1、Unit 4 Amazing art课时作业(十)Unit 4Section Starting out & Understanding ideas.阅读理解ALanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by huntergatherers，small，tightly knit(联系)groups develope
2、d their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12, 000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and thei
3、r languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to d
4、isappear, and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, whi
5、le hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which mean
6、s that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in
7、the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a questionmark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?AThey developed very fast.BThey were large in number.CThey had similar patterns.DThey were closely conne
8、cted.2Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2?AComplex. BAdvanced.CPowerful. DModern.3How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?AAbout 6,800. BAbout 3,400.CAbout 2,400. DAbout 1,200.4What is the main idea of the text?ANew languages will be c
9、reated.BPeoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.CHuman development results in fewer languages.DGeography determines language evolution.B Most of the sandstorms that had swept China last year came from foreign land, a Chinese official in charge of desertification (荒漠化) control said on Monday. A
10、nd the invasions (入侵) could partly explain the frequent sandstorms in the country in recent years despite its achievements in desertification control. Since the start of last spring, the north and northwestern Chinese regions had been hit by 17 sandstorms, of which, a dozen came from foreign land. S
11、ituated in the centralAsia sandstorm region, one of the worlds four largest sandstorm sources, China also suffers from sandstorms from outside the country while being blamed as a sand source to northeast Asia. The other three major sources are in Africa, North America and Australia. The land sufferi
12、ng from desertification has been decreasing by 7,585 square kilometres annually in China, and the area of sandy land has also been falling by 1,284 square kilometres a year. The shrinkage (收缩) forms a clear contrast to the fact that the land suffering from desertification and sandy feature was added
13、 by 10,400 square kilometres and 3,436 square kilometres late last century, respectively. Currently, the desertification land in China makes up 2.64 million square kilometres, accounting for 27.46 percent of the nations land, and its sandy land totals 1.74 million square kilometres, accounting for 1
14、8.1 percent of the countrys total.5What does the underlined word “decreasing” mean in Paragraph 4? AGoing down. BGoing up. CComing from. DTaking up.6Where do most of the sandstorms in China come from? AThe northwestern Chinese regions. BThe northern Chinese regions. CThe western part of China. DFore
15、ign countries.7Which of the following is believed to be the sand source to northeast Asia? AMongolia. BAfrica. CChina. DAustralia.8What can we infer from this passage? AThe land in China suffering from desertification has been increasing greatly. BChina has made achievements in its own desertificati
16、on control. CThe desertification land makes up nearly half of Chinas territory. DLittle progress has been made in controlling desertification in China.阅读七选五Successful students are highly motivated (激励) by an inner drive to study well. They have a specific career goal in mind. _1_ So they form their
17、own good study habits, plan ahead and stick to their study timetables on their own initiative.If you want to be a successful student, motivate yourself and know that it is only you who are responsible for your study. There are some useful ways to improve your motivation.1You should write down your l
18、earning goals, which makes them become clear.2Imagine your success. Experience the feeling of reaching your particular goal.3_2_4Seek advice and learn from the good students in your class.Successful students tend to study hard. They pay attention to class as well as taking notes. _3_ Outside class t
19、hey find a quiet place to study, because they know that academic life comes before their social life.Set your goals. After setting goals it is important to write them down for many reasons.1Goals that arent written are only wishes.2It helps you make a commitment to yourself.3_4_4No one wants to regr
