1、2015-2016高三一轮复习第 五 期Editor:解晓倩 Proofreader: 李淑玮55分钟课堂练习集中识词APacing and Pausing Sara tried to befriend her old friend Steves new wife, but Betty never seemed to have anything to say. While Sara felt Betty didnt hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a
2、chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing. Conversation is a turn-taking game. When our habits are similar, theres no problem. But if our habits are different, you may start to talk before Im finished or fail to take your turn when Im finished. Thats what was h
3、appening with Betty and Sara. It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. Betty often felt interrupted by Sara. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing m
4、ost of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel. The general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style
5、but about personality and abilities. These habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping (思维定式). And these social phenomena can have very personal consequences. For example, a woman from the southwestern part of the US went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personn
6、el. When the Personnel Department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break in-and never found it. Although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was to
7、ld to take a training course because of her inability to speak up. Thats why slight differences in conversational style-tiny little things like microseconds of pause-can have a great effect on ones life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems-even in the mind of the woman h
8、erself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.1. What did Sara think of Betty when talking with her? A. Betty was talkative. B. Betty was an interrupter. C. Betty did not take her turn. D. Betty paid no attention to Sara.2. According to the passage, wh
9、o are likely to expect the shortest pauses between turns? A. Americans. B. Israelis. C. The British. D. The Finns.3. We can learn from the passage that _A. communication breakdown results from short pauses and fast pacingB. women are unfavorably stereotyped in eastern cities of the US C. ones inabil
10、ity to speak up is culturally determined sometimesD. one should receive training to build up ones confidence4. The underlined word assertiveness in the last paragraph probably means _ A. being willing to speak ones mind B. being able to increase ones powerC. being ready to make ones own judgment D.
11、being quick to express ones ideas confidentlyCDecision-making under StressA new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.T
12、he research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect
13、images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed p
14、articipants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress at those moments, on
15、ly the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.The research also found that stress appears to affect
16、decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded i
17、n the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addi
18、cted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.5. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to _.A. keep rewards better in their memoryB. recall consequences more effortlesslyC. make risky decisions more frequentlyD. learn
19、a subject more effectively6. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their _.A. ways of making choicesB. preference for pleasureC. tolerance of punishmentsD. responses to suggestions7.The research has proved that in a stressful situation, _.A. women find it easier to fall i
20、nto certain habits B. men have a greater tendency to slow downC. women focus more on outcomes D. men are more likely to take risksCSome people believe that a Robin Hood is at work，others that a wealthy person simply wants to distribute his or her fortune before dying. But the donator who started sen
21、ding envelopes with cash to deserving causes，accompanied by an article from the local paper, has made a northern German city believe in fairytales (童话）.The first envelope was sent to a victim support group. It contained 10，000 with a cutting from the Braunschiveiger Zeitung about how the group suppo
22、rted a woman who was robbed of her handbag; similar plain white anonymous (匿名）envelopes, each containing 10,000, then arrived at a kindergarten and a church.The envelopes keep coming, and; so far at least 190,000 has been distributed. Last month, one of them was sent to the newspaper s own office. I
23、t came after a story it published about Tom, a 14-year-old boy who was severely disabled in a swimming accident. The receptionist at the Braunschiveiger Zeitung opened an anonymous white envelope to find 20 notes of 500 inside with a copy of the article. The name of the family was underlined.“I was
24、driving when I heard the news, Claudia Neumann, the boys mother, told Der Spiegel magazine. “I had to park on the side of the road; I was speechless.The money will be used to make the entrance to their house wheelchair-accessible and for a course of treatment that their insurance company refused to
25、pay for.For someone to act so selflessly, for this to happen in such a society in which everyone thinks of himself, was astonishing, Mrs. Neumann said. Her family wonder whether the donator is a Robin Hood character, taking from banks to give to the needy.Henning Noske，the editor of the Braunschivei
26、ger Zeitung, said: Maybe it is an old person who is about to die. We just do not know. However, he has told his reporters not to look for the citys hero, for fear that discovery may stop the donations.8. The Braunschiveiger Zeitung is the name of _.A. a churchB. a bankC. a newspaperD. a magazine9.Wh
27、ich of the following is TRUE about the donation to Tom?A.The donation amounted to 190,000.B.The donation was sent directly to his house.C.The money will be used for his education.D.His mother felt astonished at the donation.10.It can be inferred from the passage that _.A.the donator is a rich old ma
28、nB.the donation will continue to comeC.the donation comes from the newspaperD.the donator will soon be found out11.What would be the best title for the passage?A.Money Is Raised by the Newspaper. B.Newspaper Distributes Money to the Needy. C.Unknown Hero Spreads Love in EnvelopesD.Robin Hood Returns
29、 to the CityDDo you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently its because we have mirror neurons (神经元）in our brains.Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we
30、 see someone else do something, our brains imitate (模仿)it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions，they also tel
31、l us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains，but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages，and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate
32、 strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: The hand took hold of the ball), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).Any problems with
