1、LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD单元加餐练.阅读理解A student is learning to speak British English. He wonders: Can I communicate with Americans? Can they understand me? Learners of English often ask: What are the differences between British and American English? How important are these differences?Certainly! There
2、 are some differences between British and American English. There are a few differences in grammar. For example, speakers of British English say “in hospital” and “Have you a pen？” Americans say “in the hospital！” and “Do you have a pen？” Pronunciation is sometimes different. Americans usually sound
3、 theirs in words like “bird” and “hurt”. Speakers of British English do not sound theirs in these words. There are differences between British and American English in spelling and vocabulary. For example, “colour” and “honour” are British, “color” and “honor” are American.These differences in gramma
4、r, pronunciation, spelling and vocabulary are not important, however. For the most part, British and American English are the same language.文章讲述了美国英语和英国英语之间的差别主要在四个方面，并说明了它们属于同一种语言，这两国人在相互理解方面没有什么困难。1According to this passage, a student who is learning to speak American English might be afraid that_
5、.ABritish people cannot understand himBAmerican people cannot understand himCthe grammar is too hard for himDthe spelling is too hard for him答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二、三句He wonders: Can I communicate with Americans? Can they understand me? 说明学英国英语的人会担心美国人能否听懂，而学美国英语的人也担心英国人是否能听懂。故A正确。2American English a
6、nd British English are different in _.Aspelling BpronunciationCgrammar Dall of the above答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“There are a few differences in grammar.”“Pronunciation is sometimes different.”“There are differences between British and American English in spelling and vocabulary.”这三句说明美国英语和英国英语在语法、拼写、词汇和发音
7、方面都有差异。故D正确。3Most _ say “Do you have a watch？”ABritish people BAmericansCchildren Dteachers答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第四句Americans say “in the hospital！” and “Do you have a pen？”说明Do you have a watch？是讲美国英语的人所说。故B正确。4According to this passage, British people and Americans have _ difficulty in understanding e
8、ach other.AlittleBmuchCsomeDgreat答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一句For the most part, British and American English are the same language.说明这是一种语言，那么这两国人在理解对方的语言方面没有什么困难。故A正确。.七选五Like any good machine, the brain needs a little care and attention as it ages to ensure it continues to run in good working order. _1_.
9、Dont lose faith in your abilitiesAs people get older, its easy to think that your memory is already poor. _2_. So if you do find yourself hesitating in a doorway not really knowing where you are meant to be, just see it as a reminder to push your memory a little bit harder.Learn a language or a musi
10、cal instrument_3_， such as learning the piano or picking up a new language. Both rely on a wide skill set, exercising your memory, attention and so on._4_Obesity can harm your brain in many ways. The good news is that certain nutrients seem to reduce agerelated damage to the brain. This may explain
11、why older people eating a typically Mediterranean diet tended to show the same cognitive skills as people 7.5 years their younger.Build your body_5_. Physical activity not only builds a better blood flow to the brain, but also increases proteins such as “nerve growth factor”. So just choose a traini
12、ng that suits your fitness.ADont feast on junk foodBBenefit your brain from a healthy dietCWe tend to lose confidence in our mental abilitiesDHere are some promising ways to sharpen your brainEYou should consider a more ambitious mental workoutFIn fact, it is just as likely to happen to young and ol
13、d alikeGGetting in shape is one of the surest ways to build your mind本文是一篇说明文，人脑和机器一样需要我们的关爱和护理，文章提出了四大确保大脑健康运转的建议。1D解析：本句起着承上启下的作用。前一句告诉我们需要关爱大脑，保证它能够继续运转。在后四段里分别提出了四条建议。D项“Here are some promising ways to sharpen your brain”可以承接前句，也可以引出后句。故选D项。2F解析：由横线前一句“As people get older, its easy to think that
