1、Section Grammar单元语法项目(一)将来完成时和将来进行时语法图解探究发现By the year 2030,development in biochemistry and medical science will have made it theoretically possible for us to live for at least 150 years.At nine oclock on Saturday morning,Ill be sitting in the front row and listening to the great Professor Willard t
2、alking about the future of my brain.By the year 2015,the clothing industry will have producednew types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them.We will be linking our brains to these computers and a huge database.我的发现(1)句和句为_时，其基本结构为：_，表示将来某个特定时间之前完成的动作。(2)句和句为_时，其基本结构
3、为：_，表示将来某个特定时间正在进行的动作。将来完成will/shall have过去分词将来进行will/shall be现在分词一、将来完成时1构成形式：shall/will have done sth.2用法：将来完成时表示未来的某个日期或某个动作之前将要完成的动作，也可用来表示一种假设。常与“before将来时间”或“by将来时间”连用，也可与 before,by the time 或when 引导的从句(从句用一般现在时)连用。I shall have finished this composition before 9 oclock.九点之前我将已经完成这篇作文了。When we
4、get to the railway station,the train will probably have left.当我们到达火车站时，火车可能已经开走了。3类型(1)系表型：shall/will have been表语表示某事继续到将来某一时间为止一直存在的状态。The old couple will have been married for 40 years by the end of the month.到这个月末这对老夫妇结婚就有 40 年了。(2)动词型：shall/will have过去分词表示到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作。By the end of this month,
5、we shall have completed the project.我们将在本月月底前完成这项工程。(3)被动结构：shall/will have been过去分词表示到将来某一时刻已经被完成的动作。The bridge will have been finished by the end of 2018.到 2018 年末这座桥就竣工了。名师点津 by the time/by the end 接将来时间，主句就用将来完成时；若接过去时间，主句就用过去完成时。在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。The children will do their homework by
6、the time they have arrived back from school.孩子们放学后回到家就开始做作业。即时演练 1 用所给词的适当形式填空(2019江苏高考改编)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals _(install)by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.(天津高考改编)On her next birthday,Ann _(marry)for twenty years.I intend to go to college after I _(complete)my high sc
7、hool.The film _(be)on for nearly an hour when you get to the cinema.I am sure he _(leave)Paris by this time tomorrow.will have been installedwill have beenmarriedhave completedwill have beenwill have left二、将来进行时1构成形式：肯定句：主语will/shall(shall 用于第一人称)be现在分词.否定句：主语will/shallnotbe现在分词.一般疑问句：Will/Shall主语be
8、现在分词.?特殊疑问句：疑问代词/疑问副词will/shall主语be现在分词.?2用法(1)在将来某时刻或某段时间内，某一动作正在进行。Ill be doing my homework at 9 oclock tonight.今晚 9 点钟我将会在做作业。Paula says that she will be working late every evening next week.保拉说下周每天晚上她都将工作到很晚。When you arrive at the meeting room,the chairman will be waiting for you by the door.你到达
9、会议室时，主席将会在门口等你。(2)表示某一动作或状态在将来时间的延续。How long will he be staying at his uncles?他将在他叔叔家待多久？Ive stayed in this hotel for 2 days and I will be staying here for another 2 days.我已经在该宾馆住了两天，我还要在这里再住两天。(3)将来进行时也可以表示纯粹的将来，或表示一种礼貌地询问和请求。You neednt cook supper,Mum.I shall be cooking dinner tonight.妈妈，你不用做晚饭了。今
10、晚的饭我来做。What will you be doing tomorrow?明天你干什么？名师点津 将来进行时与一般将来时的区别：一般将来时中的助动词 will 与 shall 有一种意图、意愿或者请求等情感色彩，而将来进行时却表示“纯粹”的将来。现在英语中还常用将来进行时表示一种礼貌地询问和请求等。即时演练 2(1)用所给词的适当形式填空(2015天津高考改编)Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she _(teach)a class at that time.(辽宁高考改编)I feel so e
11、xcited!At this time tomorrow morning,I _(fly)to Shanghai.Dont phone me between 8：00 and 10：00.We _(have)classes then.Please ring me up at six tomorrow morning,will you?Why that early?I _(sleep)will be teachingwill be flyingwill be havingwill be sleepingThe president _(meet)the foreign delegation at
12、the airport then tomorrow.(2)单句改错They have planted all the trees by five this afternoon._Daniels family will enjoying their holiday in New York this time next week._will be meetinghave 前加 willwill 后加 be.用所给词的适当形式填空1With the countrys population reaching 1.6 billion in the middle of this century,most
