1、Unit 3 Diverse Cultures单元加餐练.阅读理解In the age of Amazon and the Internet, the idea of going to a public library to borrow a book may seem ever more unusual and oldfashioned in many parts of the world, but one country, at least, is holding on it tightly: the Czech Republic. There are libraries everywhe
2、re you look in the country. There is one library for every 1,971 Czech citizensfour times as many, relative to population, as the average European country, and 10 times as many as the United States, which has one for every 19,583 people.Why so many Czech libraries? Well, for decades they were mandat
3、oryevery community, from a big city down to a tiny village, was required by law to have one. The law was enacted in 1919, soon after Czechoslovakia emerged as an independent country. The library law survived the German occupation and the breakup with Slovakia in the early 1990s. What it couldnt surv
4、ive was budget pressure. To save money, the requirement was dropped in 2001, when there were about 6,019 libraries in the country；since then, about 11 percent have been combined or closed.Now, the surviving Czech libraries are doing what they can to stay vibrant (生气勃勃的) and relevant. They serve as l
5、ocal meeting places, They organize reading clubs and art exhibits and offer computer literacy (读写) courses, and they welcome groups of schoolchildren and retirees during the day. But mostly, they do what 92 percent of Czechs still want them to go on doing: They lend books.这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了捷克数量惊人的图书馆以及拥有
6、如此多图书馆背后的原因，和后来由于资金短缺，大约11%的图书馆被合并或关闭。现在的捷克人最常去图书馆借书。1What is the first paragraph mainly about?AThe rise and fall of Czech libraries.BThe difficulties Czech libraries face.CThe transformation of library services in Czech.DThe amazing number of Czech libraries.答案：D解析：段落大意题。根据第一段最后一句There is one libra
7、ry for every 1,971 Czech citizensfour times as many, relative to population, as the average European country, and 10 times as many as the United States, which has one for every 19,583 people.(每1 971名捷克公民就拥有一座图书馆，是欧洲平均水平的4倍，是美国的10倍。美国每19 583人拥有一座图书馆。)可知第一段主要介绍捷克数量惊人的图书馆。故选D。2What does the underlined
8、word “mandatory” in Paragraph 2 mean?AEssential.BAvailable.CCompulsory. DParticular.答案：C解析：词义猜测题。根据下文every community, from a big city down to a tiny village, was required by law to have one.(法律要求每个社区，从大城市到小村庄，都必须有一个。)可知捷克图书馆是法律强制要求的，是强制性的，故画线部分单词意思为“强制的”。A.Essential.基本的；B.Available.可获得的；C.Compulsory
9、强制的；D.Particular.特别的；故选C。3Whats the reason for Czech libraries combination or close?AThe money shortage. BThe German occupation.CThe governments policy. DThe breakup with Slovakia.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句To save money, the requirement was dropped in 2001, when there were about 6,019 libraries in the c
10、ountry；since then, about 11 percent have been combined or closed.可知为了省钱，要求在2001年被降了下来，当时这个国家大约有6 019座图书馆；从那时起，大约11%被合并或关闭。即捷克图书馆合并或关闭的原因是资金短缺。故选A。4According to the text, people go to todays Czech libraries most often to _.Aadmire works of artBborrow booksCjoin reading clubsDlearn computer skills答案：B
11、解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句But mostly, they do what 92 percent of Czechs still want them to go on doing: They lend books.可知，大部分图书馆仍旧向外借书，因此推断现在的捷克人去图书馆很多的时候是借书。故选B。.七选五Parents often say that they dont mind what their children do in life just as long as they are happy. Happiness and pleasure are almost unive
12、rsally seen as among the most precious human goods. _1_Philosopher Jeremy Bentham believed that all sources of pleasure are of equal quality, but John Stuart Mill disagreed. Mill argued for a difference between higher and lower pleasure. _2_ Lower pleasure, in contrast, requires mere (仅仅的；纯粹的) sense
13、s.The entire debate assumes a clear divide between the physical and the mental. _3_ What will it mean for our ideas about pleasure?_4_ Food is usually considered to be the lower pleasure. All animals eat, using the senses of smell and taste. It doesnt require any complex cognition (认知) to conclude t
