1、天津市耀华中学2020-2021学年度第一学期第二次阶段检测高二年级英语学科试卷(本试卷考试时间90分钟，总分100分)I卷(满分75分)I.听力理解(共20小题，每小题0.5 分，满分10分)第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。每段对话仅读一遍。1. Where does the man want to go?A. To a fast food restaurant. B. To the bus station. C. To the downtown.2 What can we know about the man?
2、A. He is a heavy drinker. B. He is a rich man. C. He is a poor man.3 Where are the two speakers going right now?A. To an office. B. To a cafe. C.To the airport.4. When does the conversation take place?A. At dinner. B. Before dinner. C. After dinner.5. What did the woman do in the morning?A. She had
3、the air conditioner changed.B. She had the air conditioner repaired.C. She had the air conditioner removed.第二节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。每段对话读两遍。Text 6.6. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In the shop. B. At the airport. C. At the railway station.7. Why doe
4、s the man want to carry his dictionary in his hand?A. His luggage is too heavy.B. He likes his dictionary a lot.C. His shoulder bag is too small.Text 7.8. Whats the woman interested in?A. Some hand-made cups. B. Some local pottery (陶器). C. Some beautiful paintings.9. Which price do the two speakers
5、settle on?A.$50. B.$35. C. $38.10. What can we know about the artist?A. He is well known in the world.B. All of the items sold in the shop are made by him.C.His works are attractive to the woman.Text 8.11. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Close friends. B. Doctor and pat
6、ient. C. Wife and husband.12. What does the woman suggest the man doing?A. Giving up smoking. B. Taking some medicine. C. Turning to someone for help.13. What can we know about the man?A. He is a strong-willed person.B. He didnt try giving up smoking.C. He had been to this hospital before.Text 9.14.
7、 What drink does the woman choose?A A coke. B. Hot coffee. C. An orange juice.15. How much does the woman give the man?A. $2. B. $3. C. $5.16. What will the woman do next?A. Buy something else. B. Take back her money. C. Wait in the queue.Text 10.17. Who is the speaker talking to?A. Tourists. B. Ani
8、mal keepers. C. Animal conservationists.18. Where probably are the speaker and the listeners?A. In a zoo. B. At a nature reserve. C. On a sightseeing bus.19. How many rules has the speaker mentioned?A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.20. What should the listeners do according to the last rule?A. Stay close
9、to the speaker.B. Walk as quietly as possible.C. Sign the insurance declaration.II.单项选择(共 15小题:每小题1分;满分15分)1. -Look! Somebody the sofa. -Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it.A. is cleaningB. was cleaningC. has cleanedD. had cleaned【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查时态辨析。句意：瞧，有人弄干净了沙发。嗯，那不是我。我没做。根据回答，可知clean动作发生在过去。且该过去
10、的动作对现在造成的影响是沙发干净了。所以用现在完成时态。故选C。【点睛】2. All the neighbors admire this family,_the parents treat their children like friends.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. whose【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：所有的邻居都很欣赏这个家庭，他们的父母对待孩子就像对待朋友一样。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词family，且先行词在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where引导。故选B。3. Happy birthday, Alice! So you ha
11、ve_twenty-one already!A. gotB. turnedC. grownD. arrived【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：生日快乐，爱丽丝！这么说你已经21岁了！A. got获得；B. turned变成，转弯；C. grown生长；D. arrived到达。根据后文twenty-one 可知“turn+数字”表示一个特定的时间或者到多少岁，故选B。4. A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge, with some_to eat grass.A. stoppedB. to stopC.
12、stoppingD. being stopped【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查现在分词。句意：一群藏羚羊在桥下移动，其中一些停下来吃草。分析句子可知，后面为with+名词/代词+分词作状语，设空处的分词和some之间为主动关系，应用现在分词 。故选C项。5. Did you explain it to your boss? No. He stormed out of the office_I could get in a word.A. sinceB. whenC. beforeD. after【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查时间状语从句的连词。句意：-你跟你老板解释过了吗？-没有，我还没来得及
13、说话，他就冲出办公室了。A.since 自从.之后；B.when当.时；C.before在.之前，没来得及； D.after在.之后。短语：storm out of sth.意为“气冲冲地走出.”；get in a word意为“插话”，结合本句可知，我没有向老板解释是在我没有插上话之前，老板就冲出办公室。故选C。6. I was trying to brush a spider_my shoulder when my uncle came in, who then helped me bat_all the insects.A. away ; outB. off ; awayC. down
14、;upD. off; along【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意：当我叔叔进来时，我正试图把我肩上的一只蜘蛛掸去，他帮我赶走了所有的昆虫。第一空，表示“掸去，拂去”短语为brush sth. off；第二空，表示“赶走”短语为bat away。故选B。7. Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon?Im sorry, but at that time I_ an important meeting. How about five?A. am havingB. have hadC. will be havingD. have b
15、een having【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我今天下午两点给你回电话好吗？很抱歉，那个时候我有一个重要的会议。五点怎么样？结合上文 at two oclock this afternoon可知，表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时。故选C。8. If what your friend comes up with surprises you, dont reject it _. Instead, imagine that its true and see whether its reasonable.A. graduallyB. eventuallyC. perm
16、anentlyD. instantly【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你朋友的想法让你感到惊讶，不要马上拒绝。相反，想象这是真的，看看它是否合理。A. gradually逐渐地；B. eventually终于；C. permanently永久地；D. instantly马上，立即。结合后文“Instead, imagine that its true and see whether its reasonable.”可知指不要马上拒绝朋友的想法，应用instantly。故选D。9. Plenty of students do not like the way_their p
