1、课时素养检测 十五Unit 4Period 3. 阅读理解AWhen it comes to medical care,many patients and doctors believe “more is better. ” But what they do not realize is that overtreatmenttoo many scans,too many blood tests,too many proceduresmay bring harm. Sometimes a test leads you down a path to more and more testing,so
2、me of which may be invasive,or to treatment for things that should be left alone. Terrence Power,for example,complained that after his wife learned she had Wegeners disease,an uncommon disorder of the immune system,they found it difficult to refuse testing recommended by her doctor. The doctor insis
3、ted on office visits every three weeks,even when she was feeling well. He frequently ordered blood tests and X-rays,and repeatedly referred her to specialists for even minor complaints. Even when tests came back negative,more were ordered,and she was hospitalized as prevention when she developed a c
4、old. She had as many as 25 doctor visits during one six-month period. The couple was spending about $30,000 a year for her care. After several years of physical suffering and near financial ruin from the medical costs,the couple began questioning the treatment after discussing with other patients in
5、 online support groups. “Its a really hard thing to determine when theyve crossed the line,” Mr Power said. “You think shes getting the best care in the world,but after a while you start to wonder: What is the purpose?”Mr Power then spoke with his own primary care doctor,who advised him to find a ne
6、w specialist to oversee Mrs Powers care. Under the new doctors care,the regular testing stopped and Mrs Powers condition was stable. Now she sees the doctor only four or five times a year. 【语篇概述】本篇为医疗类话题的说明文。在疾病的治疗上,很多病人和医生都认为越多越好。但是Terrence Power的妻子患韦格纳氏病后就医的经历却说明过度治疗会给病人带来危害。1. What is the main id
7、ea of this passage?A. Treatments do not always cause harmful side effects. B. Patients tend to believe more testing is better treatment. C. Too much medical care may not be beneficial to patients. D. Doctors generally recommend office visits that are necessary. 【解析】选C。主旨大意题。浏览全文,结合第一段第二句“But what th
8、ey do not realize is that overtreatmenttoo many scans,too many blood tests,too many proceduresmay bring harm. ”可知,文章的主要观点是过多的医疗检查或护理对病人并无益处,故选C。2. Which of the following was a problem for Mrs Power during her medical treatment?A. She had to be hospitalized for three weeks whenever she had a cold. B.
9、 When test results showed she was fine,her doctor still ordered more tests. C. She did not have any insurance,so she became penniless because of her illness. D. Her doctor asked her to consult other specialists due to her constant complaints. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。由文章第二段,特别是这一段的He frequently ordered blood te
10、sts and X-rays,and repeatedly referred her to specialists for even minor complaints. 可知,Power夫人的问题是当她的检查结果良好时,医生仍然让她做检测,故选B。3. Who does “they” in the third paragraph most likely refer to?A. Doctors. B. Other patients. C. Mr and Mrs Power. D. The online support groups. 【解析】选A。词义猜测题。该词所在句意为: 很难断定医生是不是
11、过度治疗。故they指代的是医生。故选A。BLike a lot of health-care professionals,Dr. Brian Goldman finds it extremely difficult to draw boundaries between his work and personal lives. “Theres this view that you should suck it up and do one more thing,” says the ER physician and host of CBCs White Coat,Black Art. But t
12、hat “one more thing” often comes at Goldmans expense. “Youre exhausted and a patient or their family look at you with begging eyes,”he says. “So you have this dilemma: say that your shift is over or give until youre totally spent?” Goldmans work stress combined with family tension after his mother w
