1、课时素养评价七Unit 3Starting out & Understanding ideas. 单句语法填空1. Happiness doesnt depend on who you are or what you have; it only depends on what you think of your life. 2. The police shot (shoot) at the criminal but he escaped. 3. Its fashionable but wearable(wear), and its easy to look after. 4. They sug
2、gested that she (should)make(make) a working plan ahead of time. 5. Online education gives students enough flexibility (flexible). 6. He is always ready to help others, desiring (desire) nothing. 7. Additional (addition) courses may be taken if desired. 8. Kids dont understand how technology can be
3、applied to careers in addition to computing (compute). 9. The course is suitable for beginners and advanced(advance) students. 10. The strong desire to become(become) a famous movie star encourages her to practice harder. . 选词填空start with, in terms of, used to, lead to, be capable of, in addition, n
4、o doubt1. It is often a good idea to start with smaller, easily achievable goals. 2. As the saying goes, all roads lead to Rome. 3. In terms of population, China is the largest country in the world. 4. A witch is someone who is capable of magic. 5. We used to be badly off, but now we are well off. 6
5、. American children eat too many snacks between meals. In addition, they drink too many sugary drinks. 7. There is no doubt that the measures China took at the beginning of the epidemic were very effective. . 完成句子1. I desire you to join our club, as it is a great way to keep fit and a good chance to
6、 relax ourselves. 我希望你能加入我们的俱乐部, 因为这是保持健康的好方法, 并且让我们有机会放松我们自己。2. One of the things Ive learned is that you never say never. 我学到的事情之一就是你别轻易说绝不。3. Where was it that the road accident happened yesterday?昨天的交通事故到底是在哪里发生的?4. What impressed us most was her bright smile. 给我们印象最深的是她灿烂的微笑。5. George Orwell, w
7、hose real name was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. 乔治奥威尔, 本名艾瑞克亚瑟, 写过许多政治小说和散文。. 阅读理解AA woman is swimming at night in a dark sea. Suddenly, she is pulled underwater. She surfaces, cries in terror, then disappears forever. This is the opening scene from the 1975 film Jaws. This f
8、ilm was a great hit, but it made things worse. Jaws made people frightened of sharks, especially of the great white shark. Some stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film. Others started fishing for sharks, killing as many as they could. At that time, nobody cared if
9、sharks were killed, or how many were killed. People just wanted them killed. After 1975, the number of large sharks fell quickly around the world. This was not only due to fear of sharks, but also finning, a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off. Unexpectedly, finning would
10、have a powerful effect upon Peter Benchley, who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on. One day in 1980, Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight. He saw fishermen finning and sharks being killed, which caused a deep change in him. From then on, he saw people as a danger to sharks,
11、rather than the other way round. Also, he admitted that his book was wrong about sharks behavior. “Sharks dont target(以为目标)humans, ”he said. Experts have proved that sharks do not see people as food, and they attack us by mistake. Only around six people are killed by sharks every year. Today, as we
12、learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from extinction. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章描述了由于人类对鲨鱼的误解而导致鲨鱼被大量捕杀并接近灭亡。不过现在人类已经采取措施保护鲨鱼。1. The film Jaws led to_. A. an end of shark fishingB. a rise in shark populationC. the popularity of shark moviesD. peoples scare about sharks【解析】选D。细节理
13、解题。根据文章第二段Jaws made people frightened of sharks, especially of the great white shark(大白鲨使人们害怕鲨鱼, 尤其是大白鲨)可知, 因为看了Jaws, 很多人对鲨鱼产生误解而害怕鲨鱼。故选D项。2. How did the sight of finning affect Peter Benchley?A. It woke him up to his false idea of sharks. B. It inspired him to do research about sharks. C. It drove
14、him to learn how to protect sharks. D. It encouraged him not to be afraid of sharks. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第四段From then on, he saw people as a danger to sharks, rather than the other way round. Also, he admitted that his book was wrong about sharks behavior. (从那时起, 他就把人看成是鲨鱼的威胁, 而不是鲨鱼威胁到人。同时, 他承认他的书中关于鲨鱼
15、行为的描述是错误的。)可知, Peter Benchley发现他对鲨鱼有误解。故选A项。3. What is the best title for the text?A. Sharks: Dangerous or EndangeredB. Jaws: the Hottest Shark Movie EverC. Shark Attacks: Not a Problem AnymoreD. Humans: the Favourite Target of Sharks【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据对文章的整体分析可知, 作者在文章第一和第二段通过借助电影Jaws的细节描述, 得知人们误解鲨鱼很恐怖
