1、江苏省前黄高级中学、如东高级中学、姜堰中学等五校2018届高三上学期第一次学情监测英语试题第I卷（选择题，共85分）第一部分 听力（共两节，满分20分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从试题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What will the man probably do next?A. Watch TV.B. Go out for
2、 dinner.C. Do his homework.2. Why hasnt John noticed the milk boiling over?A. His mind is wandering.B. He is not standing nearby.C. He is thinking of taking something to London.3. Who might the man go to a movie with?A. The woman.B. His daughter.C. The mans wife.4. When did the man leave for home?A.
3、 At ten.B. At eleven.C. At ten thirty.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. Jerrys acting in the play.B. Their dissatisfaction with Jerry.C. The mans worry over his sickness.第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒
4、钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6-7题6. What does the woman like about summer?A. The rain.B. The heat.C. The warm long days.7. What does the woman often do during the summer?A. Take a long holiday.B. Do outdoor activities.C. Bicycle with friends in the rain.听第7段材料，回答第8-9题8. Why do American people love to
5、 buy second-hand goods?A. To earn money.B. To save money.C. To contribute to charity.9. What is usually sold in a yard sale?A. Used goods.B. Treasures and furniture.C. Books, records and coffee.听第8段材料，回答第10-12题10. Why did the first McDonalds restaurant have no seats?A. To reduce the cost.B. To avoid
6、 washing dishes.C. To make people eat quickly.11. Which McDonalds sells the most hamburgers in the world?A. One in New York.B. The first McDonalds.C. The Hong Kongs.12. What do we learn from the conversation?A. Mac and Dick sold the business to McDonald.B. Ray Kroc bought McDonalds from Mac and Dick
7、.C. There are many chain stores of McDonalds only in New York.听第9段材料，回答第13-16题13. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a lecture room.B. At a club.C. At a party.14. Why is the woman familiar with this area?A. She grew up here.B. She has studied the map.C. She often hangs out here.15
8、. What might the man major in?A. Business.B. Computer science.C. Biology.16. How did the woman deal with the bad weather?A. By going to bars.B. By going downtown.C. By watching movies.听第10段材料，回答第17-20题17. What is the function of hip hop?A. Freeing people from poverty.B. Ridding people of drug addict
9、ion.C. Helping people with emotional problems.18. Where was the report published?A. In a special newspaper.B. On the Internet.C. In a medical magazine.19. What do hip hop artists often describe in their music?A. Message of hope.B. Darkness of the world.C. Mental illness.20. What did BIGs teachers sa
10、y about him?A. He could be successful.B. He would achieve nothing.C. He promised to be a superstar.第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21. According to the rule of the game, students should give a truthful answer with the reality of their world.A. re
11、levantB. flexibleC. authenticD. consistent22. It was in the early 1990s that cartoons began to take off in China, there were only picture-story books.A. whereB. whenC. after thatD. before which23. - Its really a surprise that I happened to meet Will, my old schoolmate in the art gallery last week.-I
12、f my memory serves me right, you each other for more than a decade.A. havent seenB. hadnt seenC. didnt seeD. dont see24. As our teacher often puts it, to key universities those who will never give up halfway.A. being admitted; areB. admitting; isC. admitted; areD. to be admitted; is25. - Excuse me,
13、Id like to know more details on how the course is arranged?-Well, the course is made up of 36 two-hour , which will mainly be given in the evenings or on weekends.A. sessionsB. curriculaC. termsD. criteria26. Much to their annoyance, their car engine trouble, the young couple had to put up at a road
14、side rest area for the night.A. developedB. being developedC. having developedD. to develop27. The modern age of science and technology has witnessed an increased combination of the world, which requires us to the intention of international co-operation into action.A. translateB. innovateC. involveD