13、as diagnosed with dementia 20 years ago. Caring for her over a decade was difficult,as was dealing with his fathers grief. “When someone else is drowning you,you have to grab a life preserver and save yourself,” says Goldman. Setting boundaries isnt just important for busy professionals;everyone can
14、 benefit from managing situations that cause undue stress or pain. Here are some tips. First,“If someones behavior makes you unhappyand it could be anything from the way they speak to you to repeatedly failing to stick to their promisethen theres room to set limits,”says Patrick Keelan,a Calgary psy
15、chologist. We often avoid setting limits because we prioritize the happiness and comfort of others over ours. In order to control this impulse,Goldman suggests framing the development of boundaries as a form of self-kindness. When facing an overwhelming situation like the one he was in with his fath
16、er,Goldman suggests reflecting on what is making you feel uncomfortable,unhappy or unappreciated. “You cant relate to others or be kind to others if you arent kind to yourself,”he says. Second,once youve become aware of your needs,setting and maintaining boundaries requires clear verbal communicatio
17、n. There are three obstacles to enforcing boundaries in a relationship: fear,guilt and self-doubt,says psychologist Nicole MaCance. We often fear that if we set limits,the other person will reject us,or we feel bad claiming our needs. Keelan proposes setting ground rules before relationships become
18、tense. Start by cooperatively listing valueslike mutual respect,support,and loyaltyand then building the guidelines from these values. If youre struggling to reach a consensus,Keelan recommends engaging a third party,such as a therapist to help. Now,if you want a boundary to stick to,you cant enable
19、 someone in breaking it. As such,its crucial to establish consequences for transgressions(越轨). Otherwise,McCance says,“youre giving them permission to violate that boundary. ”If they wont respect your boundaries,you have to do some soul-searching about the value of the relationship. “When you feel b
20、ad more than you feel good in this persons presence and when the relationship is impacting your self-worth and happiness,its time to reassess,”says McCance. Saying no is hard,but she suggests framing it as saying yes to healthier relationships. “Were all better mothers and partners and brothers when
21、 we have boundaries. ”【语篇概述】本篇为说明文,讨论了医务工作者工作和个人生活之间设定必要的界限的重要性,同时就如何设定界限提出了几点建议。4. What do we know about Goldman?A. He is in need of support in his work. B. He is caught between his work and life. C. He slides into the state of desperation. D. He always puts his family at the first place. 【解析】选B。细节
22、理解题。由文章第一段中的“Like a lot of health-care professionals,Dr. Brian Goldman finds it extremely difficult to draw boundaries between his work and personal lives. ”可知,像许多医疗保健专业人士一样,布菜恩戈德曼博士发现他很难在工作和个人生活之间划清界限,也就是在工作和生活之间进退维谷。故选B。5. What do the underlined words “this impulse” in the fourth paragraph refer t
23、o?A. prioritizing others happinessB. avoiding setting limits C. failing to stick to their promise D. framing the development of boundaries【解析】选A。代词指代题。根据画线词所在句的前一句提到 “we prioritize the happiness and comfort of others over ours”可知,this impulse“这种冲动”指的就是“优先考虑别人的幸福”。故选A。6. Whats the best title of the p
