1、北京市首都师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年高二英语下学期期末试题（含解析）第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30 分)第一节 完形填空（共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。The measure of a mans real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.-Thomas Macaulay. About thirty years ago, I was studying i
2、n a public school in New York. One day, Mrs Nanette ONeill gave a maths test to our class. When the papers were _1_ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test.There is nothing really new about_2_ in exams. Perhaps that was why Mrs ONeill didnt even say a w
3、ord about it. She only asked the twelve boys to _3_ after class. I was one of the twelve.Mrs ONeill asked no questions, and she didnt scold us either. Instead, she wrote on the blackboard the_4_ words by Thomas Macaulay. She then ordered us to copy these words into our exercise-books one hundred tim
4、es.I dont know about the other eleven boys. Speaking for myself I can say it was the most important single_5_ of my life. Thirty years after being introduced to Macaulays words, they_6_ seem to me the best yardstick (准绳), because they give us a way to measure ourselves rather than others._7_ of us a
5、re asked to make great decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle. But all of us are called_8_ daily to make a great many personal decisions. Should the wallet, found in the street, be put into a pocket or_9_ to the policeman? Should the _10_ change received at the store be forgo
6、tten or returned ? Nobody will know except you. But you have to live with yourself, and it is always better to live with someone you respect.1. A. completedB. examinedC. markedD. answered2. A. lyingB. cheatingC. discussingD. guessing3. A. leaveB. apologizeC. comeD. remain4. A. aboveB. commonC. follo
7、wingD. unusual5. A. lessonB. incidentC. chanceD. memory6. A. stillB. evenC. alwaysD. almost7. A. AllB. FewC. SomeD. None8. A. upB. outC. forD. upon9. A. turned upB. turned onC. turned backD. turned over10. A. extraB. smallC. someD. necessary【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. A【解析】【
8、分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述作者的一次数学测验经历，老师让他们抄写Thomas Macaulay的话，而这句话也成为作者衡量自己做事情的准绳。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：批改试卷时，她发现有12个男生在整个考试过程中都犯了一模一样的错误。A. completed完成；B. examined检查； C. marked给评分；D. answered回答。根据下文“she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test.”可知她在批阅试卷的时候才会发现一模一样
9、的错误，故选C。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：考试作弊并不是什么新鲜事。A. lying说谎；B. cheating欺骗，作弊；C. discussing讨论；D. guessing猜测。根据上文一模一样的错误，可知是考试作弊，故选B。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她只是让那十二个男孩下课后留下来。A. leave离开；B. apologize道歉C. come来；D. remain留下。 根据下文老师让这十二个男孩留下来抄写Thomas Macaulay那些话，可知是课后留下来。故选D。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，她在黑板上写了上面托马斯麦考利的话。A. abov
10、e上面的；B. common普通的；C. following接来的；D. unusual不平常的。根据文章第一句“The measure of a mans real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.-Thomas Macaulay. ”可知老师写下的是上面的话，故选A。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就我个人而言，我可以说这是我一生中最重要的一课。A. lesson课程；B. incident事件；C. chance机会；D. memory记忆。根据下文“Thirty years a
11、fter being introduced to Macaulays words, they_6_ seem to me the best yardstick (准绳), because they give us a way to measure ourselves rather than others. ”，以及上文老师留我们抄写麦考利的话，可知这成了我三十年后衡量自己的一个准绳，所以说是重要的一课，故选A。【6题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在我听了麦考利的这句话三十年后，这句话在我看来仍然是最好的准绳，因为这句话给了我们一种衡量自己而不是他人的方法。A. still仍然；B. even甚
12、至；C. always总是；D. almost几乎。根据下文“because they give us a way to measure ourselves rather than others. ”，可知这一仍然最好的准绳，因为它三十年来一直对作者有影响，故选A。【7题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：我们中很少有人被要求做出参与国家战争或军队战争的重大决定。A. All所有；B. Few很少；C. Some一些；D. None没有。根据下文“But all of us are called_8_ daily to make a great many personal decisions.”这里
13、为转折，根据语境可知这里应该是很少，符合语境，故选B。【8题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：但是我们每天都需要做很多个人决定。A. (call) up打电话；B. (call) out叫喊；C. (call) for提倡；D. (call) upon号召，要求。call on/upon sb. to do sth.可译为”要求某人做某事“，根据上文“_7_ of us are asked to make great decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle. ”和下文转折，所以是我们每天也被要求去做一些个人的决定
14、，故选D。【9题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：在街上捡到的钱包应该放在口袋里还是交给警察? A. turned up出现；B. turned on打开；C. turned back掉过头来；D. turned over移交。根据上文“the wallet, found in the street”，可知是交给警察符合语境，故选D。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在商店多收的零钱是应该忘记还是退还? A. extra额外的；B. small小的；C. some一些；D. necessary必要的。根据下文“be forgotten or returned”，可知是应该是多收的零钱，故选A
