1、北京市第四十三中学2021届高三英语上学期1月月考试题本试卷共 11 页, 共 100 分 考试时长 90 分钟 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上, 在试卷上作答无效第一部分: 知识运用 (共两节, 45 分)第一节 语法填空 (共 10 小题; 每小题 1.5 分, 共 15 分)阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 A Most of us claim we dont have time for exercise. However, many experts say that exercise plays
2、 an important role in making our body healthy. Being 1 (physical) active offers many advantages. As a physical reward, exercise can reduce weight and the risk of heart disease. Exercise also 2 (bring) good effects mentally. It can make us feel refreshed and happy, helping us increase our life qualit
3、y. Actually, exercise can be done in simple 3 (way). For example, we can take the stairs rather than the lift. Overall, its hard to find time to exercise in our busy lives, but every little bit helps.BIts a popular belief that fish cant remember anything 4 longer than seven seconds. It may seem sad
4、to think that they dont remember what theyve eaten or where theyve been. But a recent study 5 (find) that a kind of fish called African cichlids can remember events from as long as 12 days ago. Researchers trained the fish to go to a certain area of their tank 6 (get)food. They then waited for 12 da
5、ys before 7 (put) them back in the tank again. With the help of computer software, they found the fish still went to the same place where they first got food.C In April 2017, two giant pandas from Chin arrived at a zoo in the Netherlands. There, they 8 (welcome) to the Chinesestyle compound where th
6、ey were to live. On May 30, after the preparations were complete, the day finally came 9 the pandas met their fans for the first time. People were excited because 10 zoo is the only place in the country where it is possible to see pandas. In fact, the last time there were pandas in the Netherlands w
7、as in 1987.第二节 完形填空 (共 20 小题; 每小题 1.5 分, 共 30 分)阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的 A B C D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑Pam Bales, an experienced hiker, stepped onto snowcovered Jewell Trail. The hike up the lower part of Jewell was 11 . But less than an hour later, the weather was showing its teeth. Bales began to
8、 think about calling it a day. Then she noticed something: a single set of 12 in the snow ahead of her. Shed been 13 unclear tracks all day and hadnt given them much 14 , because so many people climb Jewell Trail. But these, as a volunteer of the Valley Search and Rescue Team, she 15 , had been made
9、 by a pair of sneakers, which was surely not for this kind of trail. Strong wind screamed, and 16 was just hours away. If Bales continued to follow the tracks, shed add 17 to the journey. But the tracks ahead meant someone might be in 18 . She could not let this go. She silently scolded the absent h
10、iker for 19 normal safety rules and struggled to walk carefully in the direction of the 20 .After about 20 to 30 yards, she rounded a corner and saw a man sitting motionless. He wore tennis sneakers and a light jacket. She checked him for any sign of 21 . There was none. Bales had been trained in se
11、arch and rescue and knew that he was hypothermic (体温过低的)and would 22 soon if he didnt get out of there. The man said he had lost his way and was extremely 23 . Bales brought a pair of softshell pants, a winter hat, and a jacket from her pack. She helped the man 24 the warm, dry layers onto his body
12、and offered him some hot cocoa. 25 he stood. She offered continuous encouragement“ Keep going! Youre doing great.” Just before 6 p.m., they arrived at the trailhead very 26 . Her climb up to the spot where she 27 the man had taken about four hours. Two hours had passed since then.A week later, the p
13、resident of Bales rescue group received a letter in the mail. It read: “On Sunday October17, I went up my trail, Jewell. 28 was to be bad. But without thinking too much I was dressed to go quickly. Next thing I knew this lady was talking to me, changing my clothes, making me warmer. She just kept 29
14、 me. Finally, I learned her name was Pam. The entire time she treated me with compassion (同情心), confidence, and one hundred percent commitment”In the nine years since she saved John, Bales has become something of a hiking legend (传奇人物). Its a(n) 30 she never sought or wanted, but one she certainly h
15、as earned.11. A. long B. boringC. pleasantD. unforgettable12. A. clothesB. toolsC. glovesD. footprints13. A. recordingB. followingC. coveringD. leaving14. A. responseB. expectationC. thoughtD. hope15. A. realizedB. suggestedC. admittedD. remembered16. A. successB. darknessC. freedomD. disaster17. A.
16、 informationB. interestC. riskD. pain18. A. troubleB. controlC. doubtD. touch19. A. knowingB. makingC. judgingD. breaking20. A. windB. tracksC. soundD. hikers21. A. powerB. lifeC. injuryD. loss22. A. recoverB. escapeC. wakeD. die23. A. coldB. starvingC. sleepyD. concerned24. A. pickB. pullC. bringD.
