1、课时素养检测八Unit 2Period 4. 阅读理解AFlorence Nightingale was born in a rich family. When she was young she took lessons in music and drawing, and read great books. She also traveled a great deal with her mother and father. As a child she felt that visiting sick people was both a duty and a pleasure. She enj
2、oyed helping them. At last mind was made up. “Im going to be a nurse, ” she decided. “Nursing isnt the right work for a lady, ” her father told her. “Then I will make it so, ” she smiled. And she went to learn nursing in Germany and France. When she returned to England, Florence started a nursing ho
3、me for home. During the Crimean War in 1854 she went with a group of thirty eight nurses to the front hospitals. What they saw there was terrible. Dirt and death were everywhere to be seen and smelled. The officer there did not want any woman to tell him how to run a hospital, either. But the brave
4、nurse went to work. Florence used her own money and some from friends to buy clothes, beds, medicine and food for the men. Her only pay was in smiles from the lips of dying soldiers. But they were more than enough for this kind woman. After she returned to England, she was honored for her services b
5、y Queen Victoria. But Florence said that her work had just begun. She raised money to build the Nightingale Home for Nurses in London. She also wrote a book on public health, which was printed in several countries. Florence Nightingale died at the age of ninety, still trying to serve others through
6、her work as a nurse. Indeed, it is because of her that we honor nurses today. 【语篇概述】本文主要讲述了英国著名的护士南丁格尔的一生。1. When she was a child, Florence _. A. loved to travel very muchB. knew what her duty in life wasC. loved to help the sick peopleD. was most interested in music and drawing【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段 “A
7、s a child she felt that visiting sick people was both a duty and a pleasure. She enjoyed helping them. ”可知答案。2. What made Florence make up her mind to become a nurse? A. Her fathers support. B. Her desire to help the sick. C. Her education in Germany and France. D. Her knowledge from reading great b
8、ooks. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二、三、四段内容: (She enjoyed helping them)尽管她的父亲反对, 她还是决定选择做了一名护士。3. During the Crimean War in 1854, Florence served in the front hospital where _. A. she earned a little moneyB. work was very difficultC. few soldiers died because of her workD. she didnt have enough food or clothes【解
9、析】选B。细节理解题。根据第五段的“What they saw there was terrible. Dirt and death were everywhere to be seen and smelled. ”可知当时的工作环境十分恶劣。4. The passage can best be described as _. A. the life story of a famous womanB. a description of the nursing workC. an example of successful educationD. the history of nursing i
10、n England【解析】选A。主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了著名的护士南丁格尔的一生, 故选A。BHave you winterized your horse yet? Even though global warming may have made our climate more mild, many animals are still hibernating(冬眠). Its too bad that humans cant hibernate. In fact, as a species, we almost did. Apparently, at times in the past,
11、peasants in France liked a semi-state of human hibernation. So writer Graham Robb, a British scholar who has studied the sleeping habits of the French peasants. As soon as the weather turned cold people all over France shut themselves away and practiced the forgotten art of doing nothing at all for
12、months on end. In line with this, Jeff Warren, a producer at CBC Radios The Current, tells us that the way we sleep has changed fundamentally since the invention of artificial(人造的) lighting and the electric bulb. When historians began studying texts of the Middle Ages, they noticed something referre
13、d to as “first sleep”, which was not clarified, though. Now scientists are telling us our ancestors most likely slept in separate periods. The business of eight hours uninterrupted sleep is a modern invention. In the past, without the artificial light of the city to bathe in, humans went to sleep wh
14、en it became dark and then woke themselves around midnight. The late night period was known as “The Watch”. It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbours. According to some sleep researchers, a short period of
15、insomnia(失眠) at midnight is not a disorder. It is normal. Humans can experience another state of consciousness around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning. This period can be an extraordinarily creative time for some people. The impr
16、essive inventor, Thomas Edison, used this state to hit upon many of his new ideas. Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous, as anxiety may set in. Medical science doesnt help much in this case. It offers us medicines for a full nights continuous sleep, which sounds natural ; however, acco
17、rding to Warrens theory, it is really the opposite of what we need. 【语篇概述】本文介绍了一些睡眠专家的研究成果, 这对人们如何对待睡眠习惯有所启示。属于科普类说明文。5. The example of the French peasants shows the fact that _. A. people might become lazy as a result of too much sleepB. there were signs of hibernation in human sleeping habitsC. pe