16、。接着在第三段根据After 1975, the number of large sharks fell quickly around the world. (1975年以后, 世界各地的大型鲨鱼数量迅速减少。)可知, 鲨鱼受到了大量的捕杀。再根据文章最后一段Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from extinction. (今天, 随着我们对鲨鱼了解得越来越多, 想要保护它们免遭灭绝的人比以往任何时候都多。)可知, 因为大量的捕杀导致鲨鱼接近灭绝, 现在人类也开始
17、意识到了这一点, 开始采取措施保护鲨鱼。所以短文的最佳标题是鲨鱼: 危险的还是濒危的。故选A项。BAlexa is a form of artificial intelligence, or AI for short. Many people start their mornings by asking Alexa for the weather forecast or the latest news. A device (设备) that houses Alexa can also play music from your favorite playlists, keep a shoppin
18、g list, order takeout food, answer questions, send messages and even run “smart” home controls. Training AI systems to respond to problems with human-like intelligence and learn from their mistakes can take months, or even years. Consider Alexa and similar software, such as Apples Siri. To do the ta
19、sks its human owners ask, these systems must make sense of and then respond to sentences such as, “Alexa, play my Ed Sheeran playlist” or “Siri, what is the capital of India?”Computers cant understand language as it is spoken by people. So AI researchers must find a way to help humans communicate wi
20、th computers. The technology used to get computers to “understand” human speech or text is known as natural language processing. By natural language, computer scientists refer to the way people naturally talk or write. To teach an AI system a task like comprehending (理解) a sentence or responding to
21、a persons last move in a board game, scientists need to feed it lots of examples. AlphaGo is an AI system designed by Google that has beaten a human champion, Lee Sedol, at the strategy (策略) board game Go. To train AlphaGo, Google had to show it 30 million Go moves that people had made while playing
22、 the game. Then AlphaGo used what it learned to analyze those plays as it played against different versions (版本) of itself. During this practice, the program came up with new movesones never seen in games between people. 【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文, 文章介绍了AI可以在我们的生活中发挥很重要的作用, 同时还介绍了科学家对AI技术的研究和探索。4. What does t
23、he example of Alexa show?A. AI may replace humans one day. B. AI is playing a role in our modern life. C. AI has been widely used around the world. D. AI has totally changed peoples bad habits. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句A device that houses Alexa can also play music from your favorite playlists, keep a
24、shopping list, order takeout food, answer questions, send messages and even run “smart” home controls. 可知, 这些运用Alexa的例子主要是为了告诉我们AI在我们的现代生活中起着很重要的作用。5. How do scientists train AI systems?A. By testing them thousands of times. B. By teaching them almost everything. C. By giving them quite a lot of tas
25、ks to do. D. By providing them with large amounts of data. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句To teach an AI system a task like comprehending a sentence or responding to a persons last move in a board game, scientists need to feed it lots of examples. 可知, 研究人员给AI系统很多例子, 也就是说科学家给AI系统提供很多的数据。6. What can we learn a
26、bout AlphaGo?A. It has become very skillful and intelligent. B. It is the most convenient AI system. C. It avoids making any mistakes. D. It just follows human orders. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句AlphaGo is an AI system designed by Google that has beaten a human champion, Lee Sedol, at the strategy board
27、game Go. 可知, AlphaGo在围棋棋艺上很出色, 甚至击败了世界冠军李世石, 说明它棋艺纯熟, 特别聪明。. 阅读填句Nowadays along with the booming of computer science, computers are widely used here and there. People even can find computers in most classrooms. While teachers remain more or less the same, computers are doubling in speed and capabili
28、ty every four years. 1As far as I am concerned, teachers still play a major role and are still of great importance. 2 However advanced they may be, computers are nothing more than human inventions programmed to perform certain tasks. They are unable to deal with students with different background. N
29、eedless to say, a classroom is a place where individual attention and creativity matter most. Therefore, computers are no better than other tools used by teachers and couldnt possibly make the roles played by them weaker. In terms of accuracy and the amount of information, computers outshine humans.