13、of Chinas rivers,including the Yellow River,_(dry)up.2By the time he gets to school,the lecture _(be)on for 30 minutes.3May I speak to your manager Tom at 3 oclock this afternoon?Im sorry.Tom _(go)to a conference long before then.will be dryingwill have beenwill have gone4By the end of this year,I _
14、(save)enough money for a holiday.5I _(do)my homework this time tomorrow.6I _(finish)all the work by the time you are back this evening.7I am sure he _(update)his computer software system by this time tomorrow.8At 7：00 this evening I _(download)some important information for my essay.9Im afraid I won
15、t be available.I _(see)a friend off at three oclock tomorrow afternoon.10On next Friday,I _(finish)the job.will have savedwill/shall be doingwill have finishedwill have updatedwill be downloadingwill be seeingwill have finished.完成句子1I _(在参加一个会议)at 3 oclock this afternoon.2Before long he _(就会全然忘记)abo
16、ut the matter.3The weather report says that it _(我们到达伦敦时将会下雨)4Ill go and see the exhibition _(我一做完作业)5I hope you _(学会一些法语单词)before you go abroad next month.will be attending a conferencewill have forgotten allwill be raining when we arrivein Londonas soon as I have finished myhomeworkwill have learn
17、ed some French words单元语法项目(二)代词语法图解探究发现They are amongst the scores of castles in the area.Three restaurants hold the famous Michelin star,which is really quite surprising when you think that there are only several of them in the whole country.I have something important to consult you.There are plent
18、y of good hotels and restaurants in Ludlow and their food has an excellent reputation.As the well-known local historian,David Lloyd,has said,“there are few towns like ours in Britain with such fine architecture.”These are just some of the things that make Ludlow a very special town.There are also pl
19、enty of things to do for those who like the outdoors.You will find yourself in Broad Street with its impressive 18th century houses.If you have children,drop in to The Secret Hills Discovery Centre in Craven Arms where they can learn all about the area and enjoy themselves at the same time.我的发现(1)句中
20、的 they，句中的 you,them，句中的 you,they 为_代词。(2)句中的 something 为_代词。(3)句中的 their 和句中的 ours 为_代词。(4)句中的 these 和句中的 those 为_代词。(5)句中的 yourself 和句中的 themselves 为_代词。(6)句中的 which 和句中的 who 为_代词。人称不定物主指示反身关系代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。一、人称代词1人称代词的形式数与 人称人称代词单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人
21、称第一人称第二人称第三人称主格Iyouhe/she/itweyouthey宾格meyouhim/her/itusyouthem2人称代词的作用人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下四种情况：(1)作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。Does any of you know where Tom lives?Me.你们谁知道汤姆住哪儿吗？我。What!Me(to)play him at chess?No!什么！要我去和他下棋？不！(2)句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格的意义上一般要保持前后一致。T
22、he thief was thought to be he.(the thief 是主语，故用 he代替)他被认为是个小偷。They took me to be her.(me 是宾格，故用 her 替代)他们误以为我是她。(3)作宾语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的主宾格不变。I met her in the hospital.It was her who I met in the hospital.(4)在比较级的句子中 than,as 后用主格、宾格都可以。例如：He is taller than me(I)但在下列句中有区别。I like Jack as much
23、 as her.I like both Jack and her.I like Jack as much as she.I like Jack and she likes him,too.3人称代词的排列两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：(1)在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二三一(人称)。宾格 me 也一样。You,she and I will be in charge of the case.我，你，她将要负责这桩案子。Mr Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.张先生要求我和李华去帮他。(2)第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。He