17、arents often use to speak to them.A. in whichB. whichC. whereD. what【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：很多学生不喜欢父母经常对他们说话的方式。此处为定语从句修饰先行词the way，先行词在从句中作宾语，指物，故应用关系代词which引导。故选B。10. Thinking it meaningless the grownups usually advised me to my drawing and concentrate on my study.A. wind upB. come acrossC. deal wi
18、thD. lay aside【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：大人们认为这是毫无意义的，他们通常建议我把画画放在一边，专心学习。A.wind up使.结束；B. come across偶然发现；C. deal with应付；D.lay aside放在一边。由语意可知，大人们认为画画是毫无意义的，所以应该是建议把画画放在一边。故选D项。11. Now people have come to understand_can, and must be done to protect the reef.A. whatB. whoC. thatD. how【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查宾语
19、从句的连接词。句意：现在人们开始明白，为了保护珊瑚礁，我们可以做些什么，必须做些什么。A.what什么；B. who谁；C. that那个；D. how怎样。分析句子可知，_can, and must be done to protect the reef为understand的宾语从句，设空处在从句中做主语，意为“什么”。故选A项。12. Ben made many appearances on TV to argue in favour of the Great Barrier Reefs_.A. reserveB. preventionC. defenceD. promotion【答案】
20、C【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：Ben多次出现在电视上，表明支持对大堡礁的保护。A.reserve储备（量）； B.prevention阻止，妨碍； C.defence保护； D.promotion提升，提拔。结合“” in favour of 可知应该是支持对大堡礁的保护，选项C符合题意。故选C。13. Now some world heritage sites are_from pollution caused by human activities.A. at threatB. under threatC. in threatD. with threat【答案】B【解析】【详解】考
21、查固定短语。句意：现在一些世界遗产地正受到人类活动造成的污染的威胁。固定短语：under threat“受到威胁”。选项中其它的搭配均不构成短语。故选B。14. Finally, we reached Tanggula Station,_at over 5000 metres above sea level.A. locatedB. being locatedC. to locateD. locating【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，我们到达了位于海拔5000多米唐古拉站。短语be located at“位于位置”，此处省略be动词，用过去分词作定语。故选A。15. I
22、 think life as a boarder will be one of your most valuable memories._ I really want to make the most of my time at boarding school.A. I cant believe it!B. I hope so!C. Do you think so?D. Its easy to say.【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。-我想寄宿生活将是你最珍贵的回忆之一。-希望如此，我真的想好好利用我在寄宿学校的时间。A.I cant believe it!真不敢相信！ B.I hop
23、e so!希望如此！C.Do you think so?你这么认为吗？ D.Its easy to say.说起来容易。结合下文语境“I really want to make the most of my time at boarding school.”可知，回答的内容是对上文提到的问题的肯定。所以选项B符合题意。故选B。II.完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分;满分20分)My 14-yerold son, John, and I spotted the coat which was hanging at a secondhand clothing store in Northampton
24、 Mass. While the other coats drooped (低垂) this one looked as if it were_16_ The coat had beautiful tailoring, a Fifth Avenue label and a(an)_17_price of $28, which was popular just then with _18_,but could cost several hundred dollars new.This coat was even better, bearing (具有) that _19_of classic e
25、legance. John tried it on and the fit was perfect.John_20_ the coat to school the next day and came home wearing a big smile Did the kids like your coat? I asked. They loved it, he said,_21_ folding it over the back of a Chair and smoothing it flat. Over the next few weeks, a _22_ came over John. Ag
26、reement replaced contrariness (作对) and reasoned discussion replaced fierce_23_. He became more mannerly and_24_ , eager to please. He would _25_ lend his younger brother his tapes and lecture him on his behavior.When I mentioned this incident to his teacher and_26_ what caused the changes, she said
27、laughing. It_27_ be his coat! Another teacher told him she was giving him a good_28_ not only because he had _29_it but because she liked his coat. At the library, we ran into a friend. “Could this be John? he asked surprisingly, _30_ Johns new height,assessing the cut of his coat and extending his
28、hand, one gentleman to another.John and I both know we should never_31_ a persons clothes for the real person within them. _32_ there is something to be said for wearing a standard of excellence for the world to see and for_33_ what is on the inside to what is on the outside.For John it is a time wh
29、en it is as easy to try on different approaches to _34_ as it is to try on a coat. The whole world, the whole future is stretched out ahead, a vast landscape_35_ all the doors are open. And he could picture himself walking through those doors wearing his wonderful, magical coat.16. A. turning itself
30、 upB. holding itself upC. showing itself upD. hanging itself up17. A. unreasonableB. expectedC. unbelievableD. acceptable18. A. teenagersB. adultsC. womenD. strangers19. A. colorB. priceC. styleD. size20. A. sentB. carriedC. lentD. wore21. A. casuallyB. comfortablyC. carefullyD. quickly22. A. happin
31、essB. changeC. smileD. matter23. A. doubtB. fightC. argumentD. war24. A. thoughtfulB. handsomeC. hopefulD. curious25. A. consciouslyB. generouslyC. anxiouslyD. intimately26. A. wonderedB. confirmedC. concludedD. discovered27. A. canB. mustC. willD. should28. A. presentB. markC. wordD. result29. A. s
32、tudiedB. foughtC. earnedD. gained30. A. looking up atB. looking down toC. checking upD. taking up31. A. trustB. mistakeC. exchangeD. regard32. A. ButB. ThoughC. SinceD. So33. A. attachingB. connectingC. relatingD. matching34. A. careerB. lifeC. studyD. success35. A. whereB. whyC. howD. when【答案】16. B
33、 17. C 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. C 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者的儿子John一个偶然的机会买到了一件二手的衣服，儿子特别喜欢，穿着去上学，其他的孩子也喜欢，就连儿子的老师也喜欢他的这件衣服，John从此像变了一个人。变得会体贴别人，关心别人了。【详解】1.考查动词短语辨析。句意:其他的大衣都显得没精打采，惟独这件衣服趾高气扬。A.turning itself up出现； B. hold it