30、 3 Indeed, a good teacher organizes and inspires the students. Besides, the interaction between students and teachers is vital for the learning. According to most education authorities, real learning occurs during the discussion and sharing of ideas with ones teacher and classmates. Moreover, a teac
31、her is there to monitor every slight change in students attitude, to respond to and encourage them whenever they show signs of frustration and impatience. 4Despite the increasing presence of computers inside classrooms, teachers are just as essential, if not more so, as instructors were in the past.
32、 5A. Its time that teachers should develop themselves. B. Without this kind of interaction, education is unimaginable. C. Advanced as computers may be, some teachers are less impatient. D. But to make a good teacher means far more than being an encyclopedia (百科全书). E. People cant help wondering whet
33、her teachers are as important as they once were. F. Some drawbacks make it impossible for computers to replace teachers in classrooms. G. It is well known that computers are better at repetitive work but incapable of creative thinking. 【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。随着计算机科学的蓬勃发展, 计算机在国内外得到了广泛的应用。人们甚至可以在大多数教室里找到电脑。虽然
34、教师几乎保持不变, 但计算机的速度和能力每四年翻一番。人们不禁想知道教师是否和以前一样重要。就作者而言, 教师仍然扮演着主要的角色, 而且仍然很重要。1. 【解析】选E。由第一段“ While teachers remain more or less the same, computers are doubling in speed and capability every four years. _ As far as I am concerned, teachers still play a major role and are still of great importance. ”可知
35、, 虽然教师几乎保持不变, 但计算机的速度和能力每四年翻一番。_就我而言, 教师仍然扮演着主要的角色, 而且仍然很重要。所以小题1在句中起着承上启下的作用。故E选项“人们不禁想知道教师是否和以前一样重要”符合语境。故E选项切题。2. 【解析】选G。由第二段“However advanced they may be, computers are nothing more than human inventions programmed to perform certain tasks. ”可知, 无论计算机多么先进, 它们不过是为完成某些任务而被设计的人类发明。所以小题2与后一句为承接关系, 来
36、说明计算机不可能超越人类的思维, 它们不过是为完成某些任务而被设计的人类发明。故G选项“众所周知, 计算机更擅长重复工作, 但不具备创造性思维能力”符合语境。故G选项切题。3. 【解析】选D。由第四段“In terms of accuracy and the amount of information, computers outshine humans. ”可知, 在准确性和信息量方面, 计算机比人类做得好。所以小题3要与前句构成转折关系, 以此来引出下一句。故D选项“但要成为一名好教师, 远不止是一本百科全书”符合语境。故D选项切题。4. 【解析】选B。由第五段“ Moreover, a
37、teacher is there to monitor every slight change in students attitude, to respond to and encourage them whenever they show signs of frustration and impatience. ”可知, 此外, 教师还负责监督学生态度的每一个细微变化, 每当他们表现出沮丧和不耐烦的迹象时, 就对他们做出回应和鼓励。所以小题4对比性地说明没有这种互动, 教育是不可想象的。故B选项切题。5. 【解析】选F。由最后一段“Despite the increasing presen
38、ce of computers inside classrooms, teachers are just as essential, if not more so, as instructors were in the past. ”可知, 尽管教室里的电脑越来越多, 但教师和过去的教师一样重要, 甚至更重要。所以小题5要总结性地表明自己的观点, 即有些缺点使计算机无法取代教室里的教师。故F选项切题。. 完形填空The team I work in just had 2 new interns(实习生), and I happen to be their supervisor. After t
39、odays lunch break, I saw that one of them was reading things on her smart phone, maybe on some social network, I 1 . I went to her and said, “Theres another document here 2 translation. Do you have time to finish it for me?” That document was not in her 3 workloads. But I thought I could let her 4 h