15、. classify28. The great interest in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in oursociety that all children, their conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.A. howB. whatC. whateverD. however29. To report an event responsibly, a journal
16、ist must not only make sense of earlier reports, but also his report in the long term.A. allow forB. follow upC. catch onD. switch to30. The French may not much like their young president. But they have to find anyone they like better.A. yetB. stillC. otherwiseD. nonetheless31. Dont be angry any mor
17、e. l，m sure he ignored you by accident and not .A. by chanceB. by designC. by mistakeD. by force32. Happiness is you think, what you say and what you do are in harmony.A. whatB. where whatC. when whatD. that33. -How do you find the club?-I it. Everyone is saying its management is going from bad to w
18、orse.A. couldnt have joinedB. might have joinedC. would rather not have joinedD. would like to have joined34. The newly-elected ministers should understand that with the great honor of being government officials of this nation great responsibility.A. comesB. is comingC. have comeD. will come35. - Th
19、at was rather a tough question. How did you get it right?-To tell the truth, I just .A. burnt the midnight oilB. was left to sink or swimC. played it safeD. took a shot in the dark第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分） 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。I dont know why I came to the decision to become a lo
20、ser, but I know I made the 36 at a young age. Sometime in the middle of fourth grade, I 37 trying. By the time I was in seventh grade, I was lazy, rebellious, 38 .It wasnt long after that I dropped out of school. Hard physical labor was the 39 for the choices I made as an adolescent. At the age of 2
21、1, I was 40 lost, and using drugs as a way to 41 the fact that I had no education and was 42 in a dead-end job carrying heavy construction materials up a ladder all day. 43 , now I believe in do-overs, in the chance to do it all again. And I believe that do-overs can be made at any 44 in your life,
22、if you have the right 45 . Mine came from a surprising source.It was September 21, 2002, when my son Blake was born. Its funny that after a life of 46 responsibility, now 1 was in charge of something so 47 . Over the years, as I grew into the 48 of Dad, I began to learn something about myself. In a
23、way, Blake and I were both learning to walk, talk, work and play for the first time. I began my do-over.It took me almost three years to learn how to read. I started with my sons books. 49 , I practiced reading books to him until I remembered all the words in every one of them. I began to wonder if
24、it were possible for me to go back to school. I knew I wanted to be a good role 50 , so after a year-and-a-half and a lot of hard work, I 51 my GED test on my sons fourth birthday. This may not sound like much, and Im surely not trying to get praise for doing something that should have been done 52
25、, but all things considered it was one of the best days in my life. Today, Im a full-time college student, studying to 53 sociologist.Its funny, growing up I always heard these great 54 stories of triumph over shortcomings. But I never thought they 55 to me. Now I believe its a choice anyone can mak
26、e: to do it all over again.36. A. determinationB. wishC. applicationD. choice37. A. startedB. stoppedC. consideredD. fancied38. A. skepticalB. defensiveC. disrespectfulD. suspicious39. A. consequenceB. compromiseC. compensationD. competence40. A. alternativelyB. hopelesslyC. approximatelyD. undoubte
27、dly41. A. do withB. deal withC. conflict withD. meet with42. A. struckB. stuckC. lostD. taken43. A. NeverthelessB. MeanwhileC. FurthermoreD. Therefore44. A. costB. comerC. pointD. occasion45. A. ambitionB. techniqueC. opportunityD. motivation46. A. avoidingB. preventingC. undertakingD. overcoming47.