34、self up举起，使升高；C.show itself up露面；D. hang itself up挂断电话。根据“While the other coats drooped (低垂) ”可知，其他的大衣都显得没精打采，惟独这件衣服气场不凡。故选B。2.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其做工精细：领子是黑天鹅绒的，商标是第五大街的，价钱让人难以置信，只卖28美元，但新的可能要几百美元。A.unreasonable不合理的； B.expected 预期的；C.unbelievable难以置信的； D.acceptable可接受的。根据“price of $28,”以及下文“but could cost
35、 several hundred dollars new.”，可知，两者相比价格差距大，所以说28美元难以置信的 ，故选C。3.考查名词词义辨析。句意：其做工精细：领子是黑天鹅绒的，商标是第五大街的，价钱让人难以置信，只卖28美元，但新的可能要几百美元。A.teenagers青少年；B.adults 成年人；C. women妇女；D.strangers陌生人。根据上文可知，John 14岁和下文“Did the kids like your coat?” I asked. “They loved it,”可以推知这件衣服在青少年中受欢迎。故选A。4.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一件款式更好一些，
36、还带有一种逝去年代的古典美。A.color颜色；B. price 价格；C. style款式；D. size尺寸。根据“classic elegance（优雅）”可知这里说的是款式，故选C。5.考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，第二天约翰就穿着它去上学了，放学回来他笑逐颜开A. sent发送；B.carried携带；C. lent 借；D.wore穿。通过同学们对这件衣服的评价可知，约翰就穿着它去上学了。根据常识也可知，衣服是用来穿的。故选D。6.考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们非常喜欢。”他一边说，一边在椅子背儿上把衣服仔细地叠起来，并甩手把它展平。 A.casually随意地；B. comfor
37、tably舒服地；C.carefully仔细地；D. quickly迅速地。根据“moothing it flat. ”可知，他一边说，一边在椅子背儿上把衣服仔细地叠起来，并甩手把它展平。说明了约翰对这件衣服的喜爱，故选C。7.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几个星期里，约翰发生了变化。A.happiness 幸福； B.change变化；C. smile微笑；D. matter事情。根据“ ”Agreement replaced contrariness (作对) and reasoned discussion replaced fierce8可知，约翰发生了变化。故选B。8.考查名词词义
38、辨析。句意：一致代替了反对，理性的讨论代替了激烈的争论。A.doubt怀疑； B.fight斗争；C.argument争吵； D.war战争。根据“ contrariness (作对)”可知理性的讨论代替了激烈的争论。故选C。9.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他变得更明事理、更有礼貌，也更体贴人了。A.thoughtful 体贴的； B.handsome英俊的；C. hopeful有希望的；D.curious好奇的。根据“He became more mannerly ， eager to please. ”他变得更明事理、更有礼貌，也更体贴人了。故选A。10.考查副词词义辨析。句意：他会很慷慨地
39、把自己的磁带借给弟弟，并教训他的行为。A.consciously有意识地； B.generously慷慨地； C.anxiously焦虑地； D.intimately熟悉地，亲切地。结合下文“lend his younger brother his tapes and lecture him on his behavior.可知，他会很慷慨地把自己的磁带借给弟弟，故选B。11.考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我向他的老师提起这件事，想知道是什么引起了这些变化时，她笑着说，“一定是他的外衣!”。A. wondered想知道； B.confirmed确认； C.concluded推断；D.discove
40、red发现。结合空白处后“what caused the changes”，可知，当我对他的一个老师提起这件事，我不知道这是为什么他变化这么大，所以应该是我想知道原因。故选A。12.考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：“一定是他的外衣!”。A.can 可能会； B.must一定 ；C.will将；D.should应该 。老师笑着说：“一定是因为他的大衣！”must be表示肯定有把握的推测，故选B。13.考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一位老师告诉他，她给他一个好分数，不仅因为他应得的，还因为她喜欢他的大衣。A.present礼物； B.mark分数； C.word消息；D. result结果。根据“ th
41、e changes,”可知，另一个老师告诉他，她要给他一个好成绩。mark作“分数,等级符号”解时,指某一学科的分数或用字母表示的等级,常与forin搭配,表示“得分”动词常用getgain。result还可表示“人、球队、团体参加考试或竞赛的结果、成绩”。作此解时,一般用复数形式。故选B。14.考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个老师告诉他，她要给他一个好成绩，不仅仅因为他理应获得，还因为她喜欢他的大衣。A.studied学习； B.fought 打架；C.earned应得； D.gained获得。这里用it代替mark，所以，这个分数不仅仅因为他理应获得，还因为她喜欢他的大衣。故选C。15.考查
42、动词短语词义辨析。句意：看着约翰长高的个子，品评着他大衣的样式，这位朋友不禁问道：“这是约翰吗？” 同时向约翰伸出了手，完全是绅士间的行为。 A.looking up at 向上看； B.looking down to向下看；C. checking up检查；D.taking up拿起。结合本句中“Johns new height,assessing the cut of his coat and extending his hand”，可知，是看着约翰长高的个子。故选A。16.考查动词词义辨析。句意：约翰和我都知道不应该以貌取人。A.trust 信任； B.mistake 错误；C.exch
43、ange 交换； D.regard看待。约翰和我都知道不应该以貌取人。mistake .for 把.误认为.。故选B。17.考查连词词义辨析。句意：可穿着优雅为世人看，在思想上、言语上、行动上实践优秀的标准，以达到内外的和谐统一，这又另当别论。A.But 但是；B.Though尽管； C.Since既然； D.So因此。根据句意，前后句子为转折关系，表示但是故选A。18.考查动词词义辨析。句意：可穿着优雅为世人看，在思想上、言语上、行动上实践优秀的标准，以达到内外的和谐统一，这又另当别论。A.attaching附在； B.connecting连接； C.relating 涉及；D.matchi
44、ng相搭配。在思想上、言语上、行动上实践优秀的标准，以达到内外的和谐统一。故选D。19.考查名词词义辨析。句意：对约翰来说，在这个时代，尝试不同的生活方式就像试衣服一样简单。A.career事业；B. life生活； C.study学习； D. success成功。根据“ The whole world, the whole future is stretched out ahead, a vast landscape20 all the doors are open.”可知，那时尝试不同的生活方式就如同试衣服一样简单。故选B。20.考查关系词辨析。句意：整个世界、整个未来在你面前展开，犹如一
45、幅巨大的画卷，那里的每一扇门都敞开着。先行词是landscape，故用where，它在定语从句中做状语。故选A。IV.阅读理解(共20小题;每小题1.5分;满分30分)ABicycle SafetyOperation Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus (校园). Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.Theft
46、Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack - even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. Its fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the
47、bike stolen.Equipment* Brakes Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.* Helmet A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fits properly.* Lights Always have a front headlight - visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a goo
48、d idea.Rules of the RoadRiding on Campus As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15 mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of ways
49、to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.Bicycle Parking Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle
50、parking, and parking in such posts can result in a fine.If Things Go WrongIf you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for:* No bicycle registration -$25* Bicycle parking banned -$30* Blocking path with bicycle -$40* Violation
51、 of bicycle equipment requirement -$3536. Registration of your bicycle may help you _.A. find your stolen bicycleB. get your serial numberC. receive free repair servicesD. settle conflicts with walkers37. According to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders?A. Brakes.B.
