1、Unit 4 Space Exploration课时素养检测十三Unit 4Period 1. 阅读理解AModern day robots may not be as entertaining as R2D2 or the robot from Lost in Space, but robots are very important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of different ways for several important reasons. Robots make great explorers o
2、n planets, moons, and other landing areas. Aside from the earth, just about every surface in the solar system is unsafe for humans to explore. The air on most other planets is insufficient for humans to breathe, making it necessary to wear a space suit and oxygen equipment. The temperatures on these
3、 surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to withstand. Plus there would be complications with radiation, weather, and a lack of gravity. Robots have much less limitation in these areas and can survive much longer under these conditions. Robots are designed for collecting scientific
4、 data. Robots are also able to perform many tasks at one time and can process information much quicker and more efficiently. Important scientific projects from detecting minerals, analyzing ground samples, to finding water are all performed much quicker and accurately by robots. The use of robots ha
5、s made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work. In order to successfully send humans into space we would need to build a vehicle that can not only carry humans, but also enough food and water to keep them alive for the duration of the trip. More
6、over, robots have no problems working for hours on end. Robots never complain, they dont require food or water, and they never need a bathroom break. Over the past 30 years or so there have been many different types of robots used successfully in the exploration of space. Perhaps the most famous and
7、 successful robots are Spirit and Opportunity who have both been exploring the surface of Mars. They have both been very successful with experiments on soil and rocks and have even found evidence of water in Mars history. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了机器人对太空探索非常重要, 机器人正被用于太空探索。1. Which of the following would b
8、e the best title for the passage? A. The Development of RobotsB. The Discovery of Space ExplorationC. No Robots, No Space ExplorationD. Robots Are Used in Space Exploration【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“but robots are very important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of different ways for se
9、veral important reasons”可知, 本文主要介绍了机器人正被用于太空探索, 故D项正确。2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. The use of robots in space exploration costs more than the use of humans. B. It is dangerous for humans to explore other surfaces in the solar system except the earth. C. Both Sp
10、irit and Opportunity have found the evidence of water on Mars. D. Many different types of robots have explored the space successfully. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work. ”可知, 用机器人进行太空探索的花费比
11、人类从事这项工作的花费更少, 故选A。3. The underlined word “withstand” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “_”. A. remainB. bearC. defeatD. develop 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to”可知, 温度太高或太低, 任何人都无法忍受, 由此可知画线词词义为“忍受”, 故选B。4. What is the writ
12、ers attitude in this passage? A. Negative. B. Persuasive. C. Subjective. D. Objective. 【解析】选D。观点态度题。纵观全文可知, 作者只是客观地介绍了机器人在太空探索中的应用, 并没有带任何自己的主观看法。故选D。BSpace is where our future is trips to the Moon, Mars and beyond. Most people would think that aside from comets and stars, there was little else out
13、there. But, since our space journey started we have left so much trash there that scientists are now concerned that if we dont clean it up, we may all be in great danger. The first piece of space junk was created in 1964, when the American satellite Vanguard stopped operating and lost its connection
14、 with the ground center. However, since it kept orbiting around the Earth without any results, scientists became increasingly comfortable abandoning things that no longer served any useful purposes in space. It is said that there are now over 500, 000 pieces of man-made trash orbiting the Earth at s
15、peeds of up to 17, 500 miles per hour. The junk varies from tiny pieces of paint chipped off rockets to cameras, huge fuel tanks, and even odd items like the million-dollar tool kit that astronaut Heidemarie Stefanyshyn Piper lost during a spacewalk. The major problem with the space trash is that it
16、 may hit working satellites and damage traveling spaceships. Moreover, pieces of junk may crash with each other and break into pieces which fall back to the Earth. To avoid this, scientists have invented several ways for clearing the sky. Ground stations have been built to monitor larger pieces of s
17、pace trash to prevent them from crashing into working satellites or space shuttles. Future plans include a cooperative effort among many nations to stop littering in space and to clean up the trash already there. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太空被人类航空废弃物污染的现状。各国开始重视太空垃圾造成的问题以及带来的风险和危害并着手解决这一问题。5. What was the
18、first piece of man-made space trash? A. A camera. B. A tool kit. C. A fuel tank. D. A broken satellite. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知, 第一片人造太空垃圾是一个坏了的卫星, 故选D。6. Why were scientists NOT concerned about space trash in the beginning? A. It no longer served any useful purposes. B. It was millions of miles away
19、 from the Earth. C. It did not cause any problems. D. It was regarded as similar to comets and stars. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知, 科学家最初没有关心太空垃圾, 是因为它没有造成任何问题, 故选C。7. What can we conclude from the passage about space junk? A. It is huge, heavy machines. B. It never changes position. C. It floats slowly
20、around the Earth. D. It may cause problems for space shuttles. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段并结合选项可知, 太空垃圾可能会给航天飞机带来问题。故选D。8. What has been done about the space trash problem? A. Scientists have cleaned up most of the trash. B. Large pieces of space trash are being closely watched. C. Many nations have worked t
