1、【2015高考复习】阅读理解Commuters (上下班往返的人) who drive to work will face a parking charge of up to 350 a year.Ministers are backing a workplace parking charge which will come into force in Nottingham in 2013 and is likely to be adopted across the country.The scheme will see firms with more than ten parking pla
2、ces for staff charged 350 a year for each space in two years.Employers would be free to pass on the charge to their staffmeaning it would effectively be a tax on driving to work.The scheme aims to reduce traffic by preventing unnecessary car journeys and raise funds to improve public transport，but c
3、ritics say it is just an excuse for councils to fill their coffers (金库)Some ten million Britons drive to work each day，and the British Chambers of Commerce says the new charge could total 3.4 billion a year if rolled out nationwide.Already some firms in Nottingham have threatened to leave the city，w
4、here 40,000 commuters use their cars to get to work.A spokesman said the scheme was nothing more than a tax on jobs.“It is very unfair to discriminate against those employers who have parking spaces，which get vehicles off the streets，” he said.“And these charges apply around the clock，which is espec
5、ially unfair on shift workers who rely on their cars because public transport is not available.This is more about increasing the governments income than reducing traffic.”However，Transport Minister Sadiq Khan gave the plan an official approval during a visit to Nottingham.The council says the tax wi
6、ll raise as much as 100 million over ten yearsone fifth of the cost of a new transport system for the city.Another transport spokesman Theresa Villiers said the tax would have a devastating impact on businesses struggling to cope with the economic decline.But Richard Hebditch of the Campaign for Bet
7、ter Transport said the tax would raise money to invest in better transport.“We put forward the idea of workplace parking taxes as a fairer way to raise money to invest in the future local transport services.We are pleased that the people of Nottingham will be the first to benefit.”【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了Notti
8、ngham将出台政策对工作场所停车收费及由此引发的激烈讨论。1Supporters argue that the scheme_.Acan help improve the parking conditions for the staffBshould be applied to ail commuters driving to workCis certain to be carried out despite the objectionsDwill relieve traffic pressure and improve public transport解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The
9、 scheme aims to reduce traffic by preventing unnecessary car journeys and raise funds to improve public transport，but critics say it is just an excuse for councils to fill their coffers (金库)”可知，支持者认为这个方案能够缓解交通压力，改善公共交通。答案D2According to the objectors，the scheme is unfair for_.Athe firms with parking
10、lotsBthe workforce without carsCthe employees parking their cars on the streetsDthe staff driving to work in the daytime解析细节理解题。根据第四段的第三句可知，A项正确。答案A3Which word can best describe Theresa Villierss attitude towards the scheme?ANeutral.BNegative.CUnderstanding.DPositive.解析态度推断题。根据第六段内容可知，Theresa Villie
11、rs对这个方案持否定态度。答案B4It can be inferred from the passage that_.Amany firms are willing to pay the charges for their staffBthe public transport in Nottingham is in great need of improvementCthe author believes Britons will benefit from the schemeDthose firms with more commuters will leave Nottingham解析推理判
12、断题。根据倒数第三段中的“The council says the tax will raise as much as 100 million over ten yearsone fifth of the cost of a new transport system for the city.”以及最后一段内容可推知，Nottingham的公共交通急需改善。答案B阅读理解。Sports is not only physically challenging, but it can also mentally challengingCriticism（批评）from coaches（trainer
13、s）, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletesStress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has showed that it can lead to burnoutBurnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at o
14、ne time enjoyableThe early years of development are critical years for learning about oneselfThe sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take placeYoung athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout
15、their livesCoaches and parents should be aware（realize）, at all times, that their feedback（反馈）to youngsters can greatly affect their childrenYoungsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw（缺陷） in themselvesCoaches and parents should also be cautious（careful） that yo
16、uth sport participation does not become work for childrenThe outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessonsIn todays youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the spor
17、tFollowing a game, many parents and coaches focus on（pay more attention to） the outcome and find fault with youngsters performancesPositive reinforcement should be provided in spite of the outcomeResearch shows that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism
18、Again, criticism can create high levels of stress（pressure）, which can lead to burnout1According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that _Ait can help them learn more about societyBit teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselvesCit enables them to find flaws in themselves
19、Dit can provide them with valuable experiences2According to the passage parents and coaches should _Ahelp children to win every gameBpay more attention to letting children enjoy sportsCenable children to understand the positive aspect of sportsDtrain children to deal with stress3The authors purpose
20、in writing the passage is _Ato persuade young children not to worry about criticismBto emphasize the importance of positive reinforcement to childrenCto discuss the skill of combing criticism with encouragementDto teach young athletes how to avoid burnout【参考答案】13、DBB 阅读理解-BWhen a couple decides to m
21、arry, they naturally inform both sets of parents and stepparents before having a party planned or telling all their friendsThe days are long gone of the man going trembling to the girls father and saying, “ Sir, may I have the honor of having the hand of your daughter in marriage?” However, a wise c
22、ouple always discuss their plans for marriage with their respective families, and a young man often suggests a “financial talk” with his future father-in-law before the latter is faced with the embarrassment of asking for oneEven if a young woman has supported herself and lives away from home, her p
