1、课时作业(八)Unit 3Section Learning About Language.阅读理解A Gases, like black carbon, methane (甲烷) and ozone (臭氧) in city smog, are called “shortlived climate pollutants (污染物)”， which exist both outdoors and indoors and decrease agricultural crops. WHO says emissions from these climate pollutants cause many
2、serious illnesses, including lung cancer. And these pollutants are responsible for many of the more than 7 million premature deaths each year that are connected to air pollution. Maria Neira in WHO says the pollutants have a strong impact on climate change. But the good news is that they only stay i
3、n the atmosphere for a few days to 10 years. That is much shorter than carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that can remain for hundreds, or even thousands of years. According to Maria Neira, when you address the shortlived pollutants, you can reduce emissions very rapidly, and then improve air quality.
4、 You will have an immediate reduction in the ill health and diseases because of the reduction of air pollution. WHO has many available and affordable ways to reduce these shortlived climate pollutants. At the top of the list is cutting vehicle emissions by requiring higher emission and efficiency st
5、andards. More emissions are released when engines are running. Indoor air pollution also contributes to poor health and premature death. WHO reports that nearly 3 billion lowincome households rely on “dirty fuels”. Coal, wood and kerosene used for cooking and heating are examples. Cleaner and more e
6、fficient stoves and fuel alternatives could cut down on health risks. Another way to cut back on these pollutants is to have more investment and policies for rapid transport. These include buses, trains, bicycles and pedestrian or walking routes. These investment could have many benefits, including
7、safer travel, reduced health risks from noise and air pollution and more physical activity. The WHO report also calls for encouraging highincome and middleincome populations to include more plantbased foods in their diets. It says this could the risk of developing reduce heart disease and some cance
8、rs, and could also slow the methane gas production that comes with some animalsourced foods.1The “shortlived climate pollutants” are so called because _.Athey cause many to die youngBthey exist shorter than the greenhouse gasCthey live indoors for a short timeDthey have a short effect on peoples hea
9、lth2The underlined word “address” in Paragraph 4 means “_”Alive on Btalk aboutCdeal with Dturn to3What can be inferred from the whole passage?ARich people hardly ever eat plantbased foods in daily life.BNo emissions are released from stopped engines.CGovernments should take measures to fight polluti
10、on.DHeart disease and some cancers are caused by the pollutants.4Which of the following may be the best title of the text?AThe ways to fight air pollutionB. Reducing “shortlived climate pollutants” to save livesCSome sources of serious air pollutionDA report on pollution from WHOBAs global temperatu
11、res rise, trees around the world are experiencing longer growing seasons, sometimes as much as three extra weeks a year. All that time helps trees grow faster. For the past 100 years, trees have been experiencing fast growth in mild areas from Maryland to Finland, to Central Europe, where the growth
12、 rate of some trees has even sped up by nearly 77% since 1870. Supposing wood were just as strong today, those gains would mean more wood for building, burning, and storing carbon captured from the atmosphere. But is wood really as dense(茂密的) as it used to be? Hans Pretzsch, a forest scientist in Ge
13、rmany, and his colleagues wanted to find an answer. They carried out a study of the forests of Central Europe. They started with small pieces of experimental land in southern Germany, some of which have been continuously monitored since 1870. Pretzsch and his team took core samples(样品) from the tree
14、swhich included Norway spruce, sessile oak, European beech, and Scots pineand analyzed the tree rings. They found that in all four species, wood density had decreased by 8% to 12%. “We expected a trend of the wood density like this, but not such a strong and significant decrease，” Pretzsch says. Inc
15、reasing temperatures, and the faster growth they spur, probably account for some of the drop. Another factor, Pretzsch says, is more nitrogen in the soil from agricultural fertilizer and vehicle exhaust. Previous studies have linked increased fertilizer use to decreased wood density. Above all, the
16、study suggests that the higher temperaturescombined with pollution from car exhaust and farmsare making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable. “I am getting worried，” says Richard Houghton, an ecologist at the Woods Hole Research Center in Massachusetts
17、, who was not part of the new study. As the density of the samples dropped, so did their carbon content. That means forests may suffer more damage from storms and may be less efficient at absorbing carbon dioxide than scientists think, Houghton says.5Paragraph 1 is written to _.Aprove an idea Bintro