21、ogether to stop polluting space. D. Ground stations are built to help store the trash properly in space. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“Ground stations have been built to monitor. . . ”可知, 现阶段比较大的太空垃圾正在被严密监控, 故选B。. 阅读填句阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2020天水高一检测)History is a record of what has hap
22、pened in the past. 1 The really fascinating thing is that much of history has been repeated time and again. It allows us to learn from the past, both the mistakes made and the successes achieved. One of the benefits of history is reading how other people both famous and totally unknown have overcome
23、 great challenges in their life. These challenges, although particular to a person, or to a certain time in the past, or occurring in a different country or culture, all convey(传达) the same thing. 2 3 He met with many failures on the road to finally inventing the modern-day light bulb. He could be h
24、eld out as an example of a person who never gave up. 4 However, he did not let those failures stop him. He had a dream and he just kept trying different things until he did reach success. Or, consider the story of Abraham Lincoln who managed to become President of the United States even though he su
25、ffered many setbacks and personal losses. Most of us only realize the success of Mr Lincoln becoming President. 5 His life was not an easy one. His story is one that motivates us to keep moving forward no matter what obstacles we have in life. A. It has a lot of influence on us. B. Take the story of
26、 Thomas Edison as an example. C. It has some very unique qualities about it. D. I am sure he was discouraged by his many failures. E. They convey wisdom in their short stories of perseverance(毅力). F. Few of us know about the many challenges he had to overcome. G. Only those with courage to face chal
27、lenges can hope to live their dreams. 【语篇概述】 历史是对过去发生的事情的记录。从这些事情中, 我们可以学到人类犯过的错误和取得的成就。1. 【解析】选C。空格前面一句说的是历史是对过去发生的事情的记录。根据空格后的“The really fascinating thing is that. . . ”可知, 空格处说的是历史有许多独特性。2. 【解析】选E。根据前一句“. . . all convey the same thing. ”可知这一句要具体解释什么是“同样的事情”。3. 【解析】选B。本段主要讲的是爱迪生的故事。由空格后的内容可知前面应该是
28、以爱迪生为例。4. 【解析】选D。由空格后的转折词However可知, 前后句子是转折关系, 空格处应该为“爱迪生肯定为他的多次失败感到气馁过”。5. 【解析】选F。根据空格前“Most of us only realize the success of Mr Lincoln becoming President. ”可知空格处应为“很少有人知道他必须克服的许多挑战”。【素养培优】阅读课文, 根据其内容写一篇80词左右的内容概要。Scientists keep exploring space for many years and have achieved development. In 19
29、57, USSR launched the first satellite into space, orbiting around Earth. In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to be sent into space. In 1969, US astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon. China has also made great progress in space. In 2003, Yang Liwei was independently sen
30、t into space. Despite many risks and difficulties, scientists are determined to further study other planets. 阅读理解The earth is the only planet that scientists think has life. Why does the earth have life while the other planets dont? For one thing, the earth has the right temperature. As the third pl
31、anet from the sun, the earth seems to be just the right distance away. The planets which are closer to the sun are so hot that their surfaces bake in the sun. The farthest planets are cold balls. When the earth developedwhich scientists believe may have happened about 4 billion years agomany gases c
32、overed the earth. The gases caused the earth to be hot. But something wonderful happened. The temperature was just right for thick clouds to form. It rained very hard for a very long time. This gave the earth its oceans. Water made it possible for plants to grow. The plants created oxygen in the atm
33、osphere. Oxygen is the gas that humans and animals breathe. Only one other planet in the solar system seems to be something like the earth. That planet is the Mars. The Mars is smaller than the earth, and it is quite a bit cooler. But it is not too cold for humans. On some days, the temperature is a
34、s low as a winter day in the northern United States. If you wore a special spacesuit, you could walk around on the Mars. You would have to bring your own air to breathe, because the air on the Mars is too thin to breathe. The Mars has the largest volcano (火山) in the solar system. It is sixteen miles
35、 high. The highest volcano on the earth is five miles high. The most unexpected sight on the Mars is dried-up river beds. Scientists believe that the Mars was once much better than it is now. Does this mean there could have been living things on the Mars? Scientists are not sure, but there has been
36、no sign so far. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生命存在于地球的原因及火星的情况。1. Which of the following is NOT the reason why the earth has life? A. The earth has the right temperature. B. The volcanoes on the earth are lower than those on the Mars. C. There is oxygen in the atmosphere of the earth. D. The earth seems to be
37、 just the right distance away from the sun. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。文中提到地球是科学家认为的唯一有生命存在的太阳系行星, 其原因包括地球温度合适、距太阳距离适中和大气里含有氧气等。B项火山与此无关。2. The underlined phrase “the third planet” in the first paragraph refers to _. A. the SunB. the MoonC. the EarthD. the Mars【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“the earth seems to be. . . ”可知距离
38、太阳第三远的行星指的是地球。3. What can not we conclude from the passage about the Mars? A. There could have been living things on the Mars. B. The Mars has the largest volcano in the solar system. C. There is almost no oxygen in the air on the Mars. D. The Mars is smaller than the earth, and it is quite a bit co
39、oler. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Does this mean there could have been living things on the Mars? Scientists are not sure, but there has been no sign so far. 可知A项所述从文章中无法推断出来。4. Which of the following is probably the best title for the passage? A. The EarthB. The MoonC. Planets in the Solar SystemD. The Mars is Most Like the Earth【解析】选D。主旨大意题。文章先说明地球上存在生命的原因, 又对比了火星和地球, 说明火星是与地球最相似的行星。D项作标题最为恰当。