1、Section Grammar 被动语态和主谓一致语法图解探究发现Paris is visited by more than eight million tourists every year.The Parthenon was built during this period.The fish tastes delicious.This coat washes easily.My family lives in Cardiff.The class were very interested in Mr Zhangs teaching.Neither he nor you were allowe
2、d to go out at night.Not only he but also all his family are keen on concerts.California,along with Florida and Hawaii,is among the most popular US tourist destinations.The students along with their teacher are going there on foot.我的发现(1)句采用了一般现在时的被动语态，其构成形式为：。(2)句采用了一般过去时的被动语态，其构成形式为：。(3)句中谓语动词用主动形
3、式表示。(4)句中，family,class 等集合名词表示整体时，谓语动词用数；表示个体时，谓语动词用数。(5)句中，neither.nor.或 not only.but also.连接并列主语，谓语动词的单复数要与保持一致。(6)句中，主语后带有 along with 等短语时，句子的谓语动词应与保持一致。am/is/aredonewas/weredone被动意义单靠近它的主语原主语的单复数复一、被动语态1被动语态的构成(1)一般现在时的被动语态的构成：am/is/aredone。He is asked to attend the party.他被请求参加聚会。(2)一般过去时的被动语态的
4、构成：was/weredone。The boy was hit by a car yesterday.这个男孩昨天被车撞了。2被动语态的用法(1)不清楚谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态。His car was stolen when he parked in the street.他把车停在街上时，车被偷了。(2)动作的承受者是谈话的中心，强调或突出动作的承受者时。Li Ming was elected chairman of the meeting.李明被选为会议的主席。(3)只知道动作的承受者或没有必要说出动作的执行者时。No one knows when the bridge was bu
5、ilt.没人知道这座桥是什么时候建的。即时演练 1 11.单句语法填空When the gift (give)to him by his mother?English (use)all over the world and has become a universal language.If nothing (do),the oceans will turn into fish deserts.wasgivenis usedis doneHe (catch)by the policeman because of a car accident yesterday.I wont come to t
6、he party unless Sue (invite),too.You mean if Sue comes youll come?was caughtis invited12.完成句子纸最早是在中国制造的。Paper in China.这家公司成立于 1992 年。The company in 1992.妈妈经常告诉我要小心。I to be careful by my mother.这些椅子昨天上午修过了。The chairs yesterday morning.华南种植水稻。Rice in South China.was first madewas foundedam often told
7、were repairedis grown3主动形式表示被动意义(1)某些实义动词(sell,wash,write,wear 等)的主动形式后跟副词(well,badly,easily 等)表示被动意义，这种“动词副词”结构常表示事物内部特有的属性。The book sells well.这本书销路好。(2)对系动词而言，如 feel,taste,sound,become,seem等，一般用其主动形式表示被动意义。This soup tastes strange.这汤尝起来怪怪的。(3)表示状态的动词，如；lack,fit,mean,hold,have,contain,resemble 等，不
8、用于被动语态。Whisky contains a large percentage of alcohol.威士忌所含酒精的百分比很高。即时演练 221.单句语法填空The war (break)out in 1986.The food (taste)delicious.The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift (write)smoothly.The movement (take)place in Shanghai.broketasteswritestook22.完成句子委员会由十人组成。The committee ten members.会议只持
9、续了一个小时。The meeting only for an hour.我喜欢我的新自行车。它很好骑。I like my new bike.It.这布摸起来很柔软。The cloth.流行音乐很好听。The pop music.consists oflastedrides very wellfeels softsounds beautiful二、主谓一致 主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上保持一致。英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：意义一致原则，语法一致原则和就近一致原则。1意义一致，指谓语动词的变化根据主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。(1)有些集合名词如 family,team,cla
10、ss,committee,government 等作主语时，若视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若视为个体，谓语动词则用复数形式。The family has moved to Spain.这家人已搬去西班牙。His family are all important persons.他的家人都是些重要人物。(2)单个从句、不定式、动名词(短语)等作主语时，谓语用单数。When to go to China hasnt been decided.什么时候去中国还没决定。(3)学科类名词、抽象名词、物质名词、专有名词、游戏或运动类的名词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数。Physics is consider
11、ed difficult by most of students.许多学生认为物理很难。(4)表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、容量等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Two days isnt enough for me to finish the work.I need a third day.对我来说，完成这项工作两天是不够的，我还需要一天。(5)当一个冠词后面跟两个名词，这两个名词指同一人/物，或强调一套/副时，谓语用单数。The professor and writer is invited to many universities to give speeches.这位教授兼作家被邀请