17、 carry25. A. UnwillinglyB. NervouslyC. ImmediatelyD. Slowly26. A. tiredB. stressedC. upsetD. scared27. A. treatedB. observedC. locatedD. protected28. A. ChanceB. SightC. HealthD. Weather29. A. praisingB. encouragingC. excusingD. instructing30. A. titleB. fortuneC. opportunityD. option第二部分: 阅读理解 (共两节
18、, 40 分)第一节 (共 15 小题; 每小题 2 分, 共 30 分)阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A B C D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑AMost Helpful Apps for StudentsTheres almost an app for everything nowadays, and this can make student life easier, cheaper, safer and more fun. Whether you want help with taking notes, revising, waking up on time
19、or keeping fit, read on for our student app picks.Lecture recording appsJust a few years ago, students attending lectures would have to spend the entire time writing wildly on notepads, in order not to miss any vital bit of information. Then along came technology, and now, lecture recording apps are
20、 a reality.Sound Note is a popular lecture recording app for iPad users. You can store an entire lecture in both visual and audio form. Other good quality lecture recording apps include Notes Plus and Audio Memos FreeThe Voice Recorder.Student planner appsOrganization is key for success and wellbein
21、g at university, and student planner apps are becoming increasingly popular. As well as saving on paper, many student planner apps also send reminders and warnings straight to your phone or device. Popular student planner apps include Timetable, My Class Schedule and Class Timetable.Student safety a
22、ppsA number of apps for students have been developed promoting personal safety if out alone at night. The Circle of Six app is particularly useful for locating lost friends on nights out and also allows users to send their circle of six friends an instant call for help at the touch of a button. The
23、GPS tracker will mark your location on your friendsdevices, ensuring youll always be able to find one another if necessary. Other student apps that promote safety include bSafe and React Mobile.Healthy eating appsIf youre interested in eating healthily while keeping to a student budget, consider dow
24、nloading a few healthy eating apps. Examples Ive come across which are perfect apps for students include Rockin Ramen, a student app featuring a number of nutritious recipes with Ramen as a main ingredient, and MealBoard, an app which plans healthy meals, grocery shops and recipes based on what youv
25、e got in the fridge.31. Which apps send reminders to users?A. Student planner apps. B. Lecture recording apps.C. Student safety apps. D. Healthy eating apps.32. What can we learn about the Circle of Six app?A. It allows users to seek help during an emergency.B. It encourages users to communicate wit
26、h friends.C. It enables users to store an entire lecture.D. It helps users to lead a healthy life.33. The main purpose of the passage is to .A. categorize appsB. introduce apps C. evaluate appsD. compare appsBJeremy Locke, who owns a roofing and construction company in Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, had al
27、ways been wanting to repair the roof of Jeanette MacDonalds home. Whenever he drove past the womans home, he assumed that the roof was under repair because the job had already been taken on by another group of repairmenbut as the weeks wore on, the roof continued to worsen without any signs of repai
28、r.“I had it in my mind that if no one steps up to help this lady in our community, Id be more than happy to,” Locke told CBC.When Locke finally reached out to MacDonald about fixing her roof for free, however, she politely declined his offer because she did not like to accept charity. That being sai
29、d, she had already applied for a government grant (补助金) to fix the roof and she said she was more than happy to hire Locke once her grant application was approved.Unfortunately, MacDonald never received the approval.As the stubborn (固执的) Canadian senior refused to accept any assistance from Locke, t
30、he sympathetic construction worker played an innocent trick in order to get her to accept his help. He invited MacDonald to enter a raffle (抽奖活动) that his business was holding for a free roof. After the grandmotheroffour accepted one of the raffle tickets, Locke told her that she was the winnerbecau
31、se she was the only one who had entered the raffle.Thanks to his sweet little plan, Locke and his crew are starting work on the roof this week, which is expected to cost his company about $9,000.MacDonald, meanwhile, told CBC that she doesnt know how to express her gratitude to Locke, saying that he
32、 is her “guardian angel”.“Theres nobody out there like him,” she added.34. What did Locke desire to do for MacDonald?A. Repair her roof.B. Find a repairman.C. Run a charity.D. Raise money.35. Why did MacDonald refuse Lockes offer initially?A. She didnt trust him.B. She had won a raffle.C. She didnt
33、like free help.D. She had got an official grant.36. How did Locke finally make MacDonald change her mind?A. He persuaded her to give up her application.B. He invited her to enter his business.C. He gave her about $9,000.D. He told her a white lie.37. Which of the following words best describe Locke?