52、A helmet.C. A headlight.D. A taillight.38. When you ride a bicycle on the campus, _.A. ride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalksB. cycle at a speed of over 15 mphC. put the walkers right of way firstD. call the police before leaving in case of accident39. If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the c
53、ampus, you could be fined _.A. $25B. $30C. $35D. $4040. What is the passage mainly about?A. A guide for safe bicycling on campus.B. Directions for bicycle tour on campus.C. Regulations of bicycle race on campus.D. Rules for riding motor vehicles on campus.【答案】36. A 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. A【解析】本文是一篇应用
54、文。骑自行车安全守则包括：操作、防盗措施、设备、道路安全规则细化为校内骑车、停车和罚款情况分类等等。【36题详解】细节理解题。由Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.(注册会永久记录你的序列号，这对找回被偷的自行车很有用。)可知，登记有助于找回丢失的车子。故选A。【37题详解】细节理解题。由A taillight is a good idea.可知，有后车灯是个好主意。其他都强调必要和确定。所以用后车灯可以根
55、据情况选择。故选D。【38题详解】细节理解题。由Riding on Campus 这一部分可知，在人行道上骑车会被罚款；发生交通事故时，要先给与适当的救助，打电话保护现场直到警官允许你离开。限速15 mph，要让路给行人。故选C。【39题详解】细节理解题。由Bicycle parking banned -$30可知，把车子锁在树上，被罚$30，故选B。【40题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文的大意判断，骑自行车安全守则包括：操作、防盗措施、设备、道路安全规则细化为校内骑车、停车和罚款情况分类等等。所以“校内安全骑车指南”与文章大意吻合，故选A 。BA small piece of fish each
56、 day may keep the heart doctor away. Thats the finding of an extensive study of Dutch men in which deaths from heart disease were more than 50 percent lower among those who consumed at least an ounce of salt water fish per day than those who never ate fish.The Dutch research is one of three human st
57、udies that give strong scientific backing to the long-held belief that eating fish can provide health benefits, particularly to the heart.Heart disease is the number-one killer in the United States, with more than 550,000 death occurring from heart attacks each year. But researchers previously have
58、noticed that the incidence of heart disease is lower in cultures that consume more fish than Americans do. There are fewer heart disease deaths, for example, among the Eskimos of Greenland, who consume about 14 ounces of fish a day, and among the Japanese, whose daily fish consumption averages more
59、than 3 ounces.For 20 years, the Dutch study, followed 852 middle-aged men, 20 percent of whom ate no fish. At the start of the study, the average fish consumption was about two-thirds of an ounce each day, with more men eating lean fish than fatty fish.During the next two decades, 78 of the men died
60、 from heart disease. The fewest deaths were among the group who regularly ate fish, even at levels far lower than those of the Japanese or Eskimos. This relationship was true regardless of other factors such as age, high blood pressure, or blood cholesterol levels.41. Which of the following is NOT t
61、rue according to the passage?A. The Dutch research has proved that eating fish can help to prevent heart disease.B. Heart doctors wont call your house so long as you keep eating fish each day.C. Among all the diseases heart disease is the most dangerous in America.D. Theres a low incidence of heart
62、disease in such countries as Japan and Greenland.42. The underlined part this relationship refers to the connection between_and the incidence of heart disease.A. the amount of fish eatenB. regular fish-eatingC. the kind of fish eatenD. people of different regions43. The passage is mainly about .A. t
63、he high incidence of heart disease in some countriesB. the effect of fish eating on peoples healthC. the changes in peoples diet in recent yearsD. the daily fish consumption of people in different cultures44. Why is heart disease the most dangerous killer in the United States?A. Because American peo
64、ple drink too much spirits.B. Because there are a great many fat people there.C. The author doesnt give a definite answer.D. Because American people eat too much fatty fish.45. How many lives could probably be saved each year in the United States by eating fish according to the Dutch study?A. 550,00
65、0B. 275,000C. 110,000D. 852【答案】41. B 42. B 43. B 44. C 45. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了研究发现，那些每天食用至少一盎司咸水鱼的人比那些从不吃鱼的人死于心脏病的几率低50%以上，这项荷兰的研究发现吃鱼有益健康，尤其是对心脏有益。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“The Dutch research is one of three human studies that give strong scientific backing to the long-held belief that eating fish can provid
66、e health benefits, particularly to the heart.(这项荷兰的研究是三项人类研究中的一项，这些研究为长期以来的观点提供了强有力的科学依据，即吃鱼有益健康，尤其是对心脏有益)”；第三段中“Heart disease is the number-one killer in the United States(心脏病是美国的头号杀手)”以及“There are fewer heart disease deaths,for example, among the Eskimos of Greenland, who consume about 14 ounces o
67、f fish a day, and among the Japanese, whose daily fish consumption averages more than 3 ounces.(例如，格陵兰岛的爱斯基摩人每天食用大约14盎司鱼，而日本人平均每天食用超过3盎司鱼，因此心脏病死亡人数较少)”可知，A“荷兰的研究已经证明吃鱼可以帮助预防心脏病”、C“在美国所有的疾病中，心脏病是最危险的”和D“在日本和格陵兰岛这样的国家心脏病的发病率很低”正确，除了B选项“只要你坚持每天吃鱼，心脏病医生就不会打电话到你家”不正确。故选B。【42题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“During the n
68、ext two decades, 78 of the men died from heart disease. The fewest deaths were among the group who regularly ate fish, even at levels far lower than those of the Japanese or Eskimos.( 在接下来的二十年里，有78人死于心脏病。经常吃鱼的人群死亡人数最少，甚至远远低于日本人或爱斯基摩人)”以及后文“was true regardless of other factors such as age, high blood