12、到很多大学作报告。(6)people(人们),police(警察),cattle(牛),crew(全体船员),staff(全体职员)等集合名词作主语时，表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数。Some cattle were drinking at the pool.有几头牛在那池塘边饮水。(7)“the形容词/分词”表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The injured have been taken to the nearest hospital.受伤的人们已被送到了最近的医院。(8)“分数/百分数of 短语”作主语时，根据 of 后的名词的数确定谓语动词的单复数形式。Two thirds o
13、f the trees have been cut down.三分之二的树木被砍掉了。Two thirds of the water is used for watering the trees.三分之二的水被用来浇树了。即时演练 3 31.单句语法填空Water is important to us,so the United States(launch)campaigns to save water.The police (search)for the lost child now.My family(live)in Shandong.English(be)her favorite sub
14、ject.The sick (cure)and the lost(find)has launchedare searchinglivesishave been curedhave been found32.完成句子老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。The old care of in our city.我们一家人在看电视。My family.什么时间什么地方举行这次会议还没有决定下来。are well takenare watching TVWhen and where to hold the meeting yet.自从我来到这所学校，三个月已经过去了。Three months since I
15、came to the school.一副刀叉已摆在桌子上。A knife and fork on the table.has not been decidedhas passedhas been laid2语法一致，指从语法形式取得一致，即主语是单数，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。(1)当 each,either,neither 作主语时，谓语用单数。Each has his advantages.每个人都有优点。名师点津 当 each/every 修饰名词作主语或“each/every n.and each/everyn.”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Every
16、boy and every girl is taught to read and write.每个男孩和每个女孩都被教读和写。(2)主语后接 with,together with,as well as,but 等短语时，谓语形式与主语一致。He as well as his brothers is coming to see you.他和他的弟弟们将要来看你。(3)trousers,shoes,glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但这些词前面若有 a pair of，谓语动词用单数。The shoes are worn out of shape.这双鞋子穿走形了。This pair o
17、f shoes is worn out of shape.这双鞋穿走形了。(4)“many a/more than one单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。Many a student fails to pass on the examination.许多学生考试不及格。(5)none 作主语，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；但代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数，因而谓语动词用单数。None of us are/is perfect.人无完人。But none of this makes you money,so why bother?但是这些都不让你赚钱，所以何必费事儿呢？即时演练 4 41.单句
18、改错The child together with his parents are having lunch.More than one student have finished his work.No boy and no girl in our class have been to Beijing.None of this worry me.That pair of glasses are mine.areishavehashavehasworryworriesareis42.完成句子任何一个对我都有用。Either me.不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。responsible for i
19、t.他需要的是一副眼镜。A pair of glasses is good forHe as well as I isis what he needs许多男孩女孩在看完这部电影后都很失望。Many a boy and many a girl after seeing the film.她的朋友都没有背离她。None of her friends was disappointedhave/has deserted her3.就近原则，指谓语动词的变化是以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。there be,neither.nor.,either.or.,not only.but also.,not.bu
20、t.,whether.or 或 or 连接并列主语时，谓语动词要用就近原则。Neither you nor he was allowed to go out at night.不允许你和他晚上出去。Is either she or you going to Beijing?或者她或者你要去北京吗？即时演练 5 单句语法填空You or I (be)going to welcome them this afternoon.Neither his wife nor his parents (want)to go to Taiwan.There (be)a lot of milk in the bo
21、ttle.Not only Jack but also his parents (come)to see you.There (be)many routes from China to Europe.amwantisare comingare链接高考单句语法填空1 (2019 全 国 卷)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six (be)stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句其他谓语用
22、了一般现 在 时，且 本 句 的 主 语 为 six recognized polar bear subpopulations，表示复数意义，故本空应填 are。are2(2019全国卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we _(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.were invited解析：考查动词的时态和语态。文章讲述发生在过去的事情，此处应用一般过去时，并且 we 和 invite 之间是被动关系，应