20、et not doing something they could have done.Successful students manage their time well by setting up weekly timetables. They make the best use of their study time and find a quiet place to study every day. _5_ Most of the suggestions mentioned above can improve your motivation.AGive yourself rewards
21、. Each time you complete a lesson, do something special for yourself.BIt gives you a way to see your progress.CThey make study time productive and not necessarily long.DYou will be proud of yourself when you achieve success.EThey know that they are responsible for their success or failure.FWhen you
22、set your goals, make sure that your goals are specific and realistic.GThey arrive at the classroom early and sit in the front.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。If you think you cant do something, then you cant do it 1._ (real)Its that simple. And it is the saddest truth in the process of being
23、 2._ (success). There are a variety of 3._ (hardship) you will face in your journey to wherever you are going, and there is no way of 4._ (avoid) them, which is a natural part in the process. However, the biggest challenge you will likely face is 5._ (you). You can accomplish almost anything you can
24、 dream of 6._ motivation. But you will not accomplish even your most ordinary goals if you say you cant. You will never know how hard or how easy something really is if you never give it 7._ chance. In turn, any chance is bound to 8._ (destroy) by a “cant”. You might not even be aware that you are y
25、our own worst enemy, and how much you are limiting yourself simply by saying that you “cant” do and how much you can turn them into 9._ you can do.Always remember 10._ (think) that you can do it.课时作业(十).阅读理解【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了全球语言多样性的发展变化以及现在所面临的危机。1答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句“Some language experts believe th
26、at 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.”可知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言却很丰富，故选B。根据第一段第二句“When the world was still populated by huntergatherers, small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each
27、 other.”可知，在狩猎时代，小的紧密联系的群体发展了各自独立的语言，故C、D项错误；根据第一段的内容可知，文中未提及狩猎时代语言的发展速度，可排除A项。2答案与解析：C词义猜测题。此题可从画线词后面的举例“such as English，Spanish and Chinese”着手，英语、西班牙语和汉语都是目前世界上几大语言之一，这几门语言的影响力是很大的；由此猜测，dominant与选项中的powerful最为接近。complex“复杂的”；advanced“高级的，先进的”；powerful“有影响力的”；modern“现代的”。故选C。3答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一
28、句“The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知，目前全球不同语言使用人数的中位数仅是6 000，这就意味着世界上有一半的语言的使用人数不到6 000；结合第三段第一句“At present，the world has about 6,800 languages.”可知，选B。4答案与解析：C主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句中的“but in recent times th
29、ere has been less coming and a lot more going”和第二段可知，随着人类社会的发展，尤其是工业化、全球化以来，很多语言已经消失，即人类的发展使得语言的种类越来越少。故选C。【语篇解读】近年来中国遭受严重的风沙袭击，而中国也被认为是风沙的来源之一，经过努力中国在治沙方面取得显著的效果。5答案与解析：A词义猜测题。根据第四段最后的“has also been falling by 1,284 square kilometres a year”可知，该词的意思是“减少”，故选A项。6答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第一段提到“Most of the sands
30、torms that.control said on Monday.”去年袭击中国的沙尘暴来自外国，故选D项。7答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第三段“China also suffers from sandstorms.sand source to northeast Asia.”可知中国被认为是东北亚风沙的来源地，故选C项。8答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据第四段提到“The land suffering from.falling by 1,284 square kilometres a year.”遭受风沙袭击的土地每年减少7 585平方公里，沙地的区域一年减少了1 284平方公里，故可知控
31、制沙漠化取得了成效，故选B项。.阅读七选五【语篇解读】本文向读者介绍了成功的学生是如何提升学习动力并有效管理时间的。1答案与解析：E根据空前“在他们心中都有具体的职业目标”，再结合空后“因此他们形成了良好的学习习惯”可知，过渡句是E项，即他们知道成败在于自己。故选E。2答案与解析：A此空属于提升自己学习动力的方法之一，A项表示奖励一下自己，即每次完成一课后，为自己做一些特别的事情。故选A。3答案与解析：G这里说到成功的学生在校的学习方法，认真听讲，仔细记笔记，因此G项与语境相符，早到学校，坐在前排。故选G。4答案与解析：B写下设定的目标有很多理由，B项表示它能让你看到自己的进步，属于理由中的一
32、条。故选B。5答案与解析：C找一个安静的环境，每天在那里学习，这样学习会事半功倍，因此C项内容符合语境。故选C。.语法填空【语篇解读】本文告诉我们：如果你认为你不能做某事，那么你就真的不能做这件事。永远记住，你可以做到。1答案与解析：really考查副词。副词修饰动词，故答案为really。2答案与解析：successful考查形容词。be动词后面用形容词作表语，故答案为successful。3答案与解析：hardships考查名词的数。此处表示在旅途中你将遇到各种各样的磨难。由此可知此处用名词的复数形式，故答案为hardships。4答案与解析：avoiding考查非谓语动词。此处表示没有办
33、法避免它们。介词of后用动名词作介词的宾语，故答案为avoiding。5答案与解析：yourself考查代词。句意：然而，你可能面对的最大挑战就是你自己。根据句意可知答案为yourself。6答案与解析：with/by考查介词。句意：你可以通过动力实现几乎所有的梦想。根据句意可知答案为by/with。7答案与解析：a考查冠词。句意：如果你从不给它一个机会，你永远也不会知道它到底有多困难或多容易。根据句意可知答案为a。8答案与解析：be destroyed考查动词的语态。句意：反过来，任何机会都注定要被“不能”摧毁。be bound to do sth.“肯定会做某事”，故此处用动词原形；根据句中“bt acant”及句意可知此处指机会被摧毁，应用被动语态。故答案为be destroyed。9答案与解析：what考查宾语从句。此处表示把它们变成你能做的。此处是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词和宾语，故答案为what。10答案与解析：to think考查非谓语动词。句意：永远记住，你可以做到。remember to do sth.“记得要去做某事”。根据句意可知答案为to think。