40、erself a little bit with it, seeing that she seemed to have5. “Yes, I do have time. ” She said, “but Im just an intern. ” I didnt quite know6to say back then. After a while I mumbled, “Right. Yes. ” And I turned around and left. I7 the time when I was an intern for the first time. I, too, managed to
41、 finish my workload so fast, just like her. So, I asked my supervisor “Is there 8 else that I can help?” And she happened to have a plan to make. But she didnt have time. So she let me do the research and make a draft for her. I was not very familiar with the job 9still tried to carry it out based o
42、n my understanding and make it as 10 as possible. And my supervisor was really satisfied with the 11. Later, she told me “You 12 me a lot of time. I didnt need to create it from start. ” And she told me 13 how I should have done the plan differently. I learned a lot about the operation in the proces
43、s. After that, she came to trust me completely. I got my current job all because of her recommendation. Yes, I was just an intern with a low salary, but I14a better future with my extra labor. Time passing, I got it that theres a kind of 15called short-sightedness. 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的公司来了两名实习生,
44、 正好由作者主管, 作者见其中有一名实习生有时间, 想让她帮忙翻译一份文件却遭到拒绝, 由此作者联想到自己做实习生的经历并且产生了一些感想。1. A. askedB. acquiredC. guessedD. guaranteed【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 今天午休后, 我看到其中一个实习生正在用她的智能手机看东西, 我猜可能是在用社交网络。 asked问;acquired获得;guessed猜想;guaranteed保证。由此可以看出, 作者只是看到这名实习生在用手机看东西, 但是作者确实不确定, 所以只能是猜想, 故选C。2. A. askingB. waiting C. pr
45、oviding D. needing【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 这里还有一份文件需要翻译, 你有时间帮我完成吗? asking问;waiting等待;providing提供;needing 需要。根据句意, 作者让实习生翻译文件, 所以只能是文件需要翻译。故选D。3. A. allowedB. assignedC. achievedD. accused【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 这份文件不在她需要完成的工作量中。allowed允许的;assigned 分配的;achieved完成的;accused被控告的。由此可知, 实习生实习有自己的工作量, 而作者给她的这份文件不
46、是她需要完成的工作量, 故选B。4. A. challengeB. competeC. complainD. contribute【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 但我想我可以让她用它来挑战自己。challenge挑战;compete竞赛;complain抱怨;contribute贡献。根据句意可知, 这份文件不是她需要完成的工作量, 所以作者让她帮忙翻译是挑战她自己。故选A。5. A. ideaB. abilityC. timeD. task【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。idea想法;ability能力;time时间;task任务。根据上文的reading things on her
47、 smart phone 可知, 这名实习生正在看手机, 所以看起来有时间可以完成这份文件, 故选C。6. A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where【解析】选A。考查疑问词辨析。句意: 她说: “但我只是个实习生。”那时我不知道该说什么来回她。根据句意, 实习生有时间, 但却不愿意翻译这份文件, 说她只是实习生, 我听到这句话后不知道该用什么样的话来回应她的回答。故选A。7. A. forgotB. foresawC. remindedD. recalled【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我回忆起我第一次实习的时候。forgot忘记;foresaw 预见;remin
48、ded提醒;recalled 回想起。上文的but Im just an intern 可以看出实习生不愿意翻译文件, 所以这使作者回忆起了自己做实习生的时候, 故选D。8. A. anythingB. nothingC. somethingD. everything【解析】选A。考查代词词义辨析。句意: 我问我的上司“还有什么我可以帮忙的吗?”根据上文I, too, managed to finish my workload可知, 我已经完成了我的工作, 所以后面对应的应该是, 我问上司还有没有需要帮忙的。anything else“别的任何事”, 故选 A。9. A. andB. butC
49、. forD. or【解析】选B。考查连词词义辨析。句意: 我对这项工作不太熟悉, 但我还是根据我的理解, 尽可能地把它做到最好。此句前半句与后半句句意表示转折, 所以用but, 故选 B。10. A. preciousB. consistentC. professionalD. complicated【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。precious宝贵的;consistent坚持的;professional专业的;complicated复杂的。根据上下文可知, 虽然我对这项工作不是很熟悉, 后面转折, 表示我能尽力去做, 所以是尽可能使它专业。故选C。11. A. reportB. sho