28、 A. flexibleB. enterprisingC. fragileD. authentic48. A. nameB. statueC. titleD. career49. A. By and byB. Over and overC. Back and forwardD. Now and then50. A. modelB. leaderC. exampleD. tutor51. A. got throughB. went throughC. pull throughD. comb through52. A. for the first timeB. in the first place
29、C. at first handD. in first place53. A. becomeB. turnC. growD. make54. A. turn-aroundB. take-offC. pull-outD. turn-off55. A. appealedB. appliedC. attachedD. adapted第三部分 阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ANEW YEARSRESOLUTION THAT LASTSLets say you want to hit the gym more re
30、gularly this year. How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use.Heres how it works:A habit is a 3-step process. First, theres a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then theres a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire t
31、he behavior. Its what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own.Heres how to apply it:Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick a reward-say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally, when
32、you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you wont need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?56. Which of th
33、e following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?A. Pick a new cue.C. Choose a new reward.B. Form a new habit.D. Design a new resolution. 57. Whats the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A. To test out different kinds of cues.B. To work out the best New Years resolution.C. To moti
34、vate yourself with satisfactory rewards.D. To do something as a habit even without rewards.BAfter my pubic lectures on evolution, someone in the audience asks, “Are we still evolving?” People want to know if humans are getting taller, smarter, better looking or more athletic. My answer is truthful b
35、ut disappointing: Were almost certainly evolving, but we dont know in what direction or how fast.Weve seen some evolution in our species over the past few millennia (千年), but it was detected by reconstructing history from DNA sequences. For example, we know that during the past 10,000 years, several
36、 populations of humans those keeping sheep, cows or goats for milk gained the ability to digest dairy products. This trait was useless in our earlier ancestors who, after babyhood, never encountered milk. And in the past 3,000 years, Tibetans have acquired genetic adaptations that allowed them to de
37、velop well in their high-altitude, low-oxygen home. But these well-documented changes are limited to particular populations, so the evidence for recent evolution of our entire species, remains not much.The authors of “Evolving Ourselves” disagree. Not only, they claim, are we evolving faster than ev
38、er, but were doing it to ourselves. Juan Enriquez and Steve Gullans argue that humans have controlled evolution not just in our own species but virtually in all species: “For better or worse, we are increasingly in charge. We are the primary drivers of change. We will directly and indirectly determi
39、ne what lives, what dies, where, and when. We are in a different phase of evolution: the future of life is now in our hands.”According to the authors, weve replaced natural selection with what they call “unnatural selection.” Overfishing, for example, has reduced the average size of many fish specie
40、s, for taking the biggest fish selects in favor of those that reproduce when younger and smaller.Yet while theres no doubt that were changing the planet, the claim that were completely changing evolution on the planet does not follow. Lets take those fish that are evolving to reproduce smaller and y
41、ounger. This phenomenon has been documented in many species that we eat, but this is just a minuscule fraction (极小的一部分) of the 30,000 known species of fish.The authors speak with unwarranted assurance about how our species is evolving in response to nearly everything. When they assert, for example,
42、our ingestion (摄取) of drugs and exposure to chemicals mean that “our childrens brains are evolving fast,” they are overplaying their hand and abusing the word “evolution.” Out childrens brains may be changing fast in response to the new pharmacological (药理学的) environment, but change alone is not evo
43、lution.58. The two examples in Paragraph 2 are given to .A. show in what direction humans evolveB. explain the importance of DNA sequences C. illustrate the evidence for evolution of our entire species is insufficientD. demonstrate how slow humans have evolved over the past few millennia59. The auth
44、ors of “Evolving Ourselves” claim that .A. humans dominate the future of other lifeB. fish become smaller because of natural selectionC. humans are to blame for changing the planet for the worseD. the boundary between natural selection and unnatural selection is unfixed60. What is the major question
45、 discussed in the passage?A. Are humans still evolving?B. Is unnatural selection powerful?C. Are humans the main driver of evolution?D. Does evolution require many genetic changes?CDishonesty is a slippery slope. If you behave dishonestly once, you may become more likely to do so again in the future
