1、课时素养检测 十四Unit 4Period 2. 阅读理解AWhat is a hero?We may think of the fictional characters with supernatural powers or great people who can influence world events. Now,as the nation continues its all-out efforts to fight against the novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19), medical staff have become heroes
2、in the eyes of the public. As of Feb 19,a total of 32,000 medical staff outside Hubei Province have been working to treat patients around the center of the outbreak. Zhang Dingyu,the president of Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital,is one of these heroes. Since the hospital received the first seven patients in
3、 December,Zhang has been so busy that he barely gets any sleep. Even suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(肌萎缩侧索硬化),the 56-year-old doctor is doing his best to quicken his pace to save precious time for infected patients. “I have to run,racing against time to save more patients from the deadl
4、y disease,because I dont have much time left in my life,”Zhang told Xinhua News Agency. With the duty of saving lives,many medical professionals like Zhang have been working long hours for days,despite their fear and worries. Lu Jingjing from Wuhan Childrens Hospital also works at a temporary mobile
5、 hospital. She does not let her parents know that she is now working with novel coronavirus-infected patients. When her parents ask for a video chat,Lu says she is working and lets her husband and children chat with them instead. “Its dangerous but we should win the battle with the virus as soon as
6、possible,so that medical staff and patients can go back home,”she told China Daily. US writer Khalil Gibran(18831931)once wrote,“Tenderness and kindness are not signs of weakness and despair,but the manifestations of strength and resolution. ”Its true for the medical workers. Everyone has fear,espec
7、ially when it comes to deadly diseases. But for medical staff,saving lives comes first and is enough for them to be brave and stay on the front. They may look like ordinary people in daily life,but in these extraordinary times,they are heroes. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇新闻报道,叙述了在武汉参与抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎的医务人员为战胜疫情所做出的努力。这些最美的
8、逆行者才是真正的英雄。1. What is the authors main purpose in writing this article?A. To explain what makes a modern-day hero. B. To praise medical staff for their efforts to fight against COVID-19. C. To describe what measures China has taken to deal with the virus. D. To show the difficulties faced by medical
9、 staff to treat COVID-19 patients. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。文章为新闻报道,往往在第一段交待写作的中心,故第一段中“Now,as the nation continues its all-out efforts to fight against the novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19),medical staff have become heroes in the eyes of the public. ”可知,在抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎的战役中,医务人员已经成为公众眼中的英雄,因此作者写这篇文章的目的是赞扬奋战在抗击新
10、型冠状病毒肺炎一线的医务人员所做出的努力。故选B项。2. What do we learn from Zhang Dingyus words?A. His illness has turned him into an impatient man. B. His illness makes him work without fear. C. He feels sorry for himself because of his illness. D. He wants to help as many patients as possible. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I have
11、to run,racing against time to save more patients from the deadly disease,because I dont have much time left in my life”可知,张定宇想帮助尽可能多的病人(为他们治疗)。故选D。3. Why doesnt Lu Jingjing answer her parents video calls?A. She is too busy and has no time for video chats. B. She doesnt want her parents to worry abou
12、t her. C. Its not allowed to make a video call from the hospital. D. There is no WiFi signal at the temporary mobile hospital. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。从第五段“Lu Jingjing from Wuhan Childrens Hospital also works at a temporary mobile hospital. She does not let her parents know that she is now working with novel c
13、oronavirus-infected patients. ”可知,陆晶晶不接父母的视频电话是怕父母为自己担心。故选B。4. The underlined word “manifestations” in the second-to-last paragraph probably means_. A. resultsB. differencesC. indicationsD. advantages【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Tenderness and kindness are not signs of weakness and despair”可知,温柔和善良不是软弱和绝望的表