34、A. Stubborn and tricky.B. Wealthy and innocent.C. Determined and warmhearted.D. Different and ambitious.CWhat is the most meaningless thing every Texan will do at the same time this weekend?You guessed it. We will “fall back” when our clocks are set backward one hour inobservance of daylight saving
35、time.This strange practice has an interesting history. In 1784, Benjamin Franklin published acritical essay in a French newspaper suggesting that Parisians could save $200 million through “the economy of using sunshine instead of candles”. Therefore, many people owe the origin of the idea of dayligh
36、t saving time to our Founding Fathers writings. In the United States, the clock changing practice began just over 100 years ago, in 1918, when Congress decided to control time by passing the Standard Time Act to save energy and create time zones. Back then, coal was our top energy source and ensurin
37、g that Americans had more daylight working hours made sense.In 2008, the U.S. Department of Energy assessed the effect of observing daylight saving time on national energy consumption. It found that resetting our clocks amounts to a reduction in our total energy consumption of 0.02%. The study also
38、determined that sticking with one time could actually save about 0.5% of electricity per day nationwide. Apart from this, the risk of heart attack increases 10% in the days following springing forward, most likely caused by the interruption of biological rhythms. Studies also indicate we are more li
39、kely to get sick, we are less productive, and frankly we are just exhausted directly following the time change.It is hard to explain why we still change our clocks. Perhaps it is due to special interests. Congress passed the Energy Act of 2005, which extended the length of daylight saving time an ex
40、tra week in the fall, in large part due to an effort by candy producers to allow for an additional daylight hour on the night of Halloween for trickortreating.This May, we sought to end this ancient practice. It would have allowed Texans to vote whether to stay on standard time yearround or daylight
41、 saving time yearround. Our proposal passed the House (众议院) 1339. Sadly, once the bill reached the Senate (参议院), it was never referred to a committee. The proposal died in the Senate without even a word spoken about it on the floor.Im moving forward with plans to file the legislation (立法) again in 2
42、021. I urge you to contact your state legislators to move this legislation forward so that this weekend will be one of the last times we have to “fall back.”38. The possible origin of the idea of daylight saving time is .A. the ancient legal actB. the influence of other countriesC. the need for time
43、 zonesD. the advice from a famous politician39. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A. The reasons for health problems.B. The downsides of setting clocks back.C. The changes in energy consumption.D. The solutions to electricity shortages.40. It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that .
44、A. daylight saving time will last for another two yearsB. the author will continue what he has been doingC. Texans voted for standard time yearroundD. state legislators are for the proposal41. The passage aims to .A. analyze the practice of daylight saving timeB. explain the consequences of daylight
45、 saving timeC. convince people of the necessity of daylight saving timeD. persuade people to make efforts to stop daylight saving timeDAccording to a new study, teens focus on rewards and have a hard time learning to avoid punishment or consider the consequences of alternative actions.University Col
46、lege London researchers compared how teens and adults learn to make choices based on the available information. They tracked the way in which 18 volunteers aged 1217 and 20 volunteers aged 1832 completed tasks in which they had to choose between abstract symbols.Each symbol was consistently associat
47、ed with a fixed chance of a reward, punishment, or no outcome. As the trial progressed, participants learned which symbols were likely to lead to each outcome and adjusted their choices accordingly. Teens and adults were equally good at learning to choose symbols associated with reward, but teens we
48、re less good at avoiding symbols associated with punishment. Adults also performed significantly better when they were told what would have happened if they had chosen the other symbol after each choice, while teens did not appear to take this information into account.“From this experimental lab stu
49、dy we can draw conclusions about learning during the teen years. We find that teens and adults learn in different ways, something that might be relevant to education,” said lead author Dr. Stefano Palminteri. “ Unlike adults, teens are not so good at learning to adjust their choices to avoid punishm
50、ent. This suggests that incentive systems based on reward rather than punishment may be more effective for this age group. Additionally, we found that teens did not learn from being shown what would have happened if they made alternative choices.”To interpret the results, the researchers developed c
51、omputational models of learning and ran simulations (模拟) applying them to the results of the study. The first was a simple model, one that learned from rewards, and the second model added to this by also learning from the option that was not chosen. The third model was the most complete and took the
52、 full context into account, with equal weight given to punishment avoidance and reward seeking. For example, obtaining no outcome rather than losing a point is weighted equally to gaining a point rather than having no outcome.Comparing the experimental data to the models, the team found that teens b