69、 pressure, or blood cholesterol levels.”可知，不管其他因素，如年龄、高血压或血液胆固醇水平的影响，这种经常吃鱼与心脏病发病率之间的联系是真实存在的。即画线部分指的是“经常吃鱼与心脏病发病率之间的联系”。故选B。【43题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“A small piece of fish each day may keep the heart doctor away. Thats the finding of an extensive study of Dutch men in which deaths from heart disease were
70、more than 50 percent lower among those who consumed at least an ounce of salt water fish per day than those who never ate fish.(每天吃一小片鱼可以不让心脏医生找上门。这是一项对荷兰人的广泛研究发现，那些每天食用至少一盎司咸水鱼的人比那些从不吃鱼的人死于心脏病的几率低50%以上)”结合文章还提到这项荷兰的研究发现吃鱼有益健康，尤其是对心脏有益。可知，这篇文章主要是关于吃鱼对人们健康的影响。故选B。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Heart disease is
71、the number-one killer in the United States, with more than 550,000 death occurring from heart attacks each year. But researchers previously have noticed that the incidence of heart disease is lower in cultures that consume more fish than Americans do.(心脏病是美国的头号杀手，每年有超过55万人死于心脏病。但研究人员此前已经注意到，在吃鱼多的文化中
72、，心脏病的发病率比美国人低)”可知，文章只是提到了心脏病是美国的头号杀手，至于为什么心脏病是美国最危险的杀手，作者没有给出一个明确的解释。故选C。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thats the finding of an extensive study of Dutch men in which deaths from heart disease were more than 50 percent lower among those who consumed at least an ounce of salt water fish per day than those who ne
73、ver ate fish.( 这是一项对荷兰人的广泛研究发现，那些每天食用至少一盎司咸水鱼的人比那些从不吃鱼的人死于心脏病的几率低50%以上)”以及第三段中“Heart disease is the number-one killer in the United States, with more than 550,000 death occurring from heart attacks each year. (心脏病是美国的头号杀手，每年有超过55万人死于心脏病)”可知，根据荷兰的研究，在美国，每年吃鱼可能会挽救550000*50%=275000人的生命。故选B。CI was in my
74、 third year of teaching creative writing at a high school in New York, when one of my students, 15-year-old Mikey, gave me a note from his mother. It explained his absence from class the day before.I had seen Mikey himself writing the note at his desk. Most parental-excuse notes I received were penn
75、ed by my students. If I were to deal with them, Id be busy 24 hours a day.The forged excuse notes made a large pile, with writing that ranged from imaginative to crazy. The writers of those notes didnt realize that honest excuse notes were usually dull:“Peter was late because the alarm clock didnt g
76、o off.Isnt it remarkable, I thought, how the students complained and said it was hard putting 200 words together on any subject? But when they produced excuse notes, they were brilliant.So one day I typed out a dozen excuse notes and gave them to my classes. I said,“Theyre supposed to be written by
77、parents, but actually they are not.True, Mikey? The students looked at me nervously.“Now, this will be the first class to study the art of the excuse note- the first class, ever, to practice writing them. Youre so lucky to have a teacher like me who has taken your best writing and turned it into a s
78、ubject worthy of study.”Everyone smiled as I went on,“You used your imaginations. So try more now. Today Id like you to write An Excuse Note from Adam to God or An Excuse Note from Eve to God.”Heads went down. Pens raced across paper. For the first time ever I saw students so careful in their writin
79、g that they had to be asked to go to lunch by their friends.The next day everyone had excuse notes. Heated discussions followed.The headmaster entered the classroom and walked up and down, looking at papers, and then said, “Id like you to see me in my office.When I stepped into his office, he came t
80、o shake my hand and said,“I just want to tell you that that lesson, that task, whatever the hell you were doing, was great. Those kids were writing on the college level. Thank you.”46. What did the author do with the students found dishonest?A. He reported them to the headmaster.B. He lectured them
81、hard on honesty.C. He had them take notes before lunch.D. He helped improve their writing skills.47. The underlined word forged in the third paragraph means“_”.A. formerB. copiedC. falseD. honest48. The author found that compared with the true excuse notes, the produced ones by the students were usu
82、allyA. less imaginativeB. more impressiveC. worse writtenD. less convincing49. The author had the students practice writing excuse notes so the students could learnA. the importance of being honestB. how to write excuse notes skillfullyC. the value of creative writingD. how to be creative in writing
83、50. What did the headmaster think of the authors way of teaching?A. Effective.B. Difficult.C. Misleading.D. Reasonable.【答案】46. D 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述作者让不能来上学的学生写请假条交给他，结果作者收到了大多数号称父母写的请假条。这些伪造的假条有些极富想象力，有些则愚不可及。于是作者就通过教学生如何写请假条，给学生上了一节效果很好的写作课。【46题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Now, this
84、 will be the first class to study the art of the excuse note- the first class, ever, to practice writing them. Youre so lucky to have a teacher like me who has taken your best writing and turned it into a subject worthy of study.” 好了，这将是第一节学习写假条艺术的课有史以来第一节练习写假条的课。你们很幸运有我这样的老师，把你们最好的文章转化成了值得研究的课题。由此可