14、现,此处是说它们是力量和决心的表现,由此可知画线词表示“标志、表现”。故选C。BPanic BuyingShoppers around the world are crazy buying because of fears over 2019-nCoV(新型冠状病毒),which caused a critical plague in China and even other countries at the beginning of 2020. People in countries such as England,Japan, Singapore and Australia have be
15、en emptying supermarket shelves of toilet paper,face masks,hand wash products and dried and canned food. Photos and videos of shoppers in Australia quarreling over the last pack of toilet roll in a supermarket have spread across social media swiftly. However, governments have advised their citizens
16、that there is no need to “panic buy”. They added that panic buying would only reduce the supply of products needed by patients and medical staff,which could exacerbate the problems the COVID-19 virus is causing. Singapores prime minister comforted Singaporeans that: “We have enough supplies. Theres
17、no need to stock up. ”A week after the panic buying fever,things have calmed down and shoppers have gone back to purchasing items in normal quantities. Psychologists say panic buying is an “unwise” behavior that is part of a condition called FOMOthe fear of missing out. Dr. Katharina Wittgens said a
18、 herd mentality(从众心理)sets in during disasters that causes people to copy the actions of others. People watch the news of items being bought in quantity and immediately rush out to the stores to do the same. She said people were taking on too much the risks of dying from the coronavirus. She said: “F
19、ar more people die in car accidents or household accidents per year but we dont panic about these things in the morning before we go to work. ”【语篇概述】本文为说明文,介绍了新冠肺炎疫情袭来,世界各地的人们恐慌性疯狂抢购的现象。政府建议市民没有必要抢购。心理学家也分析了恐慌性购买的心理学原因,指出是人们的从众心理导致了这种“不明智”的行为。5. What made shoppers in different countries crazy buying
20、?A. The approach of 2020 New Years Day. B. The shortage of resources and supplies in their nations. C. Their concern about the virus. D. The discount from supermarkets. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第一段第一句Shoppers around the world are crazy buying because of fears over 2019-nCoV,which caused a critical plague in Ch
21、ina and even other countries at the beginning of 2020. 可知,对病毒的担忧导致世界各地的人疯狂购物。故选C。6. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. solve B. releaseC. worsenD. quicken【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据上文They added that panic buying would only reduce the supply of products needed by patients and medical staff可
22、知,他们补充说,恐慌性抢购只会减少患者和医护人员所需物资的供给,从而使COVID-19病毒造成的问题恶化。由此可知,画线单词意为“使恶化”。故选C。7. What is the reason for this behavior according to Dr. Katharina Wittgens?A. People tend to follow others actions in the period of disaster. B. People are wiser in making decisions. C. People think no one needs the supplies.
23、 D. People do not believe what others said. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第三段第二句Dr. Katharina Wittgens said a herd mentality sets in during disasters that causes people to copy the actions of others. 可知,她认为造成这种现象的原因是灾难时期人们的从众心理在作怪。故选A。8. What can be concluded from the last paragraph?A. People should not panic over
24、the virus. B. More people die from car accidents. C. People buy little when they go to the stores. D. We should panic about the situation. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。从文章最后一段最后一句She said: “Far more people die in car accidents or household accidents per year but we dont panic about these things in the morning befor
25、e we go to work. ”可知,人们没有必要对这种病毒感到恐慌。故选A。. 完形填空Last week I met a homeless man over the phone when I was calling Father Bennos,a soup kitchen(贫民救济处). I invited him to have lunch with me at the Soup Plantation so that he could eat as much as he wanted to fill his stomach,I felt 1 inside made me invite
26、 him to lunch. Since he did not have a 2,I offered to pick him up. We had a3 four-hour lunch. I learned a lot about his struggles but more importantly,I left lunch feeling 4 for a roof over my head,warm shower,comfortable bed,and food on the tableall of which we may not 5 twice about. He,too,6 the c
27、onnection,his lunch,and a rest from spending his afternoon on the streets. I learned long ago that one person alone cannot7 the homeless epidemic(泛滥)in California or the U. S. However,each person can make an effort to8the homeless in their own way. Did you know that 40% of the U. S. population get s
28、alary that barely cover the 9 living expenses?Should a financial emergency or burden occur,any one of those 40% can end up 10 on the streets. For this holiday season,perhaps you may want to11 something new to help the homeless. Buy a meal for the person asking for money instead of giving him spare 1