14、 your memory is already poor.”可知随着人们变老，人们会认为自己的记忆也会变差。实际上记忆变差的情况年轻人和老人都可能会有。所以当你发现自己记忆力不好的时候，不要失去信心。F项“In fact, it is just as likely to happen to young and old alike”符合语境，故选F项。3E解析：本段的主题和横线后一句“such as learning the piano or picking up a new language.”都在建议我们要有更难的思维锻炼，可以学习钢琴或另外一门语言。E项“You should consid
15、er a more ambitious mental workout”符合语境，故选E项。4B解析：由本段第一句“Obesity can harm your brain in many ways.”可知我们的肥胖会伤害我们的大脑。所以我们一定要有健康的饮食，确保我们身心健康。B项“Benefit your brain from a healthy diet”符合语境，故选B项。5G解析：本段的建议是“Build your body”，锻炼身体对于思维的锻炼同样有非常重要的作用。G项“Getting in shape is one of the surest ways to build your
16、 mind”符合上下文语境，故G项正确。.完形填空After I graduated from college, I tried to find work. I applied everywhere but no one _1_ me. Finally I _2_ a job in a group home for mentally disabled people. It wasnt _3_ work. Our work included the feeding, dressing, and safety of our clients (委托人). Also we had to take th
17、em to their supported jobs, and help them to _4_ their behaviors when they acted out. It was a difficult job emotionally (感情上) and I really wasnt _5_ for it. In fact, I didnt _6_ to go to work each day.One of our clients was a young man who couldnt _7_ and would often behave badly when wanting to ex
18、press something. He did _8_ walking outside, however, so the other workers would often have me take him for a walk up the road to _9_ him down. One day when we were out _10_， I suddenly felt something touch my fingers. The young man was trying to _11_ my hand. _12_ pushing it away, I took his _13_ a
19、nd we walked along together in the sunshine. Then as we turned to head back to the home I _14_ it. There was a light shining in his eyes. It was full of love, happiness and goodness. In that moment I saw past his _15_ behaviors. I saw who he really was.Little did I know that _16_ would help prepare
20、me for my own two sons mental illness. It would help me to see the _17_ that lay within them as well and learn that caring for them was not a _18_ but an honor. It would help me to realize they were to be my greatest _19_. They taught me how to live and how to love. They showed me the only way to ma
21、ke sure that love and happiness live on our planet is to _20_ them there ourselves.本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己大学毕业后在一家智障人士之家找到了一份工作，全面照顾他们的客户。在一次和客户外出的过程中，作者受到了启发。后来，自己的两个儿子得了精神疾病，在陪伴他们成长的过程中，作者懂得了如何去爱，明白了确保爱和幸福生活在我们这个星球上的唯一方法就是我们自己把它们留在那里的道理。1A.accepted Bunderstood Chelped Dpraised答案：A解析：考查动词辨析。A.accepted接受；B
22、.understood理解；C.helped帮助；D.praised表扬。根据上文“大学毕业后，我努力找工作”可知，此处应指“我到处申请，但没有人接受我”。故A选项正确。2A.created Boffered Cgot Drefused答案：C解析：考查动词辨析。A.created创造；B.offered提供；C.got得到；D.refused拒绝。根据语境可知，最后，作者在一家智障人士之家找到了一份工作。故C选项正确。3A.dangerous Beasy Csafe Ddifficult答案：B解析：考查形容词辨析。A.dangerous危险的；B.easy容易的；C.safe安全的；D.d
23、ifficult困难的。根据下文的“我们的工作包括给客户喂饭、穿衣和负责他们的安全”可知，这份工作并不容易。故B选项正确。4A.change Bjudge Ccontrol Dshow答案：C解析：考查动词辨析。A.change改变；B.judge判断；C.control约束；D.show展示。根据上文可知，作者在智障人士之家工作，此处指“我们还必须带他们去做他们被支持的工作，并帮助他们在行动时约束他们的行为”。故C选项正确。5A.sorry Bready Cthankful Dregretful答案：B解析：考查形容词辨析。A.sorry遗憾的；B.ready准备好的；C.thankful感
24、激的；D.regretful后悔的。根据上文“在情感方面，这是一个困难的工作”可知，作者对这份工作还没有做好准备。故B选项正确。6A.ask Bagree Cpromise Dwant答案：D解析：考查动词辨析。A.ask询问；B.agree同意；C.promise许诺；D.want想要。根据上文中可知，作者没有准备好，带有工作情绪，因此此处应指“事实上，我每天都不想去上班”。故D选项正确。7A.talk Bhear Csee Dlearn答案：A解析：考查动词辨析。A.talk说话；B.hear听见；C.see看见；D.learn了解，学到。根据下文对两人散步时，两人只是进行了肢体上的接触而
25、没有语言的交流可知，这个客户不会说话。故A选项正确。8A.hate Bpractice Cconsider Denjoy答案：D解析：考查动词辨析。A.hate讨厌；B.practice练习；C.consider考虑；D.enjoy喜欢。根据下文“其他的工作人员经常让我带他沿路散步”可知，这个年轻的客户喜欢出去散步。故D选项正确。9A.calm Bbreak Clet Dpull答案：A解析：考查动词词组辨析。A.calm down平静下来；B.break down损坏；C.let down 使失望；D.pull down拆毁。根据上文“在想要表达某件事的时候经常表现得很不好”可知，此处指带他
26、去散步，是为了让他能平静下来。故A选项正确。10A.running Briding Cwalking Dtraveling答案：C解析：考查动词辨析。A.running奔跑；B.riding骑；C.walking散步；D.traveling旅行。根据上文可知，作者经常带这个年轻人外出散步，此处应指“有一天我们外出散步时，我突然感到有什么东西碰了碰我的手指”。故C选项正确。11A.hurt Bhold Clift Dbeat答案：B解析：考查动词辨析。A.hurt伤害；B.hold握住；C.lift举起；D.beat击打。根据语境可知，此处应指“那个年轻人试图握住我的手”。故B选项正确。12A.