85、知，作者通过提高写作技能来处理不诚实的学生，故选D。【47题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词句子的下文“The writers of those notes didnt realize that honest excuse notes were usually dull: “Peter was late because the alarm clock didnt go off.” 写这些纸条的人没有意识到，诚实的纸条通常都很无聊:“彼得迟到是因为闹钟没响。由此可推断上文为假的借条，故forged应同false同义，意为“假的”，故选C。【48题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“The forged e
86、xcuse notes made a large pile, with writing that ranged from imaginative to crazy. The writers of those notes didnt realize that honest excuse notes were usually dull: “Peter was late because the alarm clock didnt go off.” 伪造的假条堆积如山，字迹五花八门，有的充满想象力，有的近乎疯狂。写这些纸条的人没有意识到，诚实的假条通常都很无聊:“彼得迟到是因为闹钟没响。” 由此可知，
87、应该是同真的假条相比，假假条更令人印象深刻，故选B。【49题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I was in my third year of teaching creative writing at a high school in New York”当我在纽约的一所高中教三年级的学生创意写作。根据第七段“You used your imaginations. So try more now.” 你们发挥了你们的想象力。所以现在就多尝试一下吧。由此可知作者让学生们练习写假条是为了在写作中有创造性，故选D。【50题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“When I stepped into h
88、is office, he came to shake my hand and said, “I just want to tell you that that lesson, that task, whatever the hell you were doing, was great. Those kids were writing on the college level. Thank you.” 当我走进他的办公室，他走过来和我握手说”我只是想告诉你，那堂课，那个任务，不管你在做什么，都很棒。那些孩子的写作水平达到了大学水平。谢谢你。”由此可以推断校长认为作者的教学方式是有效地，故选A。
89、【点睛】推理判断题的推断对象主要包括隐含意思、目标读者、观点态度、文章出处、写作意图等。以推断隐含意义的题目居多。推断隐含意义，即要求根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到、没有明说或者可能发生的事实。题干中常含infer（推断），suggest（暗示），imply（暗示），indicate（暗示），conclude（推断，得出结论）等词语。解此类题，首先找到相关信息，然后细读、理解相关信息的字面意义，最后结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。如小题5，根据文章最后一段“When I stepped into his
90、office, he came to shake my hand and said, “I just want to tell you that that lesson, that task, whatever the hell you were doing, was great. Those kids were writing on the college level. Thank you.” 当我走进他的办公室，他走过来和我握手说”我只是想告诉你，那堂课，那个任务，不管你在做什么，都很棒。那些孩子的写作水平达到了大学水平。谢谢你。”由此可以推断校长认为作者的教学方式是有效地，故选A。DWi
91、th child behavior, there is almost much more than it meets the eye. Because it occurs at so many different levels, child behavior that seems simple at one level can often be much more complex and meaningful at another.For instance, a little childs pattern of getting into cupboards, drawers and close
92、d rooms, even after being told not to, is easily considered as bad behavior. When viewed at that level, the pattern is unacceptable and could lead to punishment. But it can be viewed at a more complex and meaningful level, namely child exploration. If a child regularly experiences an angry parent wh
93、o seems determined to prevent any exploratory activities, the child will decide to continue to achieve future discoveries. When parents view this behavior as born out of natural curiosity rather than simple opposition, they are more likely to accept and appropriately monitor it. Although it may lead
94、 to warning responses to ensure the childs safety, it is less likely to lead to punishment.There are countless other examples. Holding a goldfish outside its bowl is foolish at one level but also can be seen as a young childs attempt to express physical affection for a pet. Spending time with friend
95、s rather than family is selfish at one level but also indicates a teens need for independence.The point here is that child behavior is often exhibited in simple forms that can appear to be oppositional selfish or generally unacceptable if viewed only at that basic level. However, when viewed at a mo
96、re meaningful level, the same apparently simple behavior can be seen as something larger and potentially more adaptive. This doesnt mean the behavior should be ignored, especially if it is inappropriate. But looking at the bigger picture of a childs behavior, adults might gain a fuller understanding
97、 of what theyre dealing with, which can create more flexibility in how they respond.51. According to Paragraph 1, we can know that child behavior _.A. is very changeableB. is inacceptableC. occurs at different levelsD. is fully understood by adults52. The example in Paragraph 2 mainly shows that _.A
98、. parents should properly punish child behaviorB. parents should keep childrens safety in mindC. childrens behavior shows their interestsD. there are different attitudes to child behavior53. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. The child will insist on doing things
99、with determination.B. The child will have to make frequent decisions.C. The child will make new discoveries in the future.D. The child will develop a strong sense of achievement.54. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that _.A. child behavior usually reflects a childs needB. what a child does can me
100、an differently when seen from different aspectsC. children tend to do something to show their dependence to their parentsD. children spending time with friends show their selfishness55. What does the writer suggest parents should do with a childs behavior?A. Have a positive attitude towards it.B. Ig
101、nore the improper behavior.C. View it at the basic level.D. Watch over it from head to foot.【答案】51. C 52. D 53. A 54. B 55. A【解析】本文为说明文。孩子的行为在一个层次上看起来很简单，但在另一个层次上往往要复杂得多，也更有意义。本文对此话题展开了介绍。【51题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的Because it occurs at so many different levels（因为它发生在很多不同的层次上）可知，儿童行为发生在不同的层次上。故C选项正确。【52题详解】