29、2. If you can make the time and find courage,invite them to 13 a meal with you. Jesse Jackson once said,“Never look down on anybody unless you are helping them up,” and Rumi 14 us,“When we practice loving 15 and sympathy,we are the first one to profit. ”【语篇概述】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己邀请无家可归的人吃午餐的经历,告诉读者,虽然只
30、靠一个人不能解决问题,但是一个人可以为问题的解决贡献自己的力量。作者最后写道: “不要轻视任何人。在践行充满爱的善意和同情的时候,我们是第一个受益者。”1. A. everythingB. anythingC. something D. nothing【解析】选C。考查不定代词辨析。everything一切; anything任何事物;something某物;nothing没什么。作者觉得在内心有某种东西在驱使着自己邀请无家可归者吃饭。故选C。2. A. tableB. bedC. roofD. car【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。从下文I offered to pick him up可知,无家
31、可归者没有车,所以作者主动提出开车接他。故选D。3. A. wonderfulB. terribleC. regularD. free【解析】选A。考查形容词辨析。句意: 我们吃了一顿很棒的四小时午餐。wonderful极好的; terrible糟糕的;regular有规律的;free 免费的。由下文的four-hour lunch可知,这顿午饭作者感觉特别好(wonderful)。故选A。4. A. convenientB. gratefulC. responsibleD. thirsty【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。convenient便利的;grateful感激的;responsible
32、负责的;thirsty 口渴的。与无家可归的人相比,作者有自己的屋子,可以洗上热水澡、睡上舒服的床、享用桌子上的食物。作者对此很感恩(grateful)。故选B。5. A. thinkB. talkC. argueD. worry【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。think想;talk聊天; argue争论; worry 担心。文章中提到的a roof over my head,warm shower,comfortable bed,and food on the table 对作者而言都是极其平常的东西,不需要反复思考(think twice)。故选A。6. A. sawB. establishe
33、dC. enjoyedD. regretted【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。saw看见; established建立;enjoyed享受;regretted 后悔。无家可归者也很享受这种联系。故选C。7. A. solveB. causeC. considerD. tolerate【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。solve解决;cause导致;consider考虑;tolerate 忍受。从下文each person can make an effort to _the homeless in their own way可知,一个人不能解决(solve)无家可归者泛滥的问题。故选A。8. A. un
34、derstandB. releaseC. avoidD. help【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。understand理解; release释放;avoid避免;help帮助。 从下文For this holiday season,perhaps you may want to _something new to help the homeless. 中的help(帮助)可知,“每个人都可以以自己的方式努力去帮助无家可归的人”。故选D。9. A. vastB. highC. basicD. extra【解析】选 C。考查形容词辨析。vast巨大的; high高的;basic基本的;extra额外的
35、。barely cover说明经济不宽裕,就只能支付基本生活费用。故选C。10. A. fearlessB. carelessC. homelessD. useless【解析】选C。考查形容词辨析。fearless无畏的;careless粗心的; homeless无家可归的;useless无用的。根据上文 the homeless epidemic in California or the U. S. 可知,如果财政危机或负担出现,这40%的人中的任意一个人可能会无家可归,流落街头。故选C。11. A. buyB. tryC. refuseD. notice【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。buy买
36、;try尝试; refuse拒绝;notice 注意到。下文Buy a meal for the person asking for money instead of giving him spare _. If you can make the time and find courage,invite them to _a meal with you. 都是尝试(try)帮助无家可归者的不同办法。故选B。12. A. mealB. roomC. timeD. change【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。meal饭;room房间;time时间;change 零钱。与前文的asking for mo
37、ney相照应,“为无家可归的人买一顿饭,而不是给他零钱”。故change符合语境。故选D。13. A. cookB. shareC. treatD. provide【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。cook烹饪;share分享;treat对待;provide提供。 如果你有时间,鼓起勇气,邀请他们跟你共享一顿饭。 邀请他们一起吃饭,是分享。故选B。14. A. persuadesB. requestsC. remindsD. warns【解析】选 C。考查动词辨析。persuades劝说; requests要求;reminds提醒; warns警告。句意: Rumi提醒我们,当我们践行充满爱的善意和
38、同情的时候,我们是第一个受益者。故选 C。15. A. appreciationB. honesty C. approvalD. kindness【解析】选 D。考查名词辨析。请无家可归者吃饭,是对无家可归者展现善意(kindness)。故选 D。【技法导练】如何处理阅读中的长难句障碍阅读理解得分低的一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂,除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分,如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等。了解处理长难句的方法,问题便会迎刃而解。1. 找谓语,找定语一般情况下,一个谓语形式的动词对应相应的发出者(主语),我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。如果一
39、个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语动词,则该句可以是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外)。2. 提主干,去枝叶一般情况下,一个句子的主句所表达的信息为主要信息,从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来,就不能完全把握句子的核心意义,从而导致思维混乱,主次不分。3. 寻关联,辨逻辑长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句,它们之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们能找准这些关联词,就能够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系,弄清主、从句的各自意义,长句就变得很容易理解了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中的常见的关联词谙熟于心。4. 看搭配,防分隔有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成的,而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。如果受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的本来面目,则对句意的理解就会发生偏差。总之,在阅读过程中遇到长难句时,根据实际情况综合使用上述方法,才能正确理解句意,提高阅读理解的能力。