24、assage?A. Do communicateB. Do not crossC. Identify your limitsD. Say no and mean it【解析】选B。标题归纳题。文章开始谈医疗保健专业人士布莱恩戈德曼博士发现他很难在工作和个人生活之间划清界限。然后第二段举例说明这样做的危害。这两段是导入主题之前的铺垫。随后的第三段提出文章的主题,即 “Setting boundaries isnt just important for busy professionals;everyone can benefit from managing situations that cau
25、se undue stress or pain. ”(设定界限不仅对忙碌的专业人士很重要,每个人都可以从成功应对造成过度压力或痛苦的情况中获益。)接下来几段作者就如何设定界限提出了几点建议。所以“Do not cross”能够概括整篇文章中心,提醒人们要设定必要的界限,并且永远都不要超越界限。. 完形填空There are times when we feel as if our bad circumstances will never change. When we meet troubles or problems in our lives,we are1 for a sign that
26、tells us everything will be 2 and get better. When in this mindset(心态),I think back to a 3 I once heard about a family having dinner at a Chinese restaurant. At the end of the meal,everyone 4 their fortune cookie and read their messages out loud. 5 ,the youngest child did not,she went to get another
27、 fortune cookie. This 6 several times before the mom stopped her and asked,“What are you doing?”The little child responded,“I am looking for a cookie with the 7 fortune for me. ” The mom said,“There is only one thing you need to8 and its not in a fortune cookie. That is where there is a will theres
28、a way. ”When 9 are not going our way,we may 10 the “right fortune”. We seek the hope for our 11 so that it will be better than the present. Once the Israelis were expelled(驱逐) in a foreign country against their will. At that time,everything was 12 for them,but they didnt lose hope; instead,they 13to
29、 their new environment positively. Years later they returned to their homeland as they had 14. In life we need to take action and hope and believe that nothing is impossible to a willing mind. It does 15 that good things do come out of bad and difficult situations. 【文章概述】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了这样一个小故事: 一个家
30、庭在中餐馆吃饭,妈妈告诉最小的孩子,寻找幸运曲奇没有意义,需要知道 “有志者事竟成”的道理,在生活中,我们需要采取行动,怀抱希望,坚信“有志者,事竟成”。1. A. ready B. gratefulC. responsibleD. desperate【解析】选D。考查形容词辨析。ready 准备好的;grateful 感激的; responsible 负责任的;desperate 极度渴望的。根据前文When we meet troubles or problems in our lives可知生活中遇到麻烦或问题时,我们极度渴望得到一个信号来告诉我们“一切都是可以解决的,一切都会变得更好”
31、。故选D。2. A. settledB. hiddenC. defeatedD. gone【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。settled 解决;hidden隐藏;defeated打败;gone逝去。根据前文When we meet troubles or problems in our lives可知,一切都是可以解决的。故选A。3. A. messageB. storyC. problemD. case【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。message 消息;story 故事;problem问题;case情况,实例。从空后的 “I once heard about a family having din
32、ner at a Chinese restaurant”可知,作者想起了一个曾经听说过的故事。故选B。4. A. ateB. tastedC. touchedD. opened【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。ate 吃;tasted尝;touched 触摸;opened 打开。根据后文宾语“fortune cookie”可知,应是中餐馆给客人的包有预测未来运气的小纸条的幸运曲奇,因此打开之后才能看到小纸条上的内容。故选D。5. A. AnyhowB. HoweverC. OtherwiseD. Therefore【解析】选B。考查副词。每个人都大声读出上面的的内容,然而,最小的孩子没有,她去拿另外
33、一个幸运曲奇。由语境可知,前后两句是转折关系。故选B。6. A. changedB. ranC. happenedD. showed【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。changed 改变;ran跑,流淌;happened发生; showed 表示,展示。从后面的 before the mom stopped her and asked,“What are you doing?”可知,这种情况发生了多次才引起了妈妈的注意。故选C。7. A. goodB. badC. wrongD. right【解析】选D。考查形容词辨析。good 好的; bad坏的;wrong 错的; right 对的。根据后文Wh
34、en _are not going our way,we may _the “right fortune”. 可知本句中应是“right fortune”。8. A. doubtB. guessC. knowD. hope【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。doubt怀疑;guess猜测;know知道;hope希望。根据后文“That is where there is a will theres a way. 可知,句意: 只有一个道理你要懂得,这不在幸运曲奇中。这是妈妈希望小孩子能够懂得的道理。故选C。9. A. memoriesB. thingsC. questionsD. chances【解析