15、。第二节 语法填空（共 10 小题：每小题 15 分，共 15 分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。I still remember our physics teacher _11_ gave us a challenge that involved making a paper plane of any shape. The only objective was to get it to fly as far as possible. Standing at the starting line,
16、 one of my classmates took a piece of flat paper, crumpled (把捏成一团) it up, and _12_ (throw) it down the way. He beat the class with ease. Some of the students got mad and said that he cheated, but the physics teacher _13_ (clear) explained it could be any shape and that a paper ball was indeed a shap
17、e.【答案】11. who 12. threw 13. clearly【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文简述作者在上物理课时，老师要求学生叠一个能飞的很远的纸飞机，形状不限，有一个同学就将纸捏成一团扔了出去，同学们都很愤怒，但老师认为纸团也是一种形状。【11题详解】考查定语从句。句意：我还记得我们的物理老师给了我们一个挑战，那就是做一个任何形状的纸飞机。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是teacher，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。【12题详解】考查时态。句意：句意：我的一个同学站在开始线那里，拿了一张纸，捏成一团然后扔了出去。此处并列连词and连接并列的
18、谓语，由空前took和crumpled可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填threw。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：有些学生生气了，说他作弊，但我们的物理老师给我们详细地解释道，形状不限，就算是一团纸也是一个形状。此处修饰谓语动词explained，应用副词。故填clearly。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Alibaba isnt the only company _14_ introduces hightech hotels. Smart LYZ, a Shenzhenbased company wh
19、ich focused on developing AI technology and smart hotels, opened the first ever fully automated (自动化的) hotel in Chengdu, _15_people consider to be one of the best places to live. Travelers can book a room through Smart LYZs WeChat website, check in through a facial recognition machine, unlock the do
20、or with a _16_(give) passcode or through its mobile app and finally, check out by pressing a button on the app. The AI Smart Room will undoubtedly be extremely attractive to guests.【答案】14. that 15. which 16. given【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。阿里巴巴并不是唯一一家推出高科技酒店的公司，总部位于深圳的智能LYZ公司专注于开发人工智能技术和智能酒店，在人们认为最适合居住的地方之一成都开
21、设了首家全自动酒店。文章介绍了这家酒店的入住程序。【14题详解】考查定语从句。句意：阿里巴巴并不是唯一一家推出高科技酒店的公司。此处为限定性定语从句，修饰先行词company，指物，在从句中作主语，且由the only修饰，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。【15题详解】考查定语从句。句意：总部位于深圳的智能LYZ公司专注于开发人工智能技术和智能酒店，在人们认为最适合居住的地方之一成都开设了首家全自动酒店。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Chengdu，指物，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：
22、旅行者可以通过Smart LYZ的微信网站预订房间，通过面部识别机器办理入住，用给定的密码或通过其移动应用程序开门，最后按下应用程序上的一个按钮办理退房。修饰后文名词passcode，表示“给定的”应用形容词given，作定语。故填given。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。The objectives of education can be various. One is _17_ (gain) all kinds of knowledge, that can give us insights
23、into how people think and the right attitude when interacting with people of different cultures. The second is to prepare individuals for a well-rounded life in society. In other words, it helps individuals think _18_ (depend), develop critical thinking skills and act based on judgment. Thirdly, edu
24、cation helps learners understand _19_ the thing is right or wrong, learn _20_ to interact with others, behave with integrity, etc.【答案】17. to gain 18. independently 19. whether 20. how【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了教育的三个目标。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一是获取各种各样的知识，让我们深入了解人们在与不同文化的人交往时的思维方式和正确态度。分析句子结构可知，空处需用非谓语动词作表语，根据后文“
25、The second is to prepare individuals”和句意可知，空处需用动词不定式作表语。故填to gain。【18题详解】考查副词。句意：换言之，它帮助个人独立思考，发展批判性思维技能，并根据判断采取行动。空处需用副词作状语，根据前一句“The second is to prepare individuals for a well-rounded life in society. (二是为个人在社会中的全面生活做好准备)”可知，空处需用depend的副词independently“独立地”，表示独立思考。故填independently。【19题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：
26、第三，教育帮助学习者理解事情是对还是错，学习如何与他人互动，行为正直等。空处需用连接词引导宾语从句，根据空后“right or wrong”和句意可知，whether“是否”，引导宾语从句，符合题意。故填whether。【20题详解】考查连接词。句意同上。此处表示“如何与他人互动”，所以空处需用how+动词不定式作动词learn的宾语。故填how。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38 分）第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AUSA TODAY 10Bests Readers Choic
27、e Awards are currently on hold.We asked our readers to vote for the top events across six categories:music,general food,specialty food,film,cultural and emerging industries(founded in the past five years).These are some of the winners:Kutztown Folk FestivalThe nine-day Kutztown Folk Festival is the
28、nations oldest continuously operated folk life festival,drawing visitors from around the globe.A celebration of Pennsylvania Dutch culture and heritage,the event includes Americas largest quilt sale,200 craftsmen and folk artists,local food and family friendly entertainment.Water Lantern FestivalThe
