1、阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Wilderness“In wilderness (荒野) is the preservation of the world. ” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to pla
2、ce wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouche
3、d is strong, and the danger exploitation (开发) brings to such landscapes (景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans needthe rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr. Sauven, these “ecosystem services”far outweigh the gains from exploitation.Lee
4、 Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more
5、 people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped witho
6、ut reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participa
7、nts. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but
8、 also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.1. John Sauven holds that.A. many people value nature too muchB. exploitation of wildernesses is harmfulC. wildernesses provide humans with necessitiesD.
9、 the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong2. What is the main idea of Para. 3?A. The exploitation is necessary for the poor people.B. Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.C. Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.D. All the characterist
10、ics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.3. What is the authors attitude towards this debate?A. Objective.B. Disapproving.C. Sceptical.D. Optimistic.4. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub- point(次要点)C: Conclusion【参考答案】14、BCAD
11、请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。【2013界广东省汕头市质量测评试题】AMy grandparents actively practiced simplicity. They both grew up in very large families and lived through the Great Depression. Saving for a rainy day and avoiding superfluous consuming was their life philosophy. Rather than seeking fulfillm
12、ent through material items, they chose to spend really simple life together, with family and in nature.Over the years my grandparents noticed dramatic changes in their community. Every year more farmland was destroyed to build larger and larger homes. As real estate prices rose, many of their neighb
13、ors sold their little homes and land. Soon theirs were the only small house on the block, surrounded by a sea of mansions. My grandparents built and lived m a small 600-square-foot cottage for most of their adult lives. Lots of family members encouraged my grandparents to expand their little old hou
14、se. But they didnt want a bigger place. They loved their little house and were content with what they had.My grandparents avoided consumptive(浪费的）lifestyle by painting and repairing the house themselves. They lived in a small home, but had a huge garden. They loved gardening and planting because it
15、reduced their grocery bill, improved their health, and gave them an excuse to be outside. They also reused and recycled everything. For instance, they had driven the same car for over 15 years and didnt buy a new one until the old Chevrolet was worn out.Through their example I learned an important l
16、esson: It is possible to live a simple and fulfilling life. My grandparents taught me that living a simple life isnt about self-deprivation. Instead, its about giving yourself the time, freedom, and money to pursue your dreams. Becoming debt free, downsizing to a smaller home, and going car-lite(减少用
17、车频率）are a few ways to take control of your life and start pursuing your dreams.26.The underlined word superfluous in Paragraph I is closest in meaning to _.A. meaningful B. unnecessary C. increasingD. troublesome【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。A。有意义的；B。不必要的，多余的；C。渐增的；D。麻烦的，令人苦恼的。由“My grandparents avoided consumptive
18、(浪费的）lifestyle”可知他们避免不必要的消费。故选B。27.The communitys changes include all the following EXCEPT that _A.the people built more farmlandB.the neighbors sold their housesC.the houses became more expensiveD.many mansions were built there【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由“Every year more farmland was destroyed to build larger
19、and larger homes.”可知社区的改变不包括建造更多的农田。故选A。28.The authors grandparents didnt expand their house because _.A.they didnt accept the family members1 adviceB.their house were really new and large enoughC.they were satisfied with the house they lived inD.they were too old to do any house-building job【答案】C【解
20、析】细节理解题。由“They loved their little house and were content with what they had.”可知原因是他们对自己住的房子很满意。故选C。29.Which of the following is a consumptive lifestyle in the grandparents ，opinion?A.Repairing the house themselves. B. Planting vegetables in the garden.C.Reusing and recycling things.D. Changing cars
21、in a short time.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。由“For instance, they had driven the same car for over 15 years and didnt buy a new one until the old Chevrolet was worn out.”可知他们认为在短时间内换车是浪费的。30.The author thinks his grandparents, lifestyle is _.A.unacceptableB. approvable C. unreasonable D. understandable【答案】B【解析】细节
22、理解题。A。不能接受的；B。可赞同的；C。不合理的，不切实际的；D。可以理解的。由“My grandparents taught me that living a simple life isnt about self-deprivation. Instead, its about giving yourself the time, freedom, and money to pursue your dreams.”可知选B。Passage Twenty-one (The Result of the Falling US Dollar) Like a ticking time bomb, th