35、】选B。考查名词辨析。memories 记忆;things情况;questions问题; chances 机会,可能性。句意: 当情况不按我们预想的方式发展时,When _are not going our way,we may _the “right fortune”. 在表达: 事情不是按照我们预想的方式发展,我们可能去寻找“正确的运气”。故选B。10. A. search forB. make upC. take outD. wrestle with【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。search for寻找;make up构成,编造,弥补;take out去掉,取出,带某人外出;wrest
36、le with全力对付,努力克服。句意: 我们可能去寻找“正确的运气”。故选A。11. A. familyB. workC. businessD. future【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。family家庭;work工作;business 生意,商业; future 未来。根据下文的so that it will be better than the present”可知,应是对未来寄予希望。12. A. easyB. difficultC. commonD. special【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。easy 容易的; difficult困难的;common 共同的;special特别的。根
37、据前文 Once the Israelis were expelled in a foreign country against their will. 可知,他们被驱逐,因此一切都很困难。故选B。13. A. adjustedB. turnedC. stuckD. agreed【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。adjusted调整;turned变成,转过;stuck 卡住; agreed 同意。由前文“they didnt lose hope”可知,他们虽然被驱逐,但是没有放弃希望,而是在新环境中积极调整自己。故选A。 14. A. leftB. expectedC. talkedD. remem
38、bered【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。left 离开;expected期待;talked 谈话;remembered记得。以色列人没有放弃希望,而是积极地调整自己适应新的环境。 多年以后,他们正如期望的那样回到了祖国。故选B。 15. A. proveB. tellC. considerD. understand【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。prove 证明; tell 告诉,判断;consider考虑,认为; understand 理解。在生活中,我们需要采取行动,怀抱希望,坚信“有志者,事竟成”,这确实证明了好的事情会从糟糕的、困难的境况中产生。故选A。 . 语法填空In many coun
39、tries,1. _ is not unusual for families of different backgrounds to live together in the shared space. 2. _,in the United States,this idea may still be considered odd. But this type of housing,3. _(call) co-housing,is gaining 4. _ (popular) in the United States,too. Co-housing complexes are popping u
40、p across the country. For many people,this way of life is 5. _relief to the busy modern lifestyle. A co-housing community has 6. _. (private) owned houses and shared land. There is often a “common house” with a kitchen and dining room, meeting room,and maybe a workshop of library or music room. Abou
41、t 25 co-housing communities 7. _ (build) in recent years,and 150 more are planned. A co-housing complex is a place 8. _ residents shop,cook,and eat together. Residents of a co-housing complex like its sense of shared community. Children have other kids to play 9. _,which many families like. Other re
42、sidents like the feeling of living in a “village”. Residents also say that they can live in co-housing for 10. _(little) money than they would pay for nearby apartments. 【语篇概述】本文为说明文,主要分析现在合住在美国越来越受欢迎的原因,并描述了合住的好处。1. 【解析】it。考查代词用法。句意: 在许多国家,不同背景的家庭生活在共享的空间很平常。分析句子可知,此句的真正主语是不定式“to live together in t
43、he shared space”,故要用it充当形式主语。故填it。2. 【解析】However。考查副词用法。句意: 然而,在美国,这种想法可能仍然被认为很奇怪。分析上下文语境可知,在很多国家这种现象很平常,然而在美国人们仍然认为这种想法很奇怪,表示转折,空后有逗号,且位于句首,故填However。3. 【解析】called。考查非谓语动词。句意: 但是这种被称为合住的居住方式在美国也越来越受欢迎。 分析句子可知,句中is gaining是谓语动词,故设空处应用非谓语动词,且call与主语“his type of housing”之间为被动关系,用过去分词作定语。故填called。4. 【解
44、析】popularity。考查形容词与名词转换。 “gain popularity”为固定搭配,意为“受欢迎”,用名词作宾语。故填popularity。5. 【解析】a。考查冠词用法。句意: 对许多人来说,这种生活方式是对忙碌的现代生活方式的一种解脱。relief意为“解脱”,分析句子可知,此处a用于修饰抽象名词,表示“一种解脱”。故填a。6. 【解析】privately。考查副词。句意: 合住社区有私人所有的房子和共享的土地。句中privately修饰动词own。故填privately。7. 【解析】have been built。考查时态和语态。句意: 近年来已经建设了大约25个共居社区。
45、由句中的时间标志词in recent years可知,此处应用现在完成时,又因build与主语“About 25 co-housing communities”之间为被动关系,故此处要用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been built。8. 【解析】where。考查定语从句。句意: 合住小区是居民一起购物、做饭和吃饭的地方。分析句子可知,此处是以a place为先行词的定语从句,且在定语从句中缺少充当地点的状语。故填where。9. 【解析】with。考查介词搭配。句意: 孩子们可以跟其他孩子一起玩,这是许多家庭喜欢的。play with sb. 为固定搭配,意为“与一起玩”。故填with。10. 【解析】less。考查形容词比较级。句意: 居民们还表示,与附近的公寓相比,他们能以更少的钱合住。应用little的比较级。故填less。