29、 Water Lantern Festival is all about connections.Magical nights in cities across the US include food,live music and the beauty of thousands of lanterns decorated with letters of love, hope and dreams floating on the water.Carnaval of QuebecThe Quebec Carnaval is a 10-day festival of winter,the world
30、s largest,complete with nighl parades(庆祝游行），ice skating,snow sculptures and a towering ice palace.Other highlighls include ice canoe racing,a sugar shack and iconic Caribou drinks.San Francisco Chinese New Year ParadeSan Francisco has celebrated its Chinese heritage during its annual Chinese New Yea
31、r Festival&Parade since just after the Gold Rush.The parade ranks among the best in the world, with 100 units,fancy costumes,fireworks and a 268-foot Golden Dragon,which takes a team of 100 men and women to march through the streets.It has become one of the largest events of its kind in the world,dr
32、awing some three million spectators and television viewers.21. What can you see during Kutztown Folk Festival?A. Modern arts.B. Quilts for sale.C. Traditional weddings.D. Shows on stage.22. Which festival is meant to promote interpersonal relationships?A. Kutztown Folk Festival.B. Carnaval of Quebec
33、.C. Water Lantern Festival.D. San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade.23. Carnaval of Quebec and San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade both.A. include special foodB. relate to paradesC. take place only at nightsD. have sculpture exhibitions【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了今日美国评选的十佳读者选择奖，列举了几个
34、榜上有名的重大事件和活动。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“A celebration of Pennsylvania Dutch culture and heritage,the event includes Americas largest quilt sale,200 craftsmen and folk artists,local food and family friendly entertainment.”可知，在这一节庆活动中包括全美最大型的被子展销。故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“The Water Lantern Festival is all a
35、bout connections.Magical nights in cities across the US include food,live music and the beauty of thousands of lanterns decorated with letters of love, hope and dreams floating on the water.”可知，这一节庆活动中，人们可以通过灯笼来传达各种感情，借此增进人与人之间的联系。故选C项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“the worlds largest,complete with nighl parad
36、es(庆祝游行）”和第五段中“San Francisco has celebrated its Chinese heritage during its annual Chinese New Year Festival&Parade”可知，两个事件中都有游行活动。故选B项。BFor decades,Americans have been sorting their trash believing that most plastic could be recycled.But the truth is that the vast majority of all plastic produced c
37、ant be or wont be recycled.In 40 years,less than 10% of plastic has been recycled.A news programme Frontline,by NPR and the PBS,found that oil and gas companies- the makers of plastic-have known that all along,even as they spent millions of dollars telling the American public the opposite.The plasti
38、cs industry officials said the industry is providing money for new technology that they believe will get recycling plastic up to scale.The goal,they said,is to recycle 100% of the plastic they make in 5 years.But the more plastic is recycled,the less money the industry will make by selling new plast
39、ic.And those profits have become increasingly important.Companies have told shareholders（股东）that profits from using oil and gas for transport are expected to decline in coming years with the increasing use of electric cars.The industry leaders expect oil and gas demands from the chemical industry wi
40、ll be much greater than the demand from the transport side in the coming decade.Plastic production overall is now expected to rise three times by 2050,and once again,the industry is spending money on advertisements and public relations to promote plastic recycling.Plastic is now more common than its
41、 ever been and harder to recycle.Gas prices remain at historic lows,making new plastic cheaper than recycled plastic.And the industry now produces many more different-and more complex-kinds of plastics that are more costly to sort and in many cases cant be recycled at all.Efforts to reduce plastic u
42、se are mounting nationwide,but any plan to slow the growth of plastic will face an industry with billions of dollars of future profits to lose.24 What do we know about the goal of 100%plastic recycling?A Its modest.B. Its achievable.C. Its urgent.D. Its unreal.25. How will the oil and gas companies
43、make more profits in the following years?A. By selling electric cars.B. By adding emphasis on recycling.C. By increasing plastic production.D. By meeting the needs of transport.26. What does the underlined wordmountingin paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Increasing.B. Working.C. Failing.D. Decreasing.27.