18、ople tended to sleep more peacefully in cold weatherD. winter was a season for people to sleep for months on end【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段讲述的内容, 联系第一段最后一句 “In fact, as a species, we almost did. ”分析推定B项符合题意。C项为干扰项, 但原文未做比较而且也不符合中心意思, 故选B。6. The late night was called “The Watch” because it was a time for peop
19、le _. A. to set traps to catch animals B. to wake up their family and neighboursC. to remind others of the timeD. to guard against possible dangers【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第五段中最后一句“. . . It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply. . . ”直接推断出答案, 故选D。7. What does th
20、e author advise people to do ? A. Sleep in the way animals do. B. Consult a doctor if they cant sleep. C. Follow their natural sleep rhythm. D. Keep to the eight-hour sleep pattern. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。综合分析最后一段内容可知作者建议人们遵循自然睡眠规律, 因此, C项符合题意。. 完形填空It happened many years ago. When Henry Ford decided to produ
21、ce his famous V8 motor(发动机), he chose to build an engine with the entire eight cylinders(气缸)cast in one block, and 1 his engineers to produce a design for the engine. The design seemed good on 2, but the engineers agreed that it was simply 3 to cast an eight-cylinder engine block in one piece. Ford
22、said, “Produce it anyway. ”“But, ” they replied, “its impossible! ”“Go ahead, ” Ford commanded, “and 4 on the job until you succeed, no matter how much time is required. ”The engineers went ahead. There was 5 else for them to do, if they were to remain on the Ford staff. Six months passed and nothin
23、g 6. Another six months passed, and still nothing happened. The engineers tried every plan to carry out the orders, but the thing seemed out of the 7: “Impossible! ”At the end of the year Ford checked with his engineers, and again they 8 him they had found no way to carry out his orders. “Go ahead,
24、” said Ford, “I want it, and Ill 9 it. ”They went ahead, and then, 10 by a stroke of magic, the secret was discovered. Fords determination won again! This story may not be described in minute detail, 11 the sum and substance of it is correct. If you wish to get rich, think and youll find the secret
25、of Fords wealth is not 12 to seek. Henry Ford was successful, because he understood and applied the principles of 13. One of these is desire(渴望): knowing what he wants. If you can do this, if you can choose and 14 these principles which made Henry Ford rich, you can 15 his achievements in almost any
26、 field of work. 【语篇概述】当福特提出要制造V8 气缸引擎汽车时, 工程师们认为是不可能的, 但是福特坚持不懈, 要求工程师们无论如何都要做出来, 最终如愿以偿。1. A. stoppedB. invitedC. askedD. taught【解析】选C。词汇辨析题。福特要求(asked)他手下的工程师们着手设计一种引擎。2. A. paperB. pageC. newsD. words【解析】选A。固定搭配题。on paper 固定搭配, 理论上。整句话的意思是: 理论上看起来很好, 但是工程师们都跟福特说: “要把八个气缸全放在一起, 压根儿不可能。”3. A. unimp
27、ortantB. commonC. realisticD. impossible【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。由下文的“But, ”they replied, “its impossible! ”可知答案为D项。4. A. stayB. putC. buildD. place【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。福特的意思是继续努力干(stay)这个工作, 直到你们成功。5. A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。意思是“如果他们要继续待在公司里, 他们别无(nothing)选择”。6. A. continuedB. return
28、edC. leftD. changed 【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。由下文可知半年过去了, 情况没有什么改变(changed)。7. A. orderB. controlC. questionD. sight【解析】选C。固定搭配题。他们尝试着每种计划, 但是看起来都不可能。out of the question 固定搭配, 不可能的。8. A. showedB. toldC. warnedD. persuaded 【解析】选B。词汇辨析题。他们再次告诉(told)他, 他们想不出有什么办法可以做到他的指示。9. A. haveB. expressC. borrowD. help【解析】选A。词
29、汇辨析题。福特的意思是: 我就要拥有(have)它。10. A. whenB. unlessC. even ifD. as if【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。他们继续努力, 后来仿佛(as if )遇到魔法一样, 他们找出了秘密所在。11. A. butB. andC. soD. or【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。上下文有转折关系。这个故事也许说得不够详尽, 但是故事的要点都是真的。12. A. readyB. easyC. longD. far【解析】选D。固定搭配题。be not far to seek 固定搭配, 容易找到。13. A. wealthB. healthC. successD. l
30、aw【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。由上文“Henry Ford was successful. . . ”可知本篇内容主要讲的是成功(success)的原则。福特了解成功的原则, 也运用了这些原则, 所以他成功了。14. A. stick toB. talk aboutC. pick upD. rely on【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。如果你能选择并且坚持(stick to )这些让福特有钱的原则。15. A. makeB. passC. recordD. equal【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。本文用equal表示“等同于”, 意为: 你就可以和他一样出类拔萃。. 书面表达请根据以下信息写一篇文章,
31、描写海伦凯勒。1. 平凡但是是一位伟大的妇女。2. 有残疾, 但非常乐观。3. 特别渴求新知识, 自强不息。_【参考范文】Every time I read “. . . if I had the power of sight for three days”, I cannot help being moved by its author Helen Keller, an ordinary but great American woman. I admire Helen because she is optimistic about life. She became deaf and blin
32、d when she was 19 months old. Since then she lived in a world of darkness and silence, and communication seemed only a dream for her. But she never gave up and struggled to lead an active life. Under the guidance of her teacher, Ms Sulliven, Helen learned to read and write, and became a famous writer. For a disabled person like her, this was really a wonder. Helen has set an excellent example to all of us. Her story tells us that we should value what we have and try our best to overcome any difficulty in life.