46、, a new study from England showed. The reason may be that the brain grows less sensitive to self-serving dishonest behavior over time, the researcher said.In the study, the researchers asked 80 adults aged 18 to 65 to advise a second person about the amount of money in a glass jar of pennies. In sev
47、eral of the trials, conditions made sure dishonesty benefited the participants. For example, the researchers might promise the participants a higher reward if their partners overestimated the number of pennies in the jar.People s dishonesty escalated (升级) over the course of these trials. “This study
48、 is the first experimental evidence that dishonest behavior escalates,” said Neil Garrett, the lead author of the study and an experimental psychology researcher at University College London.With 25 of the participants, the researchers conducted the penny-jar experiments while a functional magnetic
49、resonance imaging (fMRI) machine scanned the persons brain. The results showed that the amygdala, a part of the brain connected to emotions, showed a marked reduction in activity in response to self-serving dishonesty over the course of the trials.In fact, researchers found that the amount of the re
50、duction in the amygdalas activity for each trial could predict the amount that the participants dishonesty would increase by in the next trial: The more the amygdalas activity reduces during one trial, the bigger the lie would be the next time. “It is likely that brains blunted response to repeated
51、acts of dishonesty reflects a reduced emotional response to these acts,” Garrett said.The study also offers support for the idea that the activity in the amygdala “signals aversion (厌恶) to acts that we consider wrong or immoral,” Garrett said. In other words, whenever a person lies for personal gain
52、, the amygdala produces a negative feeling that helps control that act-but the more often a person lies, the more the response fades, leading to a slippery slope that may encourage an escalation of dishonest behavior.People in the study actually lied the most when their lies benefited both them and
53、their partners. “This may be because it is easier to rationalize these lies,” said Tail Sharot, the senior author of the study and an associate professor of cognitive neuroscience at University College London. In this condition, the amygdala did not show the same response pattern as when people lied
54、 simply to benefit themselves.Interestingly, though, the researchers found that study participants never lied as much as they could have. Participants estimates of the value of the coins in the jar were always significantly lower than the ceiling, meaning that the individuals “always had an opportun
55、ity to lie more than they actually did,” the paper said. Sharot explained that people usually lie by just a little bit, perhaps so they can still hold a relatively positive perception of themselves.“Still, the results may have important implications for other types of decision-making, such as risk-t
56、aking or violent behavior,” the researchers said. “The results show the possible dangers of regular engagement in small acts of dishonesty, risks that are frequently observed in fields ranging from business to politics and law enforcement,” the scientists wrote in their findings. “The study suggests
57、 that repeated small lies may pave the way for larger lies over time,” the researchers said.61. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Dishonesty can change a person as time goes on.B. Dishonesty makes a persons brain less sensitive.C. Dishonesty makes a person tend to feel ashamed
58、.D. Dishonesty may lead to more dishonest behavior.62. According to the study, lies easily occur when .A. lies benefit those who tell liesB. people have been lied toC. people have no choice but to lieD. both sides benefit from these lies63. It can be inferred that the study in the passage .A. makes
59、no senseB. is not reliableC. is very significantD. is quite comprehensive64. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Lies develop more liesB. Dishonesty is bad mannersC. The brain is used dishonestlyD. The brain is less sensitive to liesDLaws and MoralityAll laws, whether prescriptive (约定俗成
60、的) or prohibitive, legislate morality. All laws, regardless of their content or their intent, arise from a system of values, from a belief that some things are right and others wrong, that some things are good and others bad, and that some things are better and others worse. In the formulation and e
61、nforcement (实施) of law, the question is never whether or not morality will be legislated, but which one. That question is fundamentally important because not all systems of morality are equal. Some are wise, but others are foolish. For better or worse, every piece of legislation touches directly or