44、 What may be the best title for the text?A. Should Plastic Be Recycled?B. Can Plastic Waste Be Handled?C. Recycle Plastic or Sell More?D. Plastic Products or Substitutes?【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A 27. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。一方面，人们在努力促进塑料的回收利用，减少塑料的使用，一方面石油与天然气如果需要获得更多利润，需要生产更多塑料，而塑料的回收意味着利润的减少。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第
45、一段中的“But the truth is that the vast majority of all plastic produced cant be or wont be recycled. In 40 years, less than 10%of plastic has been recycled.”可知但事实是，绝大多数生产的塑料不能或不会被回收利用。在40年里，只有不到10%的塑料被回收。所以百分之百回收塑料的这个目标是不现实的。故选D项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But the more plastic is recycled, the less money the
46、 industry will make by selling new plastic. And those profits have become increasingly important. Companies have told shareholders（股东）production overall is now expected to rise three times by 2050,”可知回收的塑料越多，这个行业通过销售新塑料赚的钱就越少。然而这些利润变得越来越重要。公司对股东说在未来几年随着电动汽车的使用，交通运输业中石油和天然气的需求减少，利润会下降。行业领袖预计，未来10年，化工
47、行业对石油和天然气的需求将远远超过运输行业。由此推断，在交通运输业利润减少的情况下，石油和天然气公司为了获取利润，会生产更多塑料。故选C项。【26题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句子Efforts to reduce plastic use are mounting nationwide可知减少塑料使用的努力正在全国范围内mounting。 根据前文“The plastics industry officials said the industry is providing money for new technology that they believe will get recycli
48、ng plastic up to scale.”和“the industry is spending money on advertisements and public relations to promote plastic recycling.”可知塑料产业和石油天然气行业都在促进塑料的回收利用，所以由此推断，减少塑料使用的努力正在全国范围内“增加”，mounting与A项（increasing）意思相同，故选A项。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一句话“Efforts to reduce plastic use are mounting nationwide, but any p
49、lan to slow the growth of plastic will face an industry with billions of dollars of future profits to lose.”可知减少塑料使用的努力正在全国范围内展开，但任何减缓塑料增长的计划都将面临某个行业未来会损失数十亿美元利润的局面。而文章也是围绕着这个写的，第一二段着重强调了人们为回收利用塑料所做的努力，第三段提出石油与运输行业利润的减少需要生产更多塑料赚钱，塑料生产的减少意味着利润的损失。第四段总结全文再次强调是要利润还是减少塑料的这个困境。故C项（回收塑料还是卖更多？）最能够概括文章大意。故选
50、C项。CNew App Helps People Remember FacesLarge gatherings such as weddings and conferences can be socially overwhelming. Pressure to learn peoples names only adds to the stress. A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue, but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution.The app, called
51、 SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions. “It breaks down these social barriers we all have when meeting somebody,” says Barry Sandrew, who created the app and tested it at an event attended by abou
52、t 1,000 people.After receiving an invitation to download SocialRecall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event, the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendees
53、 face, the app identifies the individual, displays the persons name, and links to his or her social media profile. To protect privacy, it recognizes only those who have agreed to participate. And the apps creators say it automatically deletes users data after an event.Ann Cavoukian, a privacy expert
54、 who runs the Privacy by Design Center of Excellence praises the apps creators for these protective measures. She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that informati
55、on being used in another context that might come back to bite you.”The start-up has also developed a version of the app for individuals who suffer from prosopagnosia, or “face blindness,” a condition that prevents people from recognizing individuals they have met. To use this app, a person first acq
56、uires an image of someones face, from either the smartphones camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a users phone, according to the team behind the
