1、Section Grammar单元语法项目(一)定语从句()语法图解探究发现Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.But it was also a time when there are many great philosophers.Do you know the reason why he has been late?For example,it is the country in which silk was first invented.He is a man of whom
2、China can be proud.我的发现(1)句中黑体部分的引导词是关系副词，分别在定语从句中充当_状语。(2)句中，“介词which/whom”引导的定语从句中的介词多与从句的谓语动词搭配以及具体语境有关。同时，_用于指代物，_用于指代人。地点、时间、原因whichwhom一、关系副词(when,where,why)引导的定语从句1when 引导定语从句时，从句的先行词为表示时间的名词，在从句中作时间状语。I can never forget the day when I first saw you.我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。2where 引导定语从句时，从句的先行词为表示地点
3、的名词，在从句中作地点状语。After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.在巴黎生活了 50 年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。(先行词是 town)名师点津 关系副词 where 表示“地点的模糊化”。当先行词表示某人/物的 situation，或某事发展的 stage，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用关系副词 where。常见的先行词还有 point,case,position,condition 等。The accident has reached
4、 to the point where both their parents are to be called in.事情发展到如此地步，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。3why 引导定语从句时，从句的先行词通常是 reason,在从句中作原因状语。Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why theyre not doing well.不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。名师点津 先行词是 the reason 时，定语从句的引导词需根据定语从句缺少的成分而定，如果缺少状语，用 why；如果缺少主语或宾语，则用 that/which。I dont
5、 believe the reason(that/which)he gave me for his being late.我不相信他给出的迟到的理由。即时演练 1 用适当的关系副词填空(2019天津高考改编)Their child is at the stage _ she can say individual words but not full sentences.(2019江苏高考改编)We have entered into an age _dreams have the best chance of coming true.(2016天津高考改编)We will put off th
6、e picnic in the park until next week,_ the weather may be better.wherewhenwhen(2015天津高考改编)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.The reason _ he r
7、esigned is known to us.wherewherewhy二、“介词which/whom”引导的定语从句1“介词关系代词”结构引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用 which(指物)或 whom(指人)，即：介词which/whom，并且不能省略。If you have anything on which you want my opinions,feel free to see me.如果你们有什么事需要征求我的意见的话，随时来找我。I took a photo of the students,among whom was seated a teacher.我给这些学生拍了一张照片，
8、他们中间坐着一位老师。2“介词which”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语时，相当于关系副词 when,where,why。She still remembers the day on which(when)she won the prize.她仍然记得自己获奖的那一天。This is the house in which(where)I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。We didnt know the reason for which(why)he refused our help.我们不知道他拒绝我们帮助的原因。名师点津 当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定
9、搭配不可分割时，那么该动词短语中的介词不能前置，如 listen to,look at,look for,look into,depend on,make use of,pay attention to,take care of 等。This is the pen which Im looking for.这是我正在找的那支钢笔。3介词前有时加名词、数词等，构成“名词/数词/不定代词of which/whom”结构，在定语从句中作主语。English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of which uses it d
10、ifferently.英语是一种多元文化共享的语言，每一种文化都以不同的方式使用它。I collected some books，the covers of which(whose covers/of which the covers)are yellow with years.我收藏了一些书，它们的封面因年代久远都变黄了。名师点津“介词关系代词(which/whom)”是定语从句重 点 和 难 点，因 为 很 多 同 学 不 知 道 该 如 何 确 定 关 系 代 词(which/whom)前面的介词。下面介绍一个办法：“一先，二动，三意义”。“一先”，即根据先行词来确定介词。The fac
11、tory in which Im working mainly produces computers.我工作所在的工厂主要生产电脑。(in which 代替 in the factory，在工厂里用介词 in。)“二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词来确定介词。In the dark street there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街道上她没有一个人可以求助。(to whom 代替 to a person；turn to sb.for help 向某人求助。)“三意义”，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
12、In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30 pm.,by which time many people have gone home.在办公室里下午 5：30 以前我似乎永远没有时间，到那时，许多人已经回家了。4“复合介词which”引导的定语从句，常用逗号与先行词隔开，而且定语从句常用倒装语序。He lived in a big house,in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一幢大房子里，房前有一棵大树。名师点津“介词where”和“介词which”的用法不同，如：His
13、 head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口露出来，从那儿除了树木他什么也看不见。(from where 相当于 from out of the window，而不是 from the window)即时演练 2 用“介词关系代词”填空(2016江苏高考改编)Many young people,most _ were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016浙江高考改编)Scient
14、ists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none _ has been proved.Do you remember the day _ you joined our club?There is a big window _ I can see the railway station.This is the man _ I just shook hands.None of us know the reason _ Tom was absent.of whomof whichon whichthrough