23、用被动语态。3(2019天津高考)Amy,as well as her brothers,(give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.was given解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：上周艾米和她的兄弟们回到村子里的时候受到了热烈的欢迎。根据时间状语“last week”可知，应用一般过去时；as well as 连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致，主语 Amy为单数，谓语动词应用单数形式。4(2019江苏高考)The musician along with his band members
24、_(give)ten performances in the last three months.has given解析：根据后面的时间状语 in the last three months 可知，谓语动词的时态应用现在完成时；along with 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致，故填 has given。5(2018天津高考)My washing machine _(repair)this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.is being repaired解析：句意：我的洗衣机这周正在被修理，因
25、此我不得不手洗我的衣服。洗衣机正在被修理，因此用现在进行时的被动语态。6(2017全国卷)When fat and salt (remove)from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.are removed解析：根据语境和主句时态可知此处用一般现在时；主语“fat and salt”与 remove 之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。7(2017全国卷)Steam engines (use)to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant fo
26、r the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.were used解析：此处讲的是过去的事情，主语“Steam engines”和 use之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。8(2017全国卷)Sarah (tell)that she could be Britains new supermodel,earning a million dollars in the next year.has been told/was told解析：句意：有人告诉过萨拉，她可能成为英国的一名新超模，下一年能挣一百万美元。根据句意可知，句子谓语应该使用现在完成
27、时的被动语态。再由从句中的谓语动词“could be”可知，此处也可使用一般过去时的被动语态。.单句语法填空1The cattle (eat)grass on the side of the hill every day.2The number of people invited fifty,but a number of them absent for different reasons.(be)3They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house (rebuild)4More than a do
28、zen students in that school (send)abroad for further study every year.eatwasis being rebuiltwereare sent演练提能5The medical team (treat)the injured at present in that hospital.6Each citizen over 18 years old in our country (have)the right to vote.7The fact that so many people still smoke in public plac
29、e(suggest)that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.are treatinghassuggests8Onethird of the country (cover)with trees and the majority of the citizens (be)black people.9A singer and dancer (invite)to perform at our school yesterday.10All the students but Xiao
30、Wang (be)going to Beijing tomorrow.is coveredarewas invitedare.完成句子1他告诉我部分书已经寄出，剩下的几天后寄出。He told me that he had mailed part of the books and that the rest 2我要在这等三个小时吗？是的。对你来说等这样一位医生花三个小时并不算长。Shall I wait here for three hours?Yes.Three hours for you to wait for such a doctor.were following in a few d
31、aysis not long enough3他们觉得很难跟那些属于年轻一代的人相处好。They feel it difficult to get on well with those who.4他和他的朋友们要去参加聚会。He as well as his friends.5何时何地去带薪休假还没有定下来。When and where to go for the onsalary holiday yet.belongto a younger generationhas notbeen decided.短文改错Failure is common in our life.No one can av
32、oid them.When we fail in doing something,we often feel very depressing.Sometimes failure can make us lose hearts.So no one are willing to fail.On the contrary,success can bring us sense of pride.If one enjoys his continuous success in his career,he will have confidence to himself.Therefore,failure i
33、s the mother of success.A failure doesnt mean one can never be successfully.Those who they are always afraid of failure they will never succeed.In a word,as long as we can get some lessons and experiences from our failure,well be sure to succeed.答案：第二句：themit第三句：depressingdepressed第四句：heartsheart第五句：areis第六句：us 后加 a第七句：toin第八句：ThereforeHowever第九句：successfullysuccessful第十句：去掉第一个 they第十一句：experiencesexperience