57、 app.28. SocialRecall is used to _.A. take photosB. identify peopleC. organize eventsD. make friends29. SocialRecall helps people with prosopagnosia by _.A. giving names to the photos kept in their smartphonesB. collecting information previously entered in the phoneC. providing the information of a
58、person when they first meetD. showing the persons information when it spots a stored face30. What can we learn about SocialRecall from the passage?A It may put peoples privacy at risk.B. It has caused unintended consequences.C. It can prevent some communication disorders.D. It is praised by users fo
59、r its protective measures.【答案】28. B 29. D 30. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一款新的应用程序帮助人们识别面孔，但也有可能泄露隐私。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions.(这款名为SocialRecall的应用软件可以
60、通过智能手机摄像头和面部识别功能将名字和人脸联系起来，从而避免了正式介绍的必要)”可推知，SocialRecall是用来识别人的。故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someones face, from either the smartphones camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the prev
61、iously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a users phone, according to the team behind the app.(要使用这款应用程序，用户首先要从智能手机的摄像头或照片上获取某人的面部图像，然后给它贴上一个名字。当摄像头在现实生活中发现同一张脸时，之前输入的信息就会显示出来。该应用程序的研发团队表示，收集到的数据只存储在用户的手机上)”可知，SocialRecall通过在识别人脸时显示此人的信息来帮助脸盲症患者。故选D。【30题详解】推理判断题。
62、根据文章第四段中的“She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.”(然而，她警告说，当人们选择在这款应用上分享个人信息时，他们应该知
63、道，“这些信息在另一种情况下使用，可能会带来意想不到的后果，最终可能会反过来伤害到你。”)”可推知，SocialRecall这款应用程序可能会危及人们的隐私。故选A。DFollowing the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), also named COVID-19 by WHO, there is a general fear of the unknown virus as its full effects remain to be seen. Fever, coughing, sore throat, difficult
64、y breathing the NCPs symptoms are similar to the common cold or the flu, but its potentially more dangerous.Viruses could be deadly, like HIV and Ebola. But what are viruses? How can they cause so much trouble?Viruses are non-living organisms (有机体) approximately one-millionth of an inch long. Unlike
65、 human cells or bacteria, they cant reproduce on their own. Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to reproduce, spread and take over.Viruses can infect every living thing from plants and animals down to the smallest bacteria. For this reason, they always have the potential to be dangero
66、us to human life. Sometimes a virus can cause a disease so serious that it is fatal. Other viral infections trigger no noticeable reaction.Viruses lie around our environment all of the time, waiting for a host cell to come along. They can enter our bodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or breaks in the sk
67、in. Once inside, they try to find a host cell to infect. For example, HIV, which causes AIDS, attacks the T-cells of the immune system.But the basic question is, where did viruses first come from? Until now, no clear explanation for their origin exists. “Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult”,
68、 Ed Rybicki, a virologist (病毒学家) at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, told Scientific American, “because viruses dont leave fossils and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells theyve invaded”.However, there are three main hypotheses (假说) to explain the
69、 origin of viruses. First, viruses started as independent organisms, then became parasites (寄生者). Second, viruses evolved from pieces of DNA or RNA that “escaped” from larger organisms. Third, viruses co-evolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongside these cells.For the time being
70、, these are only theories. The technology and evidence we have today cannot be used to test these theories and identify the most plausible explanation. Continuing studies may provide us with clearer answers. Or future studies may reveal that the answer is even murkier (含糊不清的) than it now appears.31.