102、细节理解题。根据第二段中的If a child regularly experiences an angry parent who seems determined to prevent any exploratory activities（如果孩子经常遇到似乎决心阻止任何探索活动的愤怒父母）及When parents view this behavior as born out of natural curiosity rather than simple opposition（当父母认为这种行为是出于天生的好奇心而不是简单的反对时）可知，父母对儿童行为有不同的态度。故D选项正确。【53题详
103、解】句意理解题。根据第二段中的For instance, a little childs pattern of getting into cupboards, drawers and closed rooms, even after being told not to, is easily considered as bad behavior.（例如，即使在被告知不要这样做之后，一个小孩仍然进入橱柜、抽屉和密室的行为很容易被认为是一种不良行为）可知，有的时候，你不让孩子做，他偏要做，愤怒的父母似乎会决心阻止孩子任何探索性的活动，这反而让孩子更加坚定要做这件事。由此可推知，划线句意为“孩子将决定
104、继续实现未来的发现”。故A选项正确。【54题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的例子可知，从不同的角度看孩子所做的事情，那么他们的行为可能会有不同的含义。故B选项正确。【55题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的This doesnt mean the behavior should be ignored, especially if it is inappropriate. But looking at the bigger picture of a childs behavior, adults might gain a fuller understanding of what theyre d
105、ealing with, which can create more flexibility in how they respond.（这并不意味着这种行为应该被忽视，尤其是当它是不合适的时候。但从孩子行为的整体来看，成年人可能会更全面地理解他们所面对的问题，从而在他们的反应中创造出更大的灵活性）可知，作者建议父母应该对孩子的行为有积极的态度。故A选项正确。II卷(满分25分)词语填空根据句意用所给单词或短语的正确形式填空use up have a say on at ones leisure consequence catch ones eyegive preference to. decl
106、ine in the act of involve be host to integrityapprove of devote.to at a glance (be) obsessed with56. As a skillful craftsman, he found the subtle differences between the two vases_.57. Jackson, who_aeroplanes as a boy, has finally become a pilot.58. His_prevents him from doing anything that is unfai
107、r.59. Mary was in low spirits because her parents didnt_her going abroad.60. Little children should be allowed_matters concerning their interest.61. You can take all these books home and read them_.62. While all applications are welcome, we will_those who have a good comm of the English language.63.
108、 He slipped and broke his arm_picking up the basketball.64. The local people are worried that natural resources may_if a hotel is built here.65. When I stepped into the hall, what_first was a painting of a beautiful landscape.66. Unfortunately, I got_ in the quarrel between Jack and David.67. Its sa
109、id that the birth-rate in this city_in the past ten years, despite all the efforts the government has made.68. Since this is a matter of great_I have to consult my teacher for advice.69. More time and energy should_improving peoples environmental awareness.70. Mangroves are one of the coastal plants
110、 and they_ various birds and fishes.【答案】56. at a glance 57. was obsessed with 58. integrity 59. approve of 60. to have a say on 61. at your leisure 62. give preference to 63. in the act of 64. be used up 65. caught my eye 66. involved 67. has been declining 68. consequence 69. be devoted to 70. are
111、host to【解析】【56题详解】考查固定短语。句意：作为一名熟练的工匠，他一眼就能看出这两个花瓶之间的细微差别。根据句意“看一眼，一瞥”可知短语为at a glance。故填at a glance。【57题详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：杰克逊从小就痴迷于飞机，现在终于成为一名飞行员。根据句意“痴迷于”可知短语为(be) obsessed with，根据后文as a boy可知应用一般过去时，定语从句中谓语动词与先行词Jackson保持一致，应用单数。故填was obsessed with。【58题详解】考查名词。句意：他的正直使他不会做任何不公平的事。根据句意“正直”可知应填名词inte
112、grity，作主语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填integrity。【59题详解】考查固定短语。句意：玛丽情绪低落，因为她的父母不赞成她出国。根据句意“赞成”可知短语为approve of，结合上文her parents didnt可知为否定陈述句，应填动词原形。故填approve of。【60题详解】考查固定短语。句意：应该允许小孩子在涉及他们利益的问题上有发言权。根据句意“在上有发言权”可知短语为have a say on，且上文为短语be allowed to do sth.。故填to have a say on。【61题详解】考查固定短语。句意：你可以把这些书都带回家，有空的时候读。根据句
113、意“在某人有空的时候”可知短语为at ones leisure。故填at your leisure。【62题详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：我们欢迎所有申请者，英语良好者优先考虑。根据句意“优先考虑”可知短语为give preference to，结合上文will可知为一般将来时。故填give preference to。【63题详解】考查固定短语。句意：他捡篮球时滑倒摔断了胳膊。根据语境“在做过程中”可知短语为in the act of。故填in the act of。【64题详解】考查固定短语和语态。句意：当地人担心，如果在这里建旅馆，自然资源可能会被耗尽。根据句意“耗尽”可知短语为use
114、 up，且与natural resources构成被动关系，may后跟动词原形。故填be used up。【65题详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：走进大厅，首先吸引我注意的是一幅美丽的风景画。根据句意“吸引某人注意”可知短语为catch ones eye，结合上文stepped可知应用一般过去时。故填caught my eye。【66题详解】考查固定短语。句意：很不幸，我被卷入了杰克和大卫的争吵中。根据句意“卷入”可知短语为get involved in。故填involved。【67题详解】考查动词时态。句意：据说尽管政府做出了所有的努力，这个城市的出生率在过去的十年里一直在下降。根据句意“下
115、降”可知应填动词decline，作谓语，结合后文in the past ten years可知表示动作从过去某时开始，持续不间断发生到现在，应用现在完成时进行时，主语为the birth-rate，助动词用has。故填has been declining。【68题详解】考查名词。句意：既然这是一件重要的事，我只好向老师征求意见。根据句意“重要”可知应填名词consequence，作宾语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填consequence。【69题详解】考查固定短语。句意：应该投入更多的时间和精力来提高人们的环境意识。根据句意“投入”可知短语为 devote to，此处与time and energ
116、y构成被动关系，且should后跟动词原形。故填be devoted to。【70题详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：红树林是一种沿海植物，是各种鸟类和鱼类的寄主。根据句意“是的寄主”可知短语为be host to，结合上文are可知为一般现在时，主语为they，谓语动词用复数。故填are host to。VI.阅读表达(共5小题;每题2分;共10分) 阅读表达Walter was always sitting in the same chair when I came to visit. He would look up and smile when he saw me and pat the
117、 chair next to him for me to sit down. He loved to tell me about his lost golden years when he was an excellent baseball player. I was a good listener. After a couple of hours of talking, I would shake his hands and say goodbye to him. I hoped that I brought a little sunshine into Walters life.I met