18、duce the topicCgive an example Ddescribe a fact6What does the study show?AFarming slows trees growth.BMore areas are covered with forests.CGlobal warming changes the quality of wood.DPollution leads to higher temperatures.7What does Richard Houghton mean?AGreat loss might be caused.BStorm damage can
19、 be prevented.CThe size of forests might be increased.DLess greenhouse gases can be sent out.8What is the best title for the passage?AWe only have one earthBTreesour best friendsCThe influence of climate changeDTrees are growing faster, but weaker.七选五 Solutions to Climate Change There are personal l
20、ifestyle changes that you can make and that, to some extent, can help reduce your carbon impact. Not all are right for everybody. But applying just a few of them could make a difference. Move closer to work. Transportation is one of the leading sources of greenhouse gas emissions. _1_ One way to dra
21、matically cut transportation fuel needs is to move closer to work, use mass transportation, or switch to walking, cycling or some other modes of transport that does not require anything other than human energy.Consume less. _2_ Whether by quitting an automobile or employing a reusable grocery sack,
22、cutting back on consumption results in fewer fossil fuels being burned to extract, produce and ship products around the globe. _3_ A potentially simpler and even bigger effect can be produced by doing more with less. Citizens of many developed countries are energywasters, whether by speeding in a ga
23、swasting vehicle or leaving the lights on when not in a room. Similarly, employing more efficient refrigerators, air conditioners and other appliances can cut electricity bills. _4_ You can turn the lights or your computers off when you leave the office. Stop cutting down trees. When purchasing wood
24、 products, such as furniture or flooring, buy used goods or, failing that, wood proved officially to have been sustainable harvested. The Amazon rainforest and other forests are more than the lung of the earth. _5_ ABe energy efficient.BUse few electrical appliances.CBut it doesnt have to be that wa
25、y.DSuch efforts can also be usefully employed at work.EThey may also be humans shortterm hope for limiting climate change.FThe easiest way to cut back on greenhouse gas emissions is simply to buy less stuff.GCitizens spend more money on electricity to power devices when theyre off than when theyre o
26、n.课时作业(八).阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是“短期气候污染物”，它们会给人类带来的危害以及可以减少这些污染物排放的方法。1答案与解析：B细节理解题。由文章第三段中的But the good news is that they only stay in the atmosphere for a few days to 10 years. That is much shorter than carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that can remain for hundreds，or even thousands of years.
27、可知，“短期气候污染物”是由于它们在空气中存在的时间比温室气体短而得此名。故选B。2答案与解析：C词义猜测题。由画线单词后的you can reduce emissions very rapidly, and then improve air quality. You will have an immediate reduction in the ill health and diseases because of the reduction of air pollution可知，这是解决掉“短期气候污染物”的结果。由此可推知，画线单词的意思是“处理掉，解决掉”。live on以为食；talk
28、 about谈论；deal with处理，应付；turn to转向。故选C。3答案与解析：C推理判断题。由第五段中的cutting vehicle emissions by requiring higher.standards以及倒数第二段中的Another way to cut back on these pollutants is to have more investment and policies for rapid transport.可推知，政府应该采取一些措施来治理污染问题。故选C。4答案与解析：B主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文，文章前三段介绍了什么是“短期气候污染物”以及它们会给
29、人类带来的危害，剩下的五段内容提出了解决方案。只有选项B中的“shortlived climate pollutants”可与本文主题“短期气候污染物”呼应，其中的 Reducing也与最后几个段落中的解决方案呼应。故选B。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。对森林的研究表明，气候变暖会改变木材的质量树生长得越来越快，但树也越来越脆弱。5答案与解析：B写作目的题。根据第一段中的“Supposing wood were just as strong today, those gains would mean more wood for building, burning, and storing c
30、arbon captured from the atmosphere. But is wood really as dense(茂密的)as it used to be”可知，第一段提出问题，启发读者进行思考，从而引入本文的话题。故选B。6答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the study suggests that the higher temperaturescombined with pollution from car exhaust and farmsare making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more eas
31、ily and wood that is less durable”可知，对森林的研究表明，全球变暖会改变木材的质量。故选C。7答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“That means forests may suffer more damage from storms and may be less efficient at absorbing carbon dioxide than scientists think”可知，Houghton的意思是随着木材密度降低，其碳含量也会降低。这样森林受暴风雨的损害更多，树木吸收二氧化碳的效率降低，从而给人们造成巨大的损失。故选A。8答案与解析
32、：D主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“As global temperatures rise，trees around the world are experiencing longer growing seasons, sometimes as much as three extra weeks a year. All that time helps trees grow faster”和第三段中的“the study suggests that the higher temperaturescombined with pollution from car exhaust and farmsare
33、 making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable“可知，本文讲述的是气候变暖促进了树木的生长，但同时树木的密度降低，使树木更脆弱。故选D。.七选五【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些我们在日常生活中可以采取的简单易行的环保措施。这些措施看似微小，却会为应对气候变化贡献力量。1答案与解析：C上一句提到交通运输是温室气体排放物的主要来源之一。C项紧承上文，点明情况不一定非得那样，同时引出了下一句介绍的能帮助我们减少这类温室气体排放物的措施。2答案与解析：F该空对应的措施是减少消费。F项点明减少温室气体排放物的最简单的方法是少购物，符合本段的语境。3答案与解析：A该空是本段的小标题，本段主要建议我们有效利用能源，尽可能减少对能源的浪费，用更少的能源做更多的事，故用A项概括本段的主旨。4答案与解析：D上一句介绍了在生活中如何减少对能源的浪费，该空后则介绍了在办公室里如何减少对能源的浪费。D项恰好能用来承上启下。5答案与解析：E上一句提到亚马孙雨林及其他森林不仅仅是地球的肺。E项紧承上文，点出它们可能还是人类在短期内控制气候变化的希望。