33、 mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.Research i
34、nto mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact(互动).Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent (相等物)for neuroscience of what Einsteins theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when s
35、omeone else doeswell, perhaps youll understand why.12.Mirror neurons can explain _.A.why we cry when we are hurtB. why we cough when we suffer from a coldC. why we smile when we see someone else smileD. why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late13.The underlined word triggered in the third pa
36、ragraph probably means “_”.A. set offB. cut offC. built up D. broken up14.We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons _.A.relate to human behavior and interactionB.control human physical actions and feelingsC.result in bad behavior and social disordersD.determine our knowledge and language abi
37、lities15.What is the passage mainly about?A.Ways to find mirror neurons.B.Problems of mirror neurons.C.Existence of mirror neurons.D.Functions of mirror neurons.E(七选五)Muzak The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? 16 Its similar to the music you
38、 listen to, but its not exactly the same. Thats because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you dont even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway. Quiet background music used to be called elevator (电梯) music because we often
39、 heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name Muzak. About one-third of the people in America listen to Muzak every day. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morni
40、ng, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired. _17_ If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters dont want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. W
41、hy? 18 Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak does what it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the
42、background. 19 Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries. 20 . They say its boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their
43、cows give more milk when they hear Muzak! A. Some people dont like Muzak. B. The music gives them extra energy.C. Music is playing in the background.D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more. E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better.F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their son
44、gs are used.G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world.第二部分 完形填空I often read of incidents of misunderstanding or conflict. Im left 36 . Why do these people create mistrust and problems, especially with those from other 37 ?I was growing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s, 38
45、children from different races and religions played and studied 39 in harmony. At that time my family lived a stones 40 from Ismails. And no one was bothered that Ismail was a Malay Muslim and I was an Indian Hinduwe just 41 our differences. Perhaps，our elders had not filled our heads with unnecessar
46、y advice, well 42 or otherwise.We were nine when we became friends. During the school holidays, we d 43 the countryside on our bicycles，hoping to 44 the unexpected. At times Ismail would accompany my family as we made a rare shopping trip to town. We would be glad of his 45 .When I was twelve, my fa
47、mily moved to Johor. Ismails family later returned to their village, and I 46 touch with him.One spring afternoon in 1983, I stopped a taxi in Kuala Lumpur. I 47 my destination. The driver acknowledged my 48 but did not move off. Instead, he looked 49 at me. “Raddar? he said, using my childhood nick
48、name (绰号).I was astonished at being so 50 addressed (称呼).Unexpectedly! It was Ismail! Even after two 51 we still recognized each other. Grasping his shoulder, I felt a true affection, something 52 to describe.If we can allow our children to be 53 without prejudice, theyll build friendships with peop
49、le，regardless of race or religion, who will be 54 their side through thick and thin. On such friendships are societies built and 55 we can truly be, as William Shakespeare once wrote, “We happy few. We band of brothers. 36.A.interestedB.pleasedC.puzzledD. excited37.A.partiesB.cities C.villagesD. rac
50、es38.A.whyB.whichC.howD. when39.A.togetherB.aroundC.aloneD. apart40.A.dropB.throwC.moveD. roll41.A.refusedB.madeC.soughtD. accepted42.A.paidB.meantC.preservedD. treated43.A.exploreB.searchC.discoverD. desert44.A.get throughB.deal withC.come acrossD. take away45.A.arrivalB.choiceC.effortD. company46.
51、A.lostB.gainedC.developedD. missed47.A.statedB.orderedC.decidedD. chose48.A.attempts B.instructionsC.opinionsD. arrangements D. fixedly49.A.B.carelessly C.disappointedly50.A.familiarly B.strangelyC.fullyD. coldly51.A.departuresB.monthsC.yearsD. decades52.A.possibleB.funnyC.hardD. clear53.A.themB.the
52、mselvesC.usD. ourselves54.A.fromB.byotherwiseC.withD. against55.A.stillB.C.thenD. instead第三部分 语法填空It was a very cold evening, an old man was waiting for a ride across the river. He saw several horsemen pass by but he didnt ask for any help. The wait seemed _1_(end)Then came another rider，the old man
53、 _2_(catch) his eye and said, “Sir, would you mind doing me a favor？”Stopping his horse，he replied, “Of course.” Almost _3_(freeze), the old man could not get _4_ the ground. The horseman helped him onto his horse. He took the old man not just across the river，_5_ to his home.“Sir, you didnt even as
54、k the other riders for help, why? What _6_ I had said no and left you there？” the horseman asked.The old man looked at him straight in the eyes and said, “I looked into their eyes, I found they didnt care，_7_ told me it would be useless, but when I looked into _8_， I saw kindness.”These words touche
55、d the rider deeply. “Thank you for _9_ youve said, I hope I will never be too busy to help others.” with that, Thomas Jefferson, the _10_(three) president of the US, turned his horse around and went away.第四部分：短文改错Ten years ago, I had worked as a night guard in a factory. On a rainy night, all the li
56、ghts of factory went out all of a sudden. I rushed out and could see nothing. Lucky for me, the warning system was directly connected with the police station. Three or four minutes late, four police car arrived at the front gate. They searched for the factory carefully, tried to find something unusu
57、al. In the end, I am told that the rain had brought about the short circuit, that caused the accident.参考答案：阅读：CBCD AAD CDBC CAAD CBFDA完形：CDDAB DBACD AABDA DCBBC语法填空：1解析在语境中考查构词法。答案endless2解析考查语境中动词的变形和对时态的使用。答案caught3解析在语境中考查分词的使用。答案frozen4解析考查意义与词组的搭配。答案off5解析考查语境中转折连词的使用。答案but6解析考查对what if结构的掌握情况。答案if7解析考查定语从句在语境中的运用。答案which8解析考查名词性物主代词的掌握。答案yours9解析考查名词性从句引导词的使用。答案what10解析考查在语境中序数词的运用。答案third改错：1. 去掉had 2. a -the 3.and改为but 4. Luck-Luckily 5. late-later 6. car-cars 7. 去掉for 8. tried-trying 9.am改为was 10. that-which