53、ehavior followed the simple rewardbased model while adultsbehavior matched the complete, contextual model. “Our study suggests that teens are more receptive to rewards than they are to punishments of equal value,” said senior author Dr. SarahJayne Blakemore. “As a result, it may be useful for parent
54、s and teachers to frame things in more positive terms.”42. It can be learned from the study that .A. adults made choices faster than teensB. adults understood rewards better than teensC. teens reacted better to reward than punishmentD. teens were aware of the outcome of each choice43. What do we kno
55、w about the three computational models?A. They reflected peoples strong desire for punishment avoidance.B. They gave circumstances different degrees of consideration.C. They paid equal attention to reward and punishment.D. They shaped the behavior of people at different ages.44. The underlined word
56、“receptive” in the last paragraph probably means .A. accustomedB. opposedC. sympatheticD. responsive45. According to the writer, which of the following statements works best for teens?A. “If you insist on doing things in this way, you will lose ten points.”B. “If we had talked about this earlier, yo
57、u wouldnt have made the mistake.”C. “If you hand in your assignment ahead of time, you will get an extra bonus.”D. “If you want to approach a problem differently, you can talk to your parents.”第二节 (共 5 小题; 每小题 2 分, 共 10 分)根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选项PloggingPlogging is a new way to jo
58、g while cleaning up the planet. Its a craze that began in Sweden in 2016 and the motivation behind it includes reducing the load of plastic litter in our environment, as well as keeping fit while running. 46 If you love outdoor exercise, enjoy exercising with others, and care about removing litter f
59、rom our environment, then this might just be the sport for you.Make good preparations before plogging. Dress suitably for the environment in which you are running. This will vary depending on the weather and surroundings, but the basics are comfortable running clothes and closedtoe running shoes. Su
60、itable gloves are a wise and useful addition, as picking up litter can be dangerous in some situations. 47 This might be a standard trash bag, easy to carry and capable of containing litter that might have sharp edges.Organize your plogging group. If youre lucky enough to have ploggers already in yo
61、ur area, seek them out. Join up and make new friends with a shared interest. Check out such meeting groups at Meetup or ask at a local sports store to find out what opportunities exist where you live. If you dont have a group, create one. Use social media, notices on bulletin boards, or place signs
62、in the windows of sports stores to find fellow ploggers. 48 Collect safely. One key suggestion for staying safe while collecting litter is to avoid picking up broken glass or sharp items. If you must collect such an item, only do so when you can find a very safe way to collect it without harming you
63、rself. If in doubt, leave it and get better equipment to remove it. 49 If an item of litter presents a potential safety risk, try to mark the item clearly to encourage people to avoid it. 50 It is a way of combining individual achievement via exercise with community and environmental care. Youre par
64、t of the growing movement of people who are giving back to the world at the same time as honoring self care, a sustainable and healthy way to balance your life. This could be a fantastic opportunity to show people that individual action makes a big difference.A. Taking some photos during the process
65、 is also necessary.B. You can also ask for assistance from the local authorities.C. Usually performed as part of a group run, its also a social exercise. D. You also need to find a suitable carry bag for collecting the litter in.E. Plogging is a great way to feel motivated as it has more than one be
66、nefit.F. If you find a natural area with litter problem, this might be a suitable place.G. With some advertising effort, you are likely to connect with a few interested people.第三部分: 书面表达 (15分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华 你的英国朋友 Jim 给你发邮件询问为什么北京能举办 2022 年冬季奥运会 请根据下列要求, 给他回复邮件, 内容包括:1. 北京可以举办冬季奥运会的条件;2. 邀请他届时来北京注意:
67、 1. 词数不少于 50;2. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数提示词: 冬奥会 Winter OlympicsDear Jim,Yours,Li Hua答案:第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分） 第一节 语法填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）1physically2brings3ways4for5has foundfindsfound6to get7putting8were welcomed9when 10the 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）11C12D13B14C 15A 16B17C 18A19D20B21C22D 23A 24B 25D26A27C
68、28D29B30A第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）31A32A33B34A35C36D37C38D39B40B41D42C43B44D 45C第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）46C 47D 48G 49B 50EDear Jim, Im glad to receive your email. As to why Beijing is the perfect city for the 2022 Winter Olympics, here are some reasons. Beijing has the favorable natural c
69、onditions for winter sports because the temperature remains below zero for most of January and February. Yanqing, the northwest suburban area, is a paradise for winter sports lovers. Moreover, as Beijing has hosted a variety of international games, it wont be too difficult to hold another major spor
70、ting event here. As we speak, stadiums and facilities are being renovated so as to meet the required standards. As for people, there are many lovers of skiing and skating here. Every weekend, the ski resorts in the suburbs are full of people who enjoy themselves in the snow. Whats more, hospitable citizens and dedicated volunteers will surely make the Winter Olympics a success. You should definitely come and experience the special spirit that China will bring to the Winter Games. So do come in 2022 and give me a chance to show you the charm of Beijing in winter.Yours,Li Hua