50、wC. lessonD. draft【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我的主管对草案非常满意。report报告;show展示;lesson课;draft草案。根据句意, 我尽力去做这项任务, 再根据satisfied可知, 主管对我的草案满意。故选D。12. A. gaveB. savedC. lentD. borrowed【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 你为我节省了很多时间。我不需要从头开始创作。gave给;saved节省, 拯救;lent借出;borrowed借入。根据题意, 主管不需要自己再从头开始, 所以是为她节省了很多时间。故选B。13. A. in detailB.
51、in surpriseC. in chargeD. in trouble【解析】选A。考查介词短语辨析。句意: 她详细地告诉我, 我应该如何以不同的方式完成计划。in detail详细地;in surprise惊讶地;in charge在看管之下;in trouble 处于困境中。主管给我讲如何完成计划, 所以是详细地讲, 故选A。14. A. persuadedB. beggedC. devotedD. bought【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我只是一个薪水很低的实习生, 但我用我的额外劳动买了一个更好的未来。persuaded说服;begged乞讨;devoted致力于;bou
52、ght买。根据上文I got my current job all because of her recommendation可知, 我的主管推荐的我做的这份工作。并且此处bought正好与a low salary 形成对比, 表示虽然工资低, 但额外劳动却使她有了更好的未来, 故选D。15. A. powerB. pressureC. povertyD. performance【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我发现有一种贫困叫短见。power力量;pressure压力;poverty贫穷;performance表演。根据a better future with my extra la
53、bor可知, 此处正好与这名实习生的不愿意帮助形成呼应, 由我愿意帮助主管并且不断努力, 最终有了今天的工作可知, 实习生这种行为是短见的体现, 所以有一种贫穷叫短见。故选C。【阅读多维训练】根据阅读理解B篇, 完成下列题目。1. 句式仿写A device that houses Alexa can also play music from your favorite playlists, keep a shopping list, order takeout food, answer questions, send messages and even run “smart” home con
54、trols. 安装了Alexa的设备还可以播放你最喜欢的播放列表中的音乐、记录购物清单、订购外卖、回答你的问题、发送信息, 甚至运行“智能”家庭控件。句式仿写: 昨天你告诉我的消息很令人兴奋。The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting. 2. 句式分析To train AlphaGo, Google had to show it 30 million Go moves that people had made while playing the game. 分析: 本句是主从复合句。其中To train AlphaGo是动词不
55、定式作目的状语;show it 30 million Go moves是show接双宾语;that people had made是that引导的定语从句, 修饰moves;while playing the game是时间状语从句while they were playing the game的省略形式。译文: 为了训练Alphago, 谷歌不得不向它输入人们在下围棋时所走的3 000万步棋。3. 文章结构分析ThemeThe effect of AIPart 1 (Para. 1): Introduce Alexaa form of AIAlexa is a form of artific
56、ial intelligence. A device that houses Alexa can do many things. Part 2 (Para. 2 and Para. 3 ): How to train AI systemsTraining AI systems to respond to problems with human-like intelligence and learn from their mistakes can take months, or even years. By natural language, computer scientists refer
57、to the way people naturally talk or write. Part 3 (Para. 4): Another example of AIAlphaGoAlphaGo is an AI system designed by Google that has beaten a human champion, Lee Sedol, at the strategy board game Go. 阅读理解Many science fiction stories tell about explorers arriving in a new world. The explorers
58、 then use some kind of high-tech device to test for breathable air or signs of life. But here on Earth, science fiction is becoming reality through a new sampling technology called environmental DNA, or e-DNA for short. Scientists can use it to identify rare species or estimate fish populations with
59、 just a little air or water. Environmental DNA can be used in two ways. One is to identify the creatures that live in a certain place. The other is to confirm the presence or lack of a specific creature. Caren Goldberg is one of the first biologists in the northwestern United States to take the tech