118、 Walter when I was a high school student participating in a volunteer program with elderly people in a nursing home. It was the first of many such activities, ranging from playing with disabled children to sitting with cancer patients in a hospital. These activities seemed to satisfy my desire to be
119、 useful and to feel a meaningful connection to the lives of others.My parents inculcated me with a belief that there was no greater human value than kindness, and encouraged me to make helping others and contributing to society important goals in life. Volunteer work provided a way of attempting to
120、realize the truth of these messages.I learned that volunteerism is not a one-way act of helping someone less fortunate. Involvement in the life of another person has enriched my life as well. Seeing how people deal with the challenges of their lives has taught me valuable lessons in courage and dign
121、ity. Many of the people whom I have met as a volunteer are an unforgettable part of my life. Perhaps I received far more than I ever gave.This is why volunteerism works each of us has so much need for human connection and so much to give to others.71. What did the author do every time he visited Wal
122、ter? (no more than 10 words)_72. What was the first activity the author got involved in as a volunteer? (no more than 10 words)_73. What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 3? (1 word)_74. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? (no more than 10 words)_75. If you are to be a volunteer,
123、what will you do? What can you benefit from the volunteer work? (no more than 20 words)_【答案】71. He listened to Walter talking about his lost golden years.Or: He acted as Walters listener. 72. Visiting elderly/old people in a nursing home.Or: He visited elderly/old people in a nursing home.Or: A volu
124、nteer program with elderly people in a nursing home. 73. Taught/Instructed/Educated. 74. The author learned that volunteerism is not a one-way act.Or: The author learned that volunteerism is a two-way act.Or: The author has benefited a lot from volunteerism/his volunteer work. 75. I will look after
125、elderly people in a nursing home. I can learn a lot from their past experience(s).Or: I will help disabled children. It can satisfy my desire to be useful.Or: I will sit with cancer patients. I can learn to deal with the challenges of life.Or: I will be a volunteer to protect the environment. We can
126、 live in a better and cleaner world.Or: I will be a volunteer in an important event. It can broaden my horizons.【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者去养老院看望老人Walter，回顾了自己参加志愿活动的原因；作者认为志愿活动满足了他想成为有用的人和感受到与他人生活有意义的联系的愿望，并且从志愿活动中，他得到的比付出的要多。【71题详解】细节理解题。由第一段的句子“He loved to tell me about his lost golden years when he w
127、as an excellent baseball player. I was a good listener.”可知，Walter喜欢告诉我他失去的黄金岁月，那时他是一个优秀的棒球运动员，我是个很好的倾听者，说明作者每次拜访Walter，作者倾听Walter讲他失去的黄金岁月，或充当Walter的倾听者。故答案为He listened to Walter talking about his lost golden years./ He acted as Walters listener.【72题详解】细节理解题。由第二段的句子“I met Walter when I was a high sc
128、hool student participating in a volunteer program with elderly people in a nursing home. It was the first of many such activities,”（我在高中时认识沃尔特，当时我正在一家养老院参加一个老年人志愿者项目，这是许多此类活动中的第一次）可知，作者第一次做志愿者是拜访养老院的老人。故答案为Visiting elderly/old people in a nursing home./ He visited elderly/old people in a nursing hom
129、e./ A volunteer program with elderly people in a nursing home.【73题详解】词义猜测题。由第三段的句子“My parents inculcated me with a belief that there was no greater human value than kindness, and encouraged me to make helping others and contributing to society important goals in life.”可知，我父母教育我一个信念，即没有比仁慈更重要的人类价值，并鼓
130、励我把帮助他人和为社会作出贡献作为人生的重要目标；结合句意，inculcate意为“教育、谆谆教诲”。故答案为Taught/Instructed/Educated.【74题详解】主旨大意题。第四段主要讲了，作者认为志愿服务不是帮助不幸的人的单向行为，而是双向行为，参与别人的生活也丰富了他的生活，看到人们如何应对生活中的挑战，作者从勇气和尊严中得到了宝贵的教训，作为志愿者，作者得到的比付出的要多。故答案为The author learned that volunteerism is not a one-way act./The author learned that volunteerism i
131、s a two-way act./The author has benefited a lot from volunteerism/his volunteer work.【75题详解】开放性试题。本题为开放性试题，考生结合自己对志愿活动的认识和看法，言之有理即可。故答案为I will look after elderly people in a nursing home. I can learn a lot from their past experience(s)./I will help disabled children. It can satisfy my desire to be u
132、seful./I will sit with cancer patients. I can learn to deal with the challenges of life./I will be a volunteer to protect the environment. We can live in a better and cleaner world./I will be a volunteer in an important event. It can broaden my horizons.【点睛】词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，
133、而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。做这种类型的技巧之一：要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义，上下文语境就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。如在第3小题中，inculcate的意义要结合此单词的语境方可得出，由句子“My parents inculcated me with a belief that there was no greater human value than kindness, and encouraged me to make helping others and contributing to society important goals in life.”可知，结合句意，inculcate意为“教育、谆谆教诲”。故答案为Taught/Instructed/Educated.