14、hat something is delicious. However, these people failed to appreciate something that the French food writer Jean Anthelme BrillatSavarin captured. That is, “Animals feed; man eats; only the man of intellect (才智) knows how to eat.”Eating shows that the difference between higher pleasure and lower pl
15、easure is not what you enjoy but how you enjoy it. _5_ Preparing it using the powers of reflection and attention turns it into a higher pleasure.AThe dining table is a good place to start.BWolfing down your food is a lower kind of pleasure.CWhats the real difference between high and low pleasure?DWh
16、at happens if the physical and the mental cannot be separated?EAll philosophers believed that cookery could never be a form of art.FHigher pleasure depends on human abilities such as selfawareness or language use.GHowever, disagreements will be caused about whether some forms of pleasure are better
17、than others.这是一篇说明文。幸福和快乐几乎被普遍认为是人类最宝贵的财富之一。然而，关于某些形式的快乐是否比其他形式的好，会产生分歧。1G解析：根据第二段第一句Philosopher Jeremy Bentham believed that all sources of pleasure are of equal quality, but John Stuart Mill disagreed.可知Jeremy Bentham认为所有快乐的来源都是平等的，但是John Stuart Mill不同意。可知关于某些形式的快乐是否比其他形式的好，存在分歧。故选G。2F解析：根据上文Mill
18、argued for a difference between higher and lower pleasure.(密尔认为快乐的高低是有区别的。)下文提到了lower pleasure，即可知本句应是说明了higher pleasure。故选F：更高的快乐取决于人类的能力，如自我意识或语言使用。3D解析：根据上文The entire debate assumes a clear divide between the physical and the mental.(整个辩论在生理和心理上有明显的分歧。)中physical and the mental可对应到D选项中the physical
19、 and the mental，句意：如果身体和精神不能分开会发生什么？故选D。4A解析：根据下文Food is usually considered to be the lower pleasure.可知提到了food，故可对应到A选项中的dining table。句意：餐桌就是一个分歧很明显的地方。故选A。5B解析：根据后文Preparing it using the powers of reflection and attention turns it into a higher pleasure.(用反思和专注的力量来准备它，会把它变成一种更高的乐趣。)可知上文应该描述低级趣味。B项，
20、狼吞虎咽是一种低级趣味。故选B。.完形填空Hunter Shamatt lost his wallet while he was on a flight from Omaha to Denver earlier this month. Upon realizing that his wallet was lost, he _1_ the airline to see if anyone had turned it inbut fruitlessly. _2_ the wallet contained his ID, a signed paycheck, $60 in cash , etc, h
21、e feared the worst.Two days after the flight, however, Hunter was _3_ to receive a package in the mail from an anonymous (匿名的) sender. Inside was his wallet_4_ an additional $40 in cash. “I rounded your cash up to an even $100 so you could celebrate the _5_ of your wallet.”， read a letter that was e
22、nclosed with the package.Hunters mother, Jeannie, posted a photo of the _6_ to social media in hopes that they would be able to track down the sender. All they had to go on was that the letter was _7_ from Applied Underwriters in Omaha and the senders initials were signed “T.B”. The sender was later
23、 _8_ as Todd Brown, who was delighted to “have a little fun” with helping out a hardworking stranger.“I saw he was just a kid, 20 years old. He had a paycheck in there, so I _9_， Well, hes doing his best to make ends meet. ” said Brown. “Hunter was very _10_. He told me he has some student loans to
24、pay within two days so the _11_ was right，” Brown added, “He _12_ it was gone forever. So when he opened it, he just started screaming, No way! No way！”Brown says that he often tries to do good things without any recognition; thats why he didnt sign his _13_ on the letter, but Jeannie later insisted
25、 on _14_ him on social media. Jeannie wrote on Facebook, “This story is more about rebuilding _15_ in people than anything.”这是一篇记叙文，主要讲是Hunter在机场丢了钱包，后意外收到匿名人士寄来的包裹，里面是他的钱包，还有40美元。后来通过网络找到了寄件人，这个故事让作者重建对人性的信心。1A.orderedBcontactedCcaughtDchecked答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他意识到他的钱包丢了时，他联系了航空公司，想看看是否有人把钱包交上去了但
26、是没有结果。A.ordered 预定；B.contacted联系；C.caught 抓住；D.checked检查。根据常识可知，他丢了钱包之后第一时间去联系航空公司，故选B项。2A.ThoughBWhile CSinceDUnless答案：C解析：考查状语从句连词辨析。句意：Hunter Shamatt 的钱包里有他的身份证、一张签了名的支票、60美元的现金等，他担心会发生最坏的情况。A.Though尽管；B.While当；C.Since 因为；D.Unless除非。根据语境可知，此处两句是因果关系，故选C项。3A.shockedBamused Canxious Dfrightened答案：A
27、解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，当亨特收到一个匿名寄件人寄来的包裹时，他感到很震惊。A.shocked震惊的；B.amused愉快的；C.anxious焦虑的；D.frightened吓坏的。根据语境可知，收到了一个匿名寄件人的包裹，亨特是非常震惊的，故选A项。4A.apart fromBexcept forCalong withDinstead of答案：C解析：考查词组辨析。句意：里面是他的钱包，另外还有40美元现金。A.apart from除了；B.except for除了；C.along with和一起；D.instead of代替。结合语境和下文可知，包裹中有亨特的钱包，另外还