71、 What can we learn about viruses from the text?A. Viruses have nothing to do with the common cold.B. Viruses are really small living organisms.C. Viruses cant reproduce unless they find a host cell.D. Viruses enter our bodies mainly through the mouth, nose and hair.32. Which of the following might e
72、xplain the origin of viruses?A. They evolved from the fossils of large organisms.B. They evolved from parasites into independent organisms.C. They evolved from the T-cells in animals.D. They evolved along with their host cells.33. The underlined word “plausible” in the last paragraph probably means
73、_.A. reasonableB. commonC. creativeD. unbelievable34. What can we conclude from the text?A. Viruses live longer in human host cells than in animals.B. Viruses will become more like bacteria as they evolve.C. It may take a long time to understand the origin of viruses.D. The author is optimistic abou
74、t future virus research.【答案】31. C 32. D 33. A 34. C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了关于COVID-19新型冠状病毒肺炎的传播途径、病毒起源的研究情况。研究表明病毒自身无法传播，是通过宿主细胞来感染的；目前关于病毒起源的解释有三种主要的假说，但都还处于理论阶段。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Unlike human cells or bacteria, they cant reproduce on their own. Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to
75、reproduce, spread and take over. （与人类细胞或细菌不同，它们不能自己繁殖。相反，它们侵入生物体的细胞来繁殖、传播和接管）”可知，病毒自身不能繁殖，只有找到宿主细胞才能繁殖。故选C项。32题详解】细节理解题。第七段是关于病毒起源的三种假说。其中第三种假说是“Third, viruses co-evolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongside these cells.”可知，研究认为病毒与宿主细胞共同进化，并且与这些细胞共存。故选D项。【33题详解】词句猜测题。第七段中提到“ther
76、e are three main hypotheses (假说) to explain the origin of viruses.”，以及第八段中“these are only theories”。可知，关于病毒的起源，现在都只是处于理论阶段。现在的技术和数据对于病毒的起源还无法作出“合理的”解释。因此可以猜测plausible意思为“合理的”。故选A项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Continuing studies may provide us with clearer answers. Or future studies may reveal that the answe
77、r is even murkier (含糊不清的) than it now appears.（后续的研究可能会给我们提供更清晰的答案。或者未来的研究可能表明，答案甚至比现在看起来的还要含糊不清的。）”可以推断，要找到病毒的起源还需要很长一段时间。故选C项。第二节 （共 5 小题:每小题 2 分，共 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Are you a bookworm? Is your head permanently stuck in a book? _35_ There are many benefits to reading.
78、 Getting into a good novel improves our literacy. But who or what encourages us to pick up a book and start reading?Of course, when we are young, our parents and teachers inspire us by introducing us to characters that we love or hate. As a child, I loved books written by Roald Dahl, such as Charlie
79、 and the Chocolate Factory and The Twits. _36_ They are popular with children even today, despite competition from contemporary authors.One modern-day childrens author is J. K. Rowling, whos known for her books about the wizard, Harry Potter. _37_ The UKs National Literacy Trust awarded her the titl
80、e for “turning a generation of children into readers”._38_ It can also help people in difficult circumstances. The author Pat Winslow worked as a writer in prisons and found reading and discussing stories helped prisoners reflect on their patterns of behavior. She says, “very often we would have dis
81、cussions about the moral compass of a character. What was the motivation of somebody? Why did they behave that way?”Today I like to read factual books such as biographies, where you get an insight into the lives of important and well-known people. I also enjoy looking at travel books and learning ab
82、out journeys and new destinations. _39_But the main benefit of reading is the improvement it brings to our literacy. The more we do it, the better we get and who knowsone day you may become the next Tolstoy, Jackie Collins or even William Shakespeare.A. If so, thats a good thing for you.B. Its a goo
83、d substitute if you cant visit in person.C. Good writing can really capture our imagination.D. Reading books is more than an enjoyable leisure time.E. These fictional stories were funny, twisted and slightly evil.F Who are your favorite authors and which are your favorite books?G. She was named as a
84、 “literacy hero” for improving peoples love of reading.【答案】35. A 36. E 37. G 38. D 39. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述阅读带来的好处。【35题详解】空格前面是两个一般疑问句，向读者发出提问，空格后面一句是，阅读有很多好处，那空格处需要承上启下，A. If so, thats a good thing for you.如果是这样，那对你来说是一件好事情，前半句回应了那两个问句，后半句为什么是好事情况呢，正好引出了空格的后一句，因为阅读有很多好处。所以选A项【36题详解】空格后一句，出现代词“Th
85、ey”说明空格处也应该是复数而且空格前一句“I loved books written by Roald Dahl, such as Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and The Twits.”我喜欢罗尔德达尔写的书，比如查理、巧克力工厂和小树枝。是介绍了几本我喜爱的书，所以空格处依旧是要写这几本书有关的东西，故E项“这些虚构的故事情节有趣的、扭曲的，还有点邪恶”切题。故选E项。【37题详解】空格前一句是介绍“J. K. Rowling” ，空格后是英国国家文学给她颁奖，因此空格处还是要围绕她来说，故G选项 “她因提高人们对阅读的热爱而被称为 “扫盲英雄”
86、 切题。故选G项。【38题详解】空格后一句话是“It can also help people in difficult circumstances.”它也帮助处在困难的人，说明空格处是讲的好事，同时也要与“difficult circumstances”呼应，故D项“读书不仅仅是一个愉快休闲的时光”切题。故选D项【39题详解】空格前主要讲了作者喜欢看比如像自传的一些书，在这些书里可以看到名人的生活。同时作者也喜欢看一些旅游的书并且了解旅行和新的地方。这些都是作者不能亲自体验的，是作者通过阅读来体会的，结合选项，故B项“如果你不能亲自前往，它也会是一个很好的替代物”切题。故选B项。【点睛】七选