62、indirectly on moral issues, or is based on moral judgments and evaluations concerning what we want or believe ought to be, and what we ought to produce and preserve.Sometimes those who resist legislating morality do so not because they object to the morality being legislated, but because they value
63、freedom and wish to defend it. They do not seem to understand, however, that their allegedly (宣称地) morals-free proposals will be the death of the freedom they value, not its protection. Without the guidance and constraint of morally informed laws, liberty degenerates (退化) into mere license, which is
64、 not the same as political freedom. One simply cannot reject moral authority and yet live in an orderly world. When a people banish morality from the public square, they give birth to an outlaw culture, not to freedom. Because human nature is what it is, without great volumes of enforceable laws, po
65、litical freedom is short-lived, and finally impossible.Almost no one in the South today argues that slavery is moral, even though many of their great-grandparents thought it was and, as a result, owned other human beings as property. What stands between todays southern Americans and their slave-owni
66、ng ancestors is morals-based laws, specifically the Civil Rights laws of the mid-twentieth century, all of which helped radically to reshape the behavior and beliefs of those who grew up in their wake. Similarly, before prohibition the average annual consumption of alcohol in America was nearly thre
67、e gallons per person. After prohibition that number fell to slightly less than one gallon.While legislating morality is an inevitability, I am not saying all sins ought to be made crimes. No government could effectively enforce laws against so-called “white lies”, even though such activities are sin
68、ful.We are not born into the world as good and competent citizens. The civic virtues and public responsibilities that define good citizenship must be acquired. They need to be learned. In that sense, we all enter this world unequipped by natural endowment for effective citizenship and self-governmen
69、t. This is why one of the oldest political insights available to us is that we are always only one generation from barbarism. Every newly born generation needs to be civilized, or culturally housebroken. Those necessary but unnatural social skills and civic virtues require nurture and guidance for t
70、heir growth even for their existence. Consequently, moral education is a prerequisite (必备条件) for a sound and flourishing civil society.Laws divorced from morality cannot accomplish that task. Instead, morals-free laws teach the citizens that moral conduct is not necessary, either for their own happi
71、ness or for the establishment and continuation of a good society and civil order. Perhaps an analogy (类比) will serve to clarify the point: computer programmers employ the acronym “gigo,” derived from the first letters of the words “garbage in, garbage out,” a phrase warning those programmers that no
72、 bad program yields (产生) good results.65. Whats the authors understanding of the relationship between laws and morality?A. Morality varies with laws.B. Laws are based on morality.C. Laws are superior to morality.D. Morality arises from the practice of laws.66. According to the passage, political fre
73、edom can be maintained by .A. creating an outlaw cultureB. supporting morals-free proposalsC. praising the nature of human beingsD. enforcing morally informed laws67. The author mentioned the examples of “slavery” and “alcohol” to prove that .A. laws can force people to behave in a particular wayB.
74、people used to misunderstand the meaning of moralsC. moral standards have been changing since ancient timesD. people addicted to alcohol are more likely to challenge morals68. Whats the authors attitude towards so-called “white lies”？A. Critical.B. Indifferent.C. Tolerant.D. Cautious.69. The underli
75、ned word “barbarism” in the last but one paragraph probably means “ ”A. an absolutely new insightB. an advanced civilizationC. a well-regulated societyD. an uncivilized and rude state70. The author uses the words “garbage in, garbage out” to show that .A. some social systems can be easily abandonedB
76、. a society with bad laws turns out to be a bad oneC. citizens are responsible for building a good societyD. establishing a harmonious society is really difficult第II卷（非选择题，共35分）第四部分 任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。The most common use of intelligence test
77、scores is to predict degree of academic success. Such scores are used in some communities as bases for admitting able children to schools at ages younger than normal, and they are very generally used to determine admissions to schools beyond public secondary school. Another use common in elementary
78、schools involves comparing such scores with performances in various subjects to identify children who are working below capacity.The greatest problem in using intelligence tests for the purpose of prediction is that no dependable criterion of their accuracy exists. The ideal criteria would be object