28、有40美金，故选C项。5A.searchBcompletenessCvaluableDreturn答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把你的现金四舍五入到100美元，这样你就可以庆祝你的钱包回来了。A.search搜寻；B.completeness完全；C.valuable贵重物品；D.return返回。结合语境可知，此处意为“钱包的返还”，故选D项。6A.senderBletter CwalletDpackage答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：亨特的母亲珍妮把这封信的照片发到社交媒体上，希望他们能找到寄件人。A.sender寄件人；B.letter信件；C.wallet钱包；D.p
29、ackage包裹。根据句意，故选B项。7A.acceptedBsent CtakenDcollected答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这封信是由奥马哈的应用保险公司发出的，发信人的首字母缩写是“T.B.”。A.accepted接受；B.sent发送；C.taken带着；D.collected 收集。根据语境和下文可知，故选B项。8A.knownBconsideredCidentified Dintroduced答案：C解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：发送者后来被确认为是Todd Brown，他很高兴能“有一点搞笑地”帮助一位努力工作的陌生人。A.known认识；B.considered考
30、虑；C.identified辨认；D.introduced介绍。根据句意可知，be identified as意为“被认为是”，故选C项。9A.noticedBrepliedCdoubtedDfigured答案：D解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我看到他只是个孩子，20岁。他在那里有份薪水，所以我想好吧，他在尽自己最大努力使得收支平衡。”布朗说。A.noticed注意到；B.replied回复；C.doubted疑惑；D.figured 认为。根据语境可知，“Well, hes doing his best to make ends meet.”是Brown内心的考虑，故选D项。10A.tha
31、nkfulBstressfulCthoughtfulDregretful答案：A解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：亨特非常感激。A.thankful感激的；B.stressful有压力的；C.thoughtful深思的；D.regretful 遗憾的。根据语境可知，因为年轻人的善举，亨特肯定是很感激的，故选A项。11A.behaviorBnumberCtiming Dpaycheck答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，他有一些学生贷款要在两天内还清，所以时机是对的。A.behavior行为；B.number 号码；C.timing 时机；D.paycheck薪水。根据句意，故选C项。
32、12A.rememberedBassumedCadmitted Dimagined答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他以为它永远消失了。A.remembered 记住；B.assumed认为；C.admitted承认；D.imagined 想象。根据句意，故选B项。13A.addressBmarkCphone number Dfull name答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：布朗说，他经常试图做一些不需要任何赞美的好事；所以他没有在信上写全名。A.address地址；B.mark标志；C.phone number电话号码；D.full name全名。根据前文可知Brown并没有写自己
33、的全名在包裹上，故选D项。14A.questioningBpraisingCdisturbing Dsurprising答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：但珍妮后来坚持在社交媒体上称赞他。A.questioning 提问；B.praising表扬；C.disturbing打扰；D.surprising惊讶。故选B项。15A.faithBambitionCappreciationDstrength答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个故事最重要的是重建了人们的信心。A.faith信心；B.ambition雄心；C.appreciation欣赏；D.strength力量。根据语境可知，这个
34、故事最重要的是重建了人们的信心，故选A项。.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Recently I told my 7yearold grandson that I wouldnt get to see him for a week because I was going away on business. He knows I often travel, but the “business” part caught his attention.“Cant you write your articles at your house？” he asked. He kno
35、ws I write some articles each week. “Im not writing on this trip，” I said. “Im speaking; its part of my job.”For many years, my children knew me as simply their mother.In kindergarten (幼儿园), when asked to tell his class about his family, my oldest child said, “My dad teaches chemistry and coaches ba
36、sketball. And my mom drives us to his games.”My own mother worked as a waitress to put food on the table and secondhand shoes on our feet. I was proud of all she did, but I loved her most for being my mother.The best way to think of someone is never by their job description; its a celebration of the
37、 reasons why theyre loved and the ways they make the world a better place.My children lost their father to cancer when they were just becoming adults. They admired him greatly as a teacher and a coach. But they loved him most for simply being their dad.We are defined (界定) not only by our jobs, but a
38、lso how we treat people we work with and deal with along the way.Im thankful for my job. But Id like to be known to my family and friends and myself for the reasons that they love me and the ways I try to make their world a better place.Lately,_my_grandson_and_I_had_a_conversation_about_my_job.(要点1)_It_led_me_to_think_about_how_we_were_thought_of_by_others._I_thought_about_the_roles_of_myself,_my_mother_and_my_husband.(要点2)_In_my_opinion,_we_shouldnt_just_be_defined_by_the_jobs_we_do_every_day,_but_by_the_ways_we_love_and_treat_others.(要点3)