24、 and she still dont agree to the plan.他俩都不赞同这个计划。4几个人称代词的特殊用法(1)we/you(口语)常用来泛指一般人。(2)she 可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。The“Titanic”was the largest,wasnt she?泰坦尼克号是最大的船，对吗？二、物主代词1物主代词的分类物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，是人称代词的属格形式。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。2与人称代词一样，物主代词也分第一人称、第二人称和第三人称，每个人称分单数和复数。词义类型 我的你的他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的他们的(它们的)形容词性
25、物主代词myyourherouryourtheir名词性物主代词mine yourshishersitsoursyourstheirs即时演练 1 用适当的代词填空Whos knocking at the door?Its.It was he who helped out.So Im grateful to him._ flat is small,but is large,for she is richer than I._ are the children with very fair hair.My hair is very fine._ is much thicker.memeMyher
26、sTheirsYours三、反身代词反身代词指动作反身到动作执行者本身或进行强调。数人称 单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves1反身代词可作宾语、同位语、表语或主语。但反身代词不能单独作主语，只能在并列主语中作第二或第三主语。Toms mother and himself came together.(主语)汤姆和他妈妈一块来的。He isnt quite himself today.(表语)他今天不舒服。He himself finished the work.(同位
27、语)他自己完成的这项工作。They enjoyed themselves at the party.(宾语)晚会上他们玩得很高兴。2带有反身代词的习惯用语by oneself“独 自”；of oneself“自 动 地”；enjoy oneself“过 得 愉 快”；help oneself to“随 便”；teach oneself“自学”；say to oneself“自言自语”；make oneself at home“别客气”；make oneself heard/understood“使自己的话被听到/理解”。He said he would go to see the Great
28、Wall of China by himself.他说他要独自去看中国长城。即时演练 2 用反身代词完成句子We _(玩得很愉快)on the seashore yesterday.Please _(别拘束)and sit down.He spoke in a high voice so as to _(使自己 的话被听到)I must _(自学，教会自己)what I need to know.I get up every morning and _(自言自语):What can I do differently?enjoyed ourselvesmake yourself at homem
29、ake himself heardteach myselfsay to myself四、指示代词指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，表示“这个(些)”、“那个(些)”。常用的指示代词有 this,that,these,those。(1)this 与 these 常指下文要提到的事物；that 与 those 多指上文提到的事物。What I want to say is this:he is right.我想说的是：他对了。He was ill.Thats why he didnt come.他病了。那就是他没来的原因。(2)that 与 those 可作替代词，替代上文出现过的名词，以避
30、免重复。这时它们后面常有介词短语或定语从句。This novel is more interesting than that you read a few days ago.这部小说比你前几天读的那一部更有趣。(3)打电话时，this 表示自己；that 表示对方。Whos that?This is Mary.你是哪位？我是玛丽。即时演练 3 选词填空：this,that,these,those,it(2019天津高考改编)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than
31、 _ whoare not.(2015浙江高考改编)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?(2015天津高考改编)The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools.thoseitthat(2014浙江高考改编)An average of just
32、18.75 cm of rain fell last year,making the driest year since California became a state in 1850.The boys parents cant afford to pay for his schooling._ was why he dropped out.Whos speaking?_ is Jane.itThat/ItthatThis五、不定代词1不定代词主要有：all,each,every,both,either,neither,one,none,little,few,many,much,other
33、,another,some,any,no等。还有由 some,any,no 和 every 构成的合成代词。不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语等(every,no 只能作定语)。2几组不定代词的比较(1)none,no one,neithernone 既可指人，也可指物。常用于回答由 how many 引导的问句。How many of you have read the novel?None(of us)你们中有多少人看过这部小说？一个也没有。no one 只指人。常用于回答由 who 引导的问句。Who will answer
34、my question?No one.谁将回答我的问题？没人。none 指三者或三者以上的全部否定；neither 指“两者都不”。None of them are students.他们都不是学生。Neither of you has met me before.以前你们俩人都没见过我。(2)another,other,the other,others,the othersanother 指三者或三者以上中的“另一；再一；任何一个”，可作代词或形容词。other 泛指“另外的”，只作定语，修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数。前面有 some,any,each,every 等以及形容词性物主代词时，