79、ive and reliable achievement tests following instructions in each subject, but there are few such tests, especially at the college level. Studies have shown that correlations (相关性) between intelligence tests and achievement tests in various subjects through secondary school range roughly from 0.5 to
80、 0.8. Such correlations are fairly high, but they do not suggest anywhere near complete agreement.At the college level there are two major tests used as criteria of admission. By far the more important is the College Entrance Examination, constructed by the Educational Testing Service authorized by
81、the College Entrance Examination Board. These tests are returned to the Educational Testing Service for scoring, and the results are then made available to the various colleges authorized by the students to receive them. The second test of this type is the American College Test, which operates in es
82、sentially the same fashion.Both tests constitute (组成) measures of certain skills, abilities, and knowledge that have been found to be related to success in college. Their correlations with academic success are limited for three outstanding reasons. First, measures of achievement in college arc thems
83、elves perhaps no more reliable than those in elementary and secondary schools. Second, academic success is determined by many other factors apart from intellectual ones, especially at the college level. Many students drop out of school because they are inadequately motivated or because they dislike
84、the instructional programme. Third, correlations are lowered because the use of such tests for denying admission to some students means that the range of scores for those admitted is restricted, and there is a tendency that such restrictions may reduce correlations.Commonuses of intelligence test sc
85、ores To tell in (71) the degree of academic success. To help admit children with outstanding ability to school at the age younger than ordinary. To find out children with (72) ability in primary school than average.(73) with intelligence tests Ideal criteria for objective and reliable achievement te
86、sts in college courses are (74) to find. Correlations between intelligence tests and achievement tests are fairly high but not (75) in agreement.Two major tests at the college level CEE ACT Both tests are scored by the Educational Testing Service. The (76) of the College Entrance Examination will be
87、 sent to the colleges that the students choose. The correlations with academic success are limited for three reasons as (77) : Measures of college achievement are as (78) as those in primary and middle schools. Intellectual factors (79) can not determine academic success. Admission restricted by suc
88、h tests (80) to reduce correlations.第五部分 书面表达（满分25分）请阅读下面短文及图画，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。On a sunny day a shepherd (牧羊人) walked with his two hungry sheep along a winding country path. He managed to have them two tied to each other just in case they should go separated. It was quite a long time before the
89、y arrived at a place where there was merely a small amount of fresh grass on each side of the path. Both of the sheep were so hungry that they hurried to the grass but in the separate direction as the picture showed. Unfortunately the rope fastening them was not long enough. No matter how hard they
90、struggled, neither was able to reach the grass in front of them.The shepherd was about to help them when he was surprised to find that one of them should voluntarily abandon the struggle, and went along with the other. Consequently, together the two sheep enjoyed the fresh grass on one side happily,
91、 and then the grass on the other.【写作内容】1.用约30个单词概述上面这则寓言的主要内容。2.约120个单词就此则寓言谈谈你的想法，内容包括：（1）从这则寓言中，你获得了哪些启示？（2）结合该寓言给你的启示，谈谈你在生活中是如何做的。【写作要求】1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称：3.不必写标题。江苏省前黄高级中学、如东高级中学、姜堰中学等五校2018届高三上学期第一次学情监测英语试题答案120 CABAB CBBAB CBAAC CCCAB2135 DDBCA CACBA BCCAD3655 DBCAB BBACD AC
92、CBA ABBAB5670 CD CAC DDCA BDACDB71. advance 72. lower/less/weaker/poorer 73. Problems 74. hard/difficult75. totally/completely 76. results 77. follows 78. unreliable 79. alone 80. tendPossible version:The fable shares with readers a story about two sheep, both of whom choose cooperation rather than
93、competition in order to have access to the fresh grass of different sides.As a matter of fact, the fable mirrors that different attitudes may bring about different results. As an old saying goes, union means power. A chopstick breaks easily, while a bunch of them does not. Cooperation is therefore t
94、he best policy in any case because it can lead to a win-win situation, where both sides can gain benefit by virtue of joint efforts.In my daily life, I often cooperate with my classmates when playing basketball, taking part in running races or going in for community-service activities. I learn a lot from my classmates and friends by following their advice. Meanwhile, I also do my part to help them in return. It is teamwork that helps us secure numerous victories.