27、Instead of BExcept for CAs for DAlong with答案：A解析：考查介词词组辨析。A.Instead of不是而是；B.Except for除了；C.As for至于；D.Along with随同。根据下文“我们一起在阳光下走着”可知，此处应指“我没有把他的手推开，而是牵起他的手”。故A选项正确。13A.bag Bclothes Chand Dhead答案：C解析：考查名词辨析。A.bag背包；B.clothes衣服；C.hand手；D.head头。根据语境可知，此处指“我牵起他的手”。故C选项正确。14A.saw Bgave Creceived Dlost答
28、案：A解析：考查动词辨析。A.saw看到；B.gave给予；C.received收到；D.lost失去。根据下文“他的眼睛里闪着光。它充满了爱、幸福和善良。”可知，此处应指“当我们转身回家时，我看到了它”。故A选项正确。15A.interesting Btroubling Cshy Dnatural答案：B解析：考查形容词辨析。A.interesting有趣的；B.troubling令人不安的；C.shy害羞的；D.natural自然的。根据上文“在想要表达某件事的时候经常表现得很不好”及“他的眼睛里闪着光。它充满了爱、幸福和善良。”可知，此处应指“在那一刻，我看穿了他令人不安的行为。看到了他
29、真实的一面”。故B选项正确。16A.skill Bprogress Cidea Dexperience答案：D解析：考查名词辨析。A.skill技能；B.progress进步；C.idea观点；D.experience经历。根据语境可知，此处应指“我几乎不知道那段经历会帮助我为自己两个儿子的精神疾病做准备”。故D选项正确。17A.secret Blight Csadness Ddream答案：B解析：考查名词辨析。A.secret秘密；B.light光明；C.sadness悲伤；D.dream梦想。根据下文lay within them可知，此处指“它将帮助我看到他们内心的光明”。故B选项正确
30、。18A.business Bmethod Cresult Dduty答案：D解析：考查名词辨析。A.business事情；B.method方法；C.result 结果；D.duty责任。根据上文可知，作者在照顾自己的儿子，此处应指“并让我明白照顾他们不是一种责任，而是一种荣誉”。故D选项正确。19A.friends Bsupporters Cteachers Dstudents答案：C解析：考查名词辨析。A.friends朋友；B.supporters支持者；C.teachers老师；D.students学生。根据下文“他们教我如何生活，如何去爱。”可知，此处指作者认为他们是他最棒的老师。故
31、C选项正确。20A.find Bput Cexpect Dhide答案：B解析：考查动词辨析。A.find发现；B.put放；C.expect期盼；D.hide隐藏。根据语境可知，此处应指“他们告诉我，确保爱和幸福生活在我们这个星球上的唯一方法就是我们自己把它们留在那里”。故B选项正确。.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Revive (复活) an old friendshipWith social networking and the Internet, it is easier than ever to locate a former friend. You m
32、ight be tempted to revive an old friendship, but before you do, here are some things to keep in mind.How Did the Relationship End?If you and your friend just sort of drifted apart, you may be able to pick up right where you left off. After all, people move, have children, and go in different directi
33、ons in their life. Sometimes this means that perhaps your friendship wasnt a priority back then, but now that things have changed it will be different. However, if you had a fallingout with your friend, those negative emotions may still exist. Look at the friendship realistically, and if you decide
34、youd still like to move forward you have to do one of the three things：Forgive, if the blame fell on your friend.Apologize, if you were at fault.Tell your friend youd like to start again, and work through your argument in order to put it behind you.Manage ExpectationsIts important to keep your expec
35、tations in check when contacting an old friend. After all, you might have thought about the idea of finding them for a while, but your friend will probably be caught off guard by your call or email. Give them time to process the idea of starting up your friendship again, and be patient as your “new”
36、 relationship develops.Dont expect the friendship to be exactly as it once was, but rather an updated version. Often friends that reconnect have a stronger bond than they did before, because they have gained maturity (成熟) and place a higher degree of value on their friendship.However, your friend mi
37、ght decide that they arent ready to be friends again. They may know this right away when you contact them, or realize it later as you two try and get reacquainted (重新认识). Dont be too upset if this is the case, because your friend may have moved on in a different way from the relationship than you di
38、d. Wish them the best and dont obsess about (念念不忘) the past.Getting_in_touch_with_your_former_friends_is_easier_than_before,_with_the_help_of_social_networking_and_the_Internet.(要点1)_However,_before_you_are_tempted_to_revive_an_old_friendship,_you_may_as_well_bear_the_following_in_mind.(要点2)_Firstly,_according_to_the_different_reasons_why_your_friendship_ended,_different_methods_are_needed.(要点3)_Secondly,_dont_expect_too_much_of_your_effort,_and_be_sure_to_be_patient_and_respect_their_choices.(要点4)