15、 whichwith whomfor which.单句语法填空1.He wrote many childrens books,nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s.2.This is the person _ you are looking for.3.I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.4.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communic
16、ation,especially at work _ a good impression is a must.5.Creating an atmosphere _ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.whichwhom/who/thatwhenwhere where/in which.单句写作1(2016全国卷满分作文)This summer I intend to take up a part-time job in a foreign company,_(通过此事我能开阔眼界)2(2015广东高考读写任务)Our class a
17、lso has problems of its own,_(其中最明显的一个是学生的懒惰)3(2014全国卷满分作文)First of all,I will have a warm family _(一个家庭成员彼此相爱和关心的家)through which I would liketo broaden my horizonsof which the most obvious one is the students lazinesswhere the members will love each other and care abouteach other4(2014广东高考基础写作)With
18、 the help of the local media,he has managed to find 32 time twins from 13 countries,_(其中 17 名男性和 15 名女性)5(2014安徽高考满分作文)I think the reason _(你生气的原因)may be the high pressure of study.of whomthere are 17 males and 15 femaleswhy you arealways angry单元语法项目(二)形容词和副词的比较级语法图解探究发现The earth is forty-nine times
19、 as large as the moon.The earth is forty-nine times larger than the moon.The earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon.Its getting brighter and brighter.The more books I read，the more information I learn.The book on the table is much more interesting than that on the shelf.He has never spent mo
20、re worrying day.我的发现(1)句是倍数的表达法：倍数asadj.as；_；_。(2)句“比较级and比较级”表示_。(3)句“the比较级，the比较级”表示_。(4)句比较级前可用_等词修饰。(5)句否定词与比较级连用表示。倍数比较级than倍数the名词of“越来越”“越，越”最高级much/even形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是高考必考的语法项目，必须熟练掌握其用法。对于形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法应注意以下具体问题：一、倍数表达法的三个常用句型1.倍数as形容词/副词原级as.Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲的面积是
21、欧洲的四倍。2.倍数形容词/副词比较级than.This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.这个大厅是我们教室的五倍大。3.倍数the性质名词(size/length/height 等)of.The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。名师点津 英语中用 twice 或 double 表示两倍，三倍或三倍以上用 times，如 three/four.times。即时演练 1(1)完成句子 据说现在这个发电厂大小是
22、过去的两倍。Its said that the power plant is now _ what it was.这家餐馆还没有我们去过的那家餐馆的一半好呢。This restaurant wasnt _ that other restaurant we went to.twice as large ashalf as good as(2)一句多译 我们学校是他们学校的四倍大。Our school is four times _ theirs.Our school is three times _ theirs.Our school is four times _ theirs.as big
23、asbigger thanthe size of二、形容词和副词比较级的特殊用法 1“the比较级，the比较级”表示“越，越”。The fatter he becomes,the less confident he will be.他变得越胖，他就越没有自信。2“比较级and比较级”表示“越来越”。Our city is now becoming more and more beautiful.我们的城市变得越来越漂亮了。3“the比较级of the twon.”表示“两者中较的那个”。The larger of the two islands is Britain,which lies t
24、o the east of Ireland.两个岛屿中较大的一个是不列颠岛，位于爱尔兰的东面。4“否定词比较级”结构表示最高级含义。I have never seen a more interesting book.我从没看过比这本更有趣的书。5“more than从句”表示“超出的范围”。The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.我无法描述这座城市的美。6“not比较级than”表示“一方不如另一方”；而“no比较级than”表示“两者都不”。Tom is not taller than me.汤姆不如我高。Tom is no ta
25、ller than me.汤姆和我都不高。名师点津 用 much,far,still,even,a lot,a bit,any,rather,a great deal,by far 等修饰形容词或副词的比较级，表示程度，除by far 外，必须置于形容词或副词比较级的前面。即时演练 2 完成句子这是我曾看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。This is _ that I have ever seen.你的四川之行怎么样？再好不过了。How was your recent trip to Sichuan?Ive never had _ before.这种噪音我忍受不了。The noise is _ I c
26、an put up with.by far the most inspiring moviea more pleasant onemore than两兄弟中较年轻的那个是医生。_ is a doctor.一个人知识越渊博，他通常越谦虚。_ a man is,_ he usually becomes.这两位歌手都不受欢迎。The singer is _ that one.The younger of the two brothersThe more learnedthe more modestno more popular than.单句语法填空1Our village is three tim
27、es the size the village at the foot of the hill.2You cant find a _(good)place to live in.3It is much more exciting to travel by air _ by water.4Of the two coats,Id choose the _(cheap)one to spare some money for a book.ofbetterthancheaper5The little town has now grown into a modern city,and it is _(t
28、wo)as big as what it used to be.6The _(hard)you study，the more interested youll be in it.It surely is.Its two degrees _(hot)than yesterday.7The pianos in the other shop will be _(cheap),but not as good.8The weather here is colder than _ of Beijing.twiceharderhottercheaperthat.单句写作1(2015广东高考满分作文)_(老师
29、做得越少),the more the students do and the more they will learn.2The beauty of the West Lake is _(我难以描述)3It _(变得越来越冷)when winter comes.4_(两个男孩中较高的那个)is our monitor.5The manager earns _(是我的三倍多)The less the teacher doesmore than I can describebecomes colder and colderThe taller of the two boysthree times as much as I谢谢 观 看