23、arents have the right to know how her fianc proposes to handle the long-range financing of their family and homeThe fianc should state his income, his savings, and his failure expectations, without overstating any of themEngagement parties are given by the parents of the bride-to-be or by a relative
24、 of the bride acting for her parents, usually just before the newspaper announcement of the engagementIf the bride-to-be and her fianc live in a city other than her parents, it is better for her parents to go to the city than her to go home to them for the engagement partyShe and her fianc will, aft
25、er all, be partied in her parents hometown during the wedding festivitiesHowever, if the family home is not far away, it is proper for the engaged couple to travel there for the announcement partyThe young mans family should be invited, tooIf the brides parents are no longer living, then a relative
26、or a close friend can give the partyIt is usually a simple cocktails party, champagne served for toasts to the engaged coupleIf the party is very large, the engaged couple and the girls parents might form a receiving line- but they do not have toThe bride-to-be usually wears her engagement ring offi
27、cially for the first time on this occasionIf she has a gift for the groom-to-be, she gives it to him right before or after the engagement partyFor Americans, the traditional engagement ring is a diamond solitaire （单粒宝石）However, today anything goes- a ring with many colored stones, a ring with a larg
28、e semiprecious stone, an heirloom （传家宝） ring reset in a modern design, or even a stone in the brides family, simply reset in a Tiffany settingThe wedding ring will be of the same metal as the engagement ringSome girls prefer no engagement ring but choose a wedding band that is decorated with stones
29、insteadNo one has to have an engagement ringA girl may want her fianc to give her a pearl necklace instead, or a jeweled watchJeweled rings can be given as gifts on many occasions during the married lives- such as wedding anniversaries, the birth of a child, or an important job promotion4According t
30、o the first paragraph, young men _Amust tell all their friends before planning a partyBused to feel afraid of going to meet their girl friends parentsCmust promise that their family could support themDmust guarantee they live away from home already5The underlined word “one” in the first paragraph mo
31、st probably means _Aa marriage Ba plan C a financial talkDan embarrassment6Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?AThe bride-to-be and her fianc will have to wait in line with both of their parentsBIf the girls parents are dead, a relative or a close friend gives a party on thei
32、r behalfCThe engagement party is usually given before the newspaper announcementDIts no longer necessary to give a diamond solitaire as the engagement ring7We can infer from the last paragraph that _Aa young man can give his wife a jeweled watch on the birthday of their childBthe heirloom must be re
33、set in a modern designCthe engagement ring and the wedding ring are differentDsome girls dont mind what they are given for the engagement【参考答案】47、BCAD 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。The term “underemployment” has three related meanings. In one sense, it refers to a situation in which someone w
34、ith excellent job qualifications (资格) is working in a position that requires less qualifications, as for instance in the case of a lawyer driving a school bus. In the second sense, it means working part-time when one would prefer to be working full-time. In the third sense, it is a form of overstaff
35、ing (人浮于事) in which employees are not being fully made use of. All forms of underemployment have effect on the economy and the health of the business community. Long-term underemployment can also cover up the truth behind the employment situations. When nations collect employment statistics, they us
36、ually come up with a base number of “unemployed” individuals, using that number to judge the health of the job market. This number does not include part-time workers looking for full-time jobs, as they are considered employed, and it also doesnt reflect workers who are underpaid, considering their q
37、ualifications. In the first sense, underemployment is a common problem in many of the developed world. Many people with college degrees are working in low-level or service industry jobs because the job market is full. The issue of part-time employment is also very serious. Some people are forced int
38、o part-time jobs, while others find themselves taking a part-time job because nothing else is available, even though they really need to work full-time. This problem is especially common in areas with seasonal employment, where employers find it cheaper to maintain and lay off part-time staffs, rath
39、er than keeping a full staff at all times. In the sense of shortage of workers, underemployment appears in a variety of situations. Some companies maintain a full staff to be prepared for seasonal work, or to keep well-trained, qualified workers so that they will be available when needed. Labor laws
40、 and union pressures may also prevent a company from cutting down on staff or working hours, leading to a situation in which people report to work, but have nothing to do. 1. The purpose of the passage is. A. to show underemployment is becoming more serious todayB. to imply women are laid off more t
41、han menC. to explain the meaning of “underemployment”D. to tell the present economic situations2. According to the text, underemployment means. A. the same meaning as the wordunemployedB. employees are not fully taken charged ofC. qualified workers get a low salaryD. people who do manual work for wa
42、ges3. When it comes to unemployment statistics, . A. the underpaid workers are includedB. it implies the people who are jobless C. the part-time employees are included D. it shows the employment situation of a country4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE to the 4th and 5th paragraph? A. Underemploym
43、ent only occurs in advanced countries. B. People with college degrees sometimes take a part-time job. C. Part-time staffs seems benefit from firms less. D. Companies need full-time staffs indeed. 5. Some companies maintain a full staff. A. to compete with others in the future B. to make preparations for seasonal workC. to get the skilled workers paid D. to obey labor laws and union pressures【参考答案】15、CBBAB