35、可与单数名词连用。Would you please make it some other day(another day)?能否改在另一天呢？the other 指“两者中的另一个”，常与 one 连用，构成one.the other“一个另一个”。作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“其余全部的”，此时等同于 the others。There are two pens on the desk.One is red;the other is blue.桌上有两支钢笔，一支是红色的，另一支是蓝色的。Some students are from China;the other students(the ot
36、hers)are from America.一些学生来自中国，其余的来自美国。others 泛指“别的人或物”，但不是全部。Some people like to stay at home on Sunday,but others like to go to the cinema.星期天一些人喜欢待在家里，另一些则喜欢去看电影。即时演练 4 选词填空none，either，neither，nothing，nobody，no one，everyone(2015四川高考改编)Niki is always full of ideas,but is useful to my knowledge.(20
37、15福建高考改编)The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but contained any usefulsuggestions.(2014江西高考改编)When shall I call,in the morning or afternoon?.Ill be in all day.noneneitherEitherWhats that in your pocket?Oh,.Can you tell me who is in the classroom now?.(安徽高考改编)You can ask anyone
38、 for help.here is willing to lend you a hand.nothingNo one/NobodyEveryone六、相互代词表示相互关系的代词有 each other 和 one another 两组，它们的所有格形式是 each others 和 one anothers。We have lived together for a long time and know quite well each others weak points and strong points.我们生活在一起很久了，对彼此的优缺点了如指掌。七、疑问代词疑问代词有 who(谁),wh
39、om(谁),whose(谁的),what(什么)和 which(哪一个)等。在句中引导特殊疑问句，常作主语、宾语、表语或定语。Who do you think he is?你认为他是谁？八、关系代词关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系代词有主格、宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。指人：who,whom,whose指物：which,of which/whose指人或指物：that,whoseHe was one of the students who were praised in the meeting.他是会上得到表扬的学生之一。This is th
40、e pen that/which he bought yesterday.这就是他昨天买的那支钢笔。The girl whose father is a teacher has got the first place.父亲是个老师的那个女孩得了第一名。九、连接代词连接代词引导名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。连接代词有 what,that,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever。I dont know what was the matter with you.我不知道当时你怎么了。Whoever
41、breaks the law will be punished.不论谁触犯了法律都要受到惩罚。即时演练 5(1)用适当的关系代词填空This is the pencil point is broken.He came back for the book he had forgotten.She is the same person came here last Sunday.whosewhich/thatthat(2)用适当的连接词填空We are discussing we shall do to help the poor.It depends on you can do the work
42、 well.I wonder you are getting on with your studies.He got caught in the heavy traffic.That was he was late.We consider it necessary he should improve his pronunciation.whatwhetherhowwhythat.用适当的代词填空1(2014山东高考改编)Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.2(2014四川高考改编)Shed
43、lived in London and Manchester,but she liked and moved to Cambridge.3(2014福建高考改编)In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in,knives and forks.itneitherothers4I prefer a university in Shanghai to _ in Beijing,because I like the weather there.5Id rather ride a bike as bike riding has _ of th
44、e trouble of taking buses.6I thought the journey would be simple,but _ could be further from the truth.7When you introduce me to Mr Johnson,could you please say _ for me?8Jack said you got a unique watch for your birthday.Yes.Maybe,it is not to the taste of,but I like it.onenonenothingsomethingevery
45、one.完成句子1 of his parents are peasants and _much knowledge.他父母都是农民，没有多少文化。2 is(to)have a good sleep.我想做的就是去好好睡一觉。3Ill buy so as to have a change sometimes.我将买这两条领带以便有时可以换一换。Bothneither of them knowsAll/What I want to doboth of the ties4Ive found a beautiful coat in the shop this morning and _ this afternoon.我今早在商店里发现了一件漂亮的外套。我今天下午将去买来。5He was sent to prison,_.他被判入狱了，这使我们很吃惊。6 is so clever as Tom.在我的所有朋友中，没有一个和汤姆一样聪明。Ill goto buy itwhich surprised all of usOf all my friends,none“单元质量检测”见“Unit 20 单元质量检测（二）”(单击进入电子文档)谢谢 观 看