23、e falling dollar has grabbed the attention of Japan and West Germany, forcing them to consider adopting economic polices the United States advocates. The U.S. government wants the dollar to fall because as the dollar declines in value against the yen and Deutsche mark, U.S. good becomes cheaper. U.S
24、. companies then sell more at home and abroad, and U.S. trade deficit declines. Cries for trade protection abate, and the global free-trade system is preserved. Then, the cheaper dollar makes it cheaper for many foreign investors to snap up U.S. stocks. That prompts heavy buying from abroadespeciall
25、y from Japan. Also, if the trade picture is improving, that means U.S. companies eventually will be more competitive. Consequently, many investors are buying shares of export-oriented U.S. companies in anticipation of better profits in the next year or so. But that is a rather faddish notion right n
26、ow; if corporate earnings are disappointing in interest rates, the stock market rally could stall. Improving U.S. competitiveness means a decline in anothers competitiveness. Japan and West Germany are verging on recession. Their export-oriented economies are facing major problems. Japan is worried
27、about the damage the strong yen will do to Japanese trade. West Germany is also worried. Share prices in Frankfurt plummeted this past week. Bonn is thought to be considering a cut in interest rates to boost its economy. Could the falling dollar get out of hand? If the dollar falls too far, investor
28、s might lose confidence in U.S. investmentsespecially the government bond market. The money to finance the federal budget and trade deficits could migrate elsewhere. Inflation could flare up, too, since Japanese and German manufacturers will eventually pass along price hikesand U.S. companies might
29、follow suit to increase their profit margins. The U.S. federal Reserve then might need to step in and stabilize the dollar by raising interest rates. And higher interest rates could cause the U.S. economy to slow down and end the Wall Street Rally.Worried about these side effects, Federal Reserve ch
30、airman Paul Volcher has said the dollar has fallen far enough. What is the equilibrium level? Probably near where it is or slightly lower. It all depends on when the U.S. trade deficit turns around or if investors defect from U.S. Treasury Bonds. “It requires a good deal of political patience on the
31、 part of the U.S. Congress,” says Dr. Cline, “And there must be an expectation of patience on the part of private investors. The chance are relatively good that we will avoid an investor break or panic.”1. What is the main idea of this passage?A. The impression of the falling U.S. dollar. The result
32、 of the U.S. falling dollar.C. The side effect of U.S. falling dollar.D. Japan and West Germany are worried about U.S. falling dollar.2. What does the word “rally” mean.A. prosperity. . decline. C. richness. D. import.3. Why are Japan and West Germany worried about the falling dollar?A. Because the
33、falling dollar may cause inflation in their countries. Because it may force them to sell a lot of U.S, stocks.C. Because it may do damage to their trade.D. Because it may make Japanese company less competitive.4. If dollar-falling got out of hand, and the U.S. Federal Reserve might step in , what wo
34、uld happen?A. The prosperity of the U.S. economy would disappear. The U.S. economy might face serious problems.C. Investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments.D.Inflation could flare up.Vocabulary1. ticking 滴答作响的2. grab 抓住3. abate 减弱4. snap up 争购，抢购5. heavy buying 大量买进6. export-oriented 以出口为方
35、向的7. in anticipation of 期待，预期8. faddish 一时流行的9. spree 无节制的疯狂行为10. buying spree 狂购乱买11. plummet 垂直落下，骤然跌落，暴跌12. stall 停滞13. verge 处于边缘14. verging on recession 正处于衰退的边缘15. boost 振兴，吹捧16. bond market 债券市场17. flare up 突然闪耀，发火，爆发18. hike 提高，增加19. follow suit 照着做，跟出同花色的牌20. profit margin 利润幅度21. step in 介
36、入22. rally 繁荣23. equilibrium 平衡，均势24. defect 逃跑，开小差25. break or panic 崩溃或大恐慌难句译注1. cries for trade protection 贸易保护的呼声2. the global free-trade system 全球自由贸易体系3. that is a rather faddish notion right now 只是一时流行的概念4. get out of hand 失控5. What is the equilibrium level? Probably near where it is or sligh
37、tly lower. 什么是平衡水平？可能是接近现在水平或者稍低一些。6. trade deficit 贸易赤字，贸易逆差。写作方法与文章大意这是一篇论述“美元下跌的后果”的文章，采用对比，顺序，因果等写作。先提出问题：美元下跌，美国得利有二：一是（第一段）商品便宜，销售量大，赤字下降，全球自由贸易体系保住。二是（第二段）外国投资者会抢购美国股票。总之，美国竞争力加强。这两段中都有对比。第一段美国和日本的对比，开头“就像滴答作响的定时炸弹，日见下跌的美元抓住了日本和西德的注意力，迫使他们考虑采取美国提出的经济政策。“第二段是美国本身之利弊对比。“许多外国投资者抢购出口导向的美国股票，期望在下一
38、年左右的时间里得到较多的利润。如果公司收益在今后几个季度里令人失望的话，这种买进古片的狂热行为就可能消失。最后，如果美元价格直线下跌导致利率上升，股票市场价格回升就会停顿。“ 后面两段是这两段负效应的进一步论证。答案祥解1. B. 美元下跌的结果。全篇文章都讲的美元下跌的后果。A. 美元下跌的印象。 C. 美元下跌的副作用，均不对。 因为还讲述了有利的一面。 D. 日本的、西德担忧美元下跌，这只是其中的部分内容。2. A. 繁荣。第五段“美元下跌是否会失控：如果美元下跌过多，投资者可能会失去对美国投资的信心，特别是对美国的债务市场。对联邦政府预算和贸易赤字提供的资金可能移向其它市场，因为日本和
39、西德厂商最终会将上涨的价格转嫁出去，美国公司也可能这么做，以提高其市场利润幅度，从而使通货膨胀再次爆发。美国联邦储备委员会这时可能需要介入，提高利率来稳定美元。而较高利率会导致美国经济减慢，华尔街的繁荣行将结束。”B. 衰退。 C. 富有。 D. 出口，都不是rally之含义。3. C. 因为下跌对他们贸易有损害。第三段“改善美国竞争力意味着其他国家的竞争力下降。”第四段，“日本和西德正濒于经济衰退的边缘。其出口导向的经济正在面临严重问题。日本担心由于日元坚挺而给其贸易带来损害，西德也在发愁。上个星期，法兰克福股市价格暴跌。据说，波恩已在考虑降低利率以振兴其经济。A. 美元下跌会使他们国家通货膨胀。没有正式提到, 内涵只是贸易带来的其他具体问题。 B. 它可能迫使他们卖掉许多美国股票。 D. 这可能使日本竞争力下降。问题是提出两国，不单单是日本。4. A. 美国经济繁荣消失，见第2题答案A的注释。B. 美国经济可能面临严重问题。太笼统。 C. 投资者可能对在美国投资失去信心。这不是美国联邦储备委员会介入后发生之事。 D. 通货膨胀全面爆发。这也是介入之后果。