87、五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即文中要关注前空后的代词。在本文中，第2小题空格后的“they”，均与上下文或选项中有相呼应的词语。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32 分）第一节 阅读表达（共 4 小题：第 40、41 小题各 2 分，第 42 小题 3 分，第 43小题 5 分，共 12 分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。A new study reveals more answers about why Earths second largest ocean is expanding four centimetres.Thats around the height of a
88、 golf tee. The width of a cracker. Its also the amount that the Atlantic Ocean is expanding every year.Now when youre talking about an ocean that is 4,830 kilometres (3,000 miles) wide at its largest point, 4 centimetres (1.6 inches) is not much. But it is happening. So naturally, scientists want to
89、 know why.Thanks to a new study, researchers think that they have the answer why. You could even call it a hot take. As in hot magma, or molten rock, deep under the ocean floor!The study suggests that the expansion is being caused by magma(岩浆) bubbling up from under an underwater mountain range call
90、ed the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Lets start with what that ridge is.Basically, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is the seam between some very large tectonic plates. The ridge is also known as a plate boundary. As weve discussed before here, tectonic plates are essentially the platforms that our continents rest on.
91、They are large pieces of the crust that are always moving in slow motion.This movement is what causes earthquakes, for example. And the areas where the plates meet are where we tend to find things like mountains and volcanos, as well.In this case, as the magma bubbles up from the mantle(地幔) below th
92、e crust, it is pushing the edges of both plates out of the way. As a result, the ocean is slowly getting wider.This is a new finding. Before the study, scientists thought that the plates were being pulled apartthey were being dragged away from the ridge by forces occurring on either side of the ocea
93、n, not from in the middle.Scientists still believe that this pulling motion is happening. It is just that now, they feel that the bubbling magma is an important force as well. There is push and pull.The scientists behind this study have been quick to point out that their research is only looking at
94、a small cross-section of the ridge. Its like a slice across it. What is happening right along this slice, may not be happening the same way up and down the entire ridge. But it is still really useful informationand how they got it is pretty cool.Back in 2016, a research ship traveled to a very quiet
95、 spot directly over the ridge. Over five weeks, the crew dropped 39 seismometers on to the ocean floor. These devices allow them to listen to the activity of the tectonic plates and what was beneath it. Its like what a stethoscope does with your heartbeat, but for the planet. A year later, they retr
96、ieved the devices and looked at the data.Then it was back to the lab to try and piece together what they learned. In the end, they have added to our understanding of how and why the Earths surface constantly moves. Even if it is only by about a little bit each year!40. What is causing the expansion
97、of Earths second largest ocean?41. What does the underlined phrase “This movement” refer to?42. Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.Scientists find that it is the magma below the crust that is pushing the edges of both plates out of the way
98、 to cause the ocean to slowly get wider, but not the forces occurring on either side of the ocean pulling the plates apart.43. What do you think of the process of how the finding was got? (about 40 words)【答案】40. The expansion is being caused by magma bubbling up from under an underwater mountain ran
99、ge called the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. 41. The slow motion/movement of the crusts of the earth (tectonic plates). 42. Scientists find that it is the magma below the crust that is pushing the edges of both plates out of the way to cause the ocean to slowly get wider, but not the forces occurring on either
100、 side of the ocean pulling the plates apart.According to the passage, scientists still believe that this pulling motion is happening. It is just that now, they feel that the bubbling magma is an important force as well. There is push and pull. 43. In my opinion, this finding is helpful for the scien
101、tists of earth science. It is also the scientific basis of the sustainable development strategy. It not only contributes to the research of sustainable development, including the rules of resources, environment and global change, but also can provide the planning and management basis for social deve
102、lopment.(One possible version)【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一项新的研究揭示了地球第二大海洋为什么膨胀了的原因。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第五段“The study suggests that the expansion is being caused by magma(岩浆) bubbling up from under an underwater mountain range called the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Lets start with what that ridge is.（这项研究表明，这种扩张是由
