集。Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered41.But more than two thousand years ago Greek g
21、eographers believed that there was a large land mass42 in the south whichbalanced 43 the land in the north44.41 to be discovered 是动词不定式作后置定语，修饰 the last continent。42 mass/ms/n.块，堆，团a mass of 一块，一堆，一团；一大群masses of 许多的，大量的43 balance/blns/v.使平衡44 which 引导限制性定语从句，修饰 land mass。原文呈现读文清障原文呈现读文清障They called
22、 it Anti-Arktikos,or Antarctica：the opposite of Arctic.When Europeans discovered the continent of America in the 15th century 45，the great age of exploration 46 began.However,progress to the South Pole was slow.Not until the late 18th century did the British 47explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic
23、 Circle,but he never saw land.45 When 引导时间状语从句。46 exploration/eksplren/n.(对某地区的)勘查explore v勘探，探险，探索explorer n探险家，勘探员47 not until 位于句首时，主句需部分倒装。原文呈现读文清障Then in 1895,a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink48 became the first man to set foot on49 the Antarctic mainland.The race to the pole had begun.I
24、t was finally reached on 11th December,1911 by the Norwegian Roald Amundsen.48 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 Norwegian。49 set foot on 进入，到达第 4 段译文 南极洲是最后一块被发现的大洲。但在两千多年以前，希腊的地理学家就相信地球南边会存在一大块陆地与北边的陆地保持平衡。他们称之为 Anti-Arktikos 或者 Antarctica，意为“与北极相反的”。在 15 世纪欧洲人发现了美洲以后，一个伟大的探险的时代也随之开始了。然而，到达南极洲的步伐却非常慢。直到 18世纪末，英国探险家詹
25、姆斯库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。后来到了 1895 年，一个叫卡斯腾博克格雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。奔赴南极的竞赛开始了。最终一名挪威人罗尔德阿蒙森于 1911 年 12 月 11 日到达南极。原文呈现读文清障Today scientists from many countries travel to Antarctica to study its resources.A spirit of international friendship has replaced the rivalry50 that existed between many of the e
26、arlier explorers51.In 1961,a treaty52signed by 12 countries 53，including Britain,France,and the USA,made Antarctica the worlds biggest nature reserve.50 rivalry/ravlri/n.(不断的)竞争51 that 引导定语从句，修饰rivalry。52 treaty/triti/n.(国家或政府间的)条约，公约53 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 treaty。原文呈现读文清障The aim of the treaty is to preve
27、nt54 the commercial55and military use of the continent.In particular56，it aims to keep Antarctica free from 57 nuclear 58tests 59and radioactive60 waste;54 prevent v防止，预防prevent sb.(from)doing sth.防止某人做某事55 commercial/kml/adj.商业的56 in particular(particularly)尤其是，特别是57 keep free from 使摆脱58 nuclear/nj
28、ukli/adj.核的，核能的59 test/test/n.试验60 radioactive/reIdiktv/adj.(具有)放射性的原文呈现读文清障to promote 61 international scientific projects;and to end arguments about who owns the land 62.Today countries representing 63 80%of the worlds population 64 have signed the treaty.Antarctica has become perhaps the most suc
29、cessful symbol of mans efforts to work together for progress and peace.61 promote/prmt/v.促进，增进62 who owns the land 是宾语从句作介词 about 的宾语。63 represent v代表，象征represent.as 把描绘成64 现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 countries。第 5 段译文 当今，来自许多国家的科学家到南极洲去研究其资源。一种国际友谊已经代替了存在于许多早期探险家之间的相互竞争。1961 年，包括英国、法国和美国在内的 12 个国家签署了一份条约，使南极洲成为
30、世界上最大的自然保护区。条约的目的在于防止将南极洲用于商业以及军事方面。该条约尤其致力于保护南极洲不受核试验以及放射性废物的污染，推进国际科研项目，并且终止那些关于这片土地所有权的争论。今天代表世界人口 80%的国家已经签署了这份条约。南极洲或许已经成为人类为了进步与和平而共同努力的最成功的标志。.Match the word with its meaning.1explorer A促进，增进2annual B探险者3state C降水量；降雨量4extreme D试验5trap E深度6mass F商业的7balance G(国家或政府间的)条约，公约8test H(不断的)竞争9promo
31、te I(对某地区的)勘查10exploration J每年的11rainfall K使平衡12rivalry L极端的，极度的13treaty M块，堆，团14commercial N状态；状况15depth O储存，留存答案：15 BJNLO 610 MKDAI 1115 CHGFE.Write down the meaning of phrases in each sentence.1The letters stand out well against the dark background.2No one has ever set foot on that rocky island;i
32、ts impossible to land there.3The whole meal was good and the wine in particular was excellent.4When you go to a new country,you must adapt to new manners and customs.5We put our books in the bookcase to keep them free fromdust.6Help in the form of money will be very welcome.突出，显眼进入，到达特别适应使免受以的形式Look
33、 at the pictures and tell your classmates what you can see.Lots of are walking freely.A mountain is covered by heavy and thick.This is the fifth largest in the world,Antarctica.penguinssnowicecontinent.Fast-readingSkim the text and match each paragraph with its main idea.Para.1 AThe Antarctica mainl
34、and.Para.2 BThe Antarctic Treaty.Para.3 CPlants and animals living on Antarctica.Para.4 DThe discovery of Antarctica.Para.5 EA great place for scientific study.答案：ACEDB.Careful-readingRead the text carefully and choose the best answer.1Why does the writer say the Antarctica is a desert?ABecause ther
35、e is no plant here.BBecause the annual rainfall here is close to zero.CBecause it is the coldest place on Earth.DBecause it has strong wind.2Which continent was discovered latest?AAmerica.BAfrica.CAntarctica.DArctic.3What do we know about the land of Antarctica?A90%of its fresh water is in a frozen
36、state.BThere are many active volcanoes in Antarctica.CThe winds are very strong.DNo other plants except the mosses can survive there.4Whats the importance of the gases and minerals trapped in the ice in Antarctica?AThey can tell us a lot about the wildlife in Antarctica.BThey can give us some inform
37、ation about the world climate in the past.CThey may contain evidence of extra-terrestrial life.DThey help us better understand the history of Antarctica.5Who is the first man to reach the pole of the Antarctica mainland?AJames Cook.BCarstens Borchgrevink.CA Greek geographer.DRoald Amundsen.答案：15 BCC
38、BD.Study-readingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1But the long Antarctic winter night,which lasts for 182 days(the longest period of continuous darkness on earth),as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall,means that few types of plants can survive there.句式分析But the long A
39、ntarctic winter night，主句主语which lasts for 182 days(the longest .earth)，非限制性定语从句修饰 winter nightas well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall,means 主句主语的修饰成分 主句谓语that few types of plants can survive there.that 引导的宾语从句尝试翻译 但是南极洲冬天的夜晚长达 182 天(地球上持续时间最长的黑暗时期)，气候极度寒冷，降水量极少，这意味着很少有植物能在这里生存。2Gases and mi
40、nerals,in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice,can tell us a lot about what the worlds climate was like in past ages.句式分析 本句为复合句，in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice 为介词短语作定语，修饰主语 gases and minerals，其中 trapped in the ice 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 volcanic dust,what the worlds climate was like in past ages 作介词 about 的宾语。尝试翻译 以火山灰形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。“课时跟踪检测”见“Module 1 课时跟踪检测（一）”(单击进入电子文档)谢谢 观 看