60、nology from the testing stage to actually using it. She sees e-DNA as a way to get answers more efficiently, and with less destruction compared to traditional survey techniques. Until recently, scientists depended on diving deep, netting or using an electric current to temporarily catch fish. This n
61、ewer way to identify what lives in the environment is becoming popular around the world. Animal experts in Vietnam are using the e-DNA to find the last, wild Yangtze giant softshell turtles. One researcher on the Caribbean island of Trinidad is using the sampling technology to find endangered golden
62、 tree-frogs. And in Madagascar, it is being used to identify amphibian (两栖动物) diseases. Ms Goldberg has used e-DNA testing to confirm the local extinction of a leopard frog in the American state of Idaho. She has also been asked to document the spread of the New Zealand mud-snail in the state of Was
63、hington. The creature has been found in lakes and other waterways across the state. Scientists working with the technology say they do not expect robots to replace field biologists anytime soon. But the old-fashioned field work could soon be more targeted. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要向读者介绍了科学界一项新的采样技术, 即环境DNA
64、, 这项技术可以利用一点空气或水识别罕见的外来入侵物种或研究生物的多样性。本文介绍了这项技术的三个方面: 主要用途;生物学家Caren Goldberg对它的评价;它正在世界各地流行起来。1. By using e-DNA, Caren Goldberg has _. A. succeeded in catching many fishesB. found the existence of golden tree frogsC. documented the spread of softshell turtlesD. proved the disappearance of the leopar
65、d frog in Idaho【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Ms Goldberg has used e-DNA testing to confirm the local extinction of a leopard frog in the American state of Idaho. 可知, 戈德伯格女士利用e-DNA检测证实了美国爱达荷州当地豹蛙的灭绝。故选D项。2. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Robots will replace scientists soon. B. Some scientists ar
66、e against using e-DNA. C. The old-fashioned field work may disappear. D. Many biologists are unwilling to do the field work. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段Scientists working with the technology say they do not expect robots to replace field biologists anytime soon. But the old-fashioned field work could soon b
67、e more targeted. 可知, 从事这项技术的科学家不希望机器人在短期内取代野外生物学家。但是很快, 老式的实地调查更可能会成为针对目标。由此可以推断出, 老式的实地调查可能会消失。故选C项。3. The passage can be sorted as_. A. science fictionB. an experiment reportC. a science reportD. a bio-diversity discovery【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第一段But here on Earth, science fiction is becoming reality throu
68、gh a new sampling technology called environmental DNA, or e-DNA for short. Scientists can use it to identify rare species or estimate fish populations with just a little air or water. 可知, 在地球上, 通过一种名为环境DNA的新采样技术, 科幻小说正在变成现实。科学家可以用它来鉴定稀有物种, 或者用少量的空气或水来估计鱼类的数量。由此可推断出, 本文不是科幻小说, 而是一篇科学报道。故选C项。【点睛】推理判断题
69、要求在理解原文字面意思的基础上, 通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示, 做出一定的判断和推理, 从而得到文章的深层意义及隐含意义。出现特征: 在考题中经常出现的词有infer, imply, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, prove/according to等。如第2小题问的是从最后一段可推断出什么, 根据最后一段可知“从事这项技术的科学家不希望机器人在短期内取代野外生物学家”, 因此A项不正确;B项、D项并未被提及;最后一句提到“但是很快, 老式的实地调查更可能会成为针对目标”, 我们可以推断出老式的实地调查可能会消失。