103、海底“山脉”(即中大西洋脊)下涌出的岩浆造成的。让我们从山脊开始。）”可知，这种扩张是由海底 (即中大西洋脊)下涌出的岩浆造成的。故答案为The expansion is being caused by magma bubbling up from under an underwater mountain range called the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.。【41题详解】考查词义猜测。根据上文“Basically, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is the seam between some very large tectonic plates. The
104、 ridge is also known as a plate boundary. As weve discussed before here, tectonic plates are essentially the platforms that our continents rest on. They are large pieces of the crust that are always moving in slow motion. （基本上，中大西洋洋脊是一些非常大的构造板块之间的接缝。这个山脊也被称为板块边界。正如我们之前讨论过的，构造板块本质上是我们大陆所依托的平台。它们是地壳的大
105、块，总是在缓慢移动。）”由此可推断这种运动就是指板块的移动，故答案为The slow motion/movement of the crusts of the earth (tectonic plates).。【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第五段“This is a new finding. Before the study, scientists thought that the plates were being pulled apartthey were being dragged away from the ridge by forces occurring on either
106、side of the ocean, not from in the middle.（这是一个新发现。在这项研究之前，科学家们认为板块是被拉扯开的它们被大洋两边的力量从洋脊上拖走，而不是被洋脊中间的力量拖走。）”由此可知科学家们仍然相信这种“拉”运动正在发生。只是现在，他们觉得沸腾的岩浆也是一股重要的力量。因此“Scientists find that it is the magma below the crust that is pushing the edges of both plates out of the way to cause the ocean to slowly get w
107、ider（科学家发现它是地壳下面的岩浆，将这两个板块的边缘拉扯导致海洋慢慢宽）”这一部分是正确的；后半部分 “but not the forces occurring on either side of the ocean pulling the plates apart.（但不是海洋两侧的力量将板快分开。）”不符合文意，故答案为Scientists find that it is the magma below the crust that is pushing the edges of both plates out of the way to cause the ocean to slo
108、wly get wider, but not the forces occurring on either side of the ocean pulling the plates apart. According to the passage, scientists still believe that this pulling motion is happening. It is just that now, they feel that the bubbling magma is an important force as well. There is push and pull.【43
109、题详解】考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段“Then it was back to the lab to try and piece together what they learned. In the end, they have added to our understanding of how and why the Earths surface constantly moves.（然后回到实验室尝试拼凑他们所学到的东西。最后，它们增加了我们对地球表面如何以及为什么不断移动的理解。）”由此可知这一发现对于科学家们研究地球科学有帮助意义，并且为以后地球的可持续发展作出贡献，故答案为In my
110、opinion, this finding is helpful for the scientists of earth science. It is also the scientific basis of the sustainable development strategy. It not only contributes to the research of sustainable development, including the rules of resources, environment and global change, but also can provide the
111、 planning and management basis for social development.(One possible version)第二节（20 分）44. 假如你是红星中学的李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中询问北京海淀近几年的变化，请根据以下要点进行回复。1、变化是什么；2、对你的影响；3、期待朋友来北京海淀。Dear Jim，_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,Its so nice to hear from you. Knowing that you want to learn about the changes in Beijing Haidi
112、an these years, Im more than willing to tell you.In the past few years, great changes have indeed taken place in Beijing Haidian. To start with, more and more foreign companies are set here, which bring in more foreign people working and living here. Besides, there are more roads and subways built o
113、r being built, which relieves the problem of traffic jams in this busy capital. Shared bikes have become popular in Beijing Haidian as well. Speaking of the problem of air pollution, many measures like traffic control, using electricity or gas as fuel instead of coal have been taken.I am taking in a
114、ll the advantages of all those changes as I am now riding a shared bike to school every day, breathing fresh air as well as keeping my body fit. You must have sensed my progress in my English wording, since I enjoy talking with my foreign teacher and learn from him in my Oral English Class.Anyway, I
115、 cant wait to have you here to witness all those changes yourself. Come here, and you will be stunned.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Jim写信介绍北京海淀近几年的变化、对你的影响并期待他来海淀。【详解】1.词汇积累变化：changevariation发生：take placehappen此外：besidesin addition利用：take advantage of =make use of2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Knowing t
116、hat you want to learn about the changes in Beijing Haidian these years, Im more than willing to tell you.拓展句：Because I know that you want to learn about the changes in Beijing Haidian these years, Im more than willing to tell you.【点睛】高分句型1 Knowing that you want to learn about the changes in Beijing Haidian these years, Im more than willing to tell you. (运用了现在分词作原因状语及that引导的宾语从句)高分句型2 You must have sensed my progress in my English wording, since I enjoy talking with my foreign teacher and learn from him in my Oral English Class. (运用了since引导的原因状语从句)
