1、2014届牛津高三英语二轮复习语法专题专题3状语从句一语法概念巧掌握：（一）概念状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。 现分别列举如下:1、时间状语从句常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the s
2、econd, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely whenI didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.No soo
3、ner had I arrived home than it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.2、地点状语从句常用引导词:where特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3、原因状语从句常用引导词:because, since, as, for特殊引导
4、词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, as much as, so much asMy friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to ear
5、n more.Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.4、目的状语从句常用引导词:so that, in order that特殊引导词:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatThe boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could s
6、ign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.5、结果状语从句常用引导词:so that, so that, such that,特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,He got up so early that he caught the first bus.Its such a good chance that
7、we must not miss it.To such an degree was he excited that he couldnt sleep last night.6、条件状语从句常用引导词:if, unless,特殊引导词:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition thatWell start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you
8、keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7、让步状语从句常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词: as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter , in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverMuch as I respect
9、him, I cant agree to his proposal.尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意他的建议。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.He wont listen whatever you may say.8、比较状语从句常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词:the more the more ; just as , so; A is to
10、 B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as BShe is as bad-tempered as her mother.The house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。9、方式状语从句常用引导词:as, as if, how特殊引导词:the wayWhen in Rome, do as the R
11、oman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.10.状语从句的简化状语从句的省略状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如：When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .Hell go to the seas
12、ide for his holiday if (it is ) possible.另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如：Im taller than he (is tall ).The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行简化。状语从句的简化现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解。状语从句的简化现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;由although, though, ev
13、en if / though等引导的让步状语从句;由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。例如:If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。You must attend the meeting unless (it is) incon
14、venient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:a.连词+形容词As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。b.连词+名词While (he was) a you
15、ng boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提时代就乐于助人。Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位著名的导演了。c.连词+现在分词As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no g
16、ood marks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。d.连词+过去分词He wont go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。e.连词+不定式He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。He wouldnt solve the problem even if (he were) to
17、 take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。f.连词+介词短语She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就懂英语了。注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。二解题方法灵活用解题方法或策略：1全面了解状语从句的知识，熟悉每个连接词的语义和用法，同时了解个别连接词的多种意思。(1)as,since等连接词的用
18、法比较灵活，既可以引导时间状语从句，又可以引导原因状语从句。例1 “You cant have this foot-ball backyou promise not to kick it at my cat again,”the old man said firmly.AbecauseBsinceCwhenDwhere解析：本题的主句意为“你不能把足球拿回去”，从句意为“你答应过不再用足球踢我的猫”。根据其逻辑，从句为原因状语从句，答案应为B(since在此处意为“既然”，而不是“自从”)。(2)注意before,until,unless等连接词的英语原意与符合中文习惯的表达方式之间的差距。例
19、2 The American Civil War lasted four yearsthe North won in the end.AafterBbeforeCwhenDthen解析：本题的主句意为“美国内战持续了4年”，从句意为“北方最后取得了胜利”。根据其逻辑，整个句子意为“美国内战持续了4年，北方才最后取得了胜利”，故答案为B(before在此处意为“才”，而不是“在之前”)。2解题时，要分清状语从句与其主句之间的关系，正确理解整个句子的逻辑，才能选出正确的答案。例3 Did Jack come back ear-ly last night?Yes.It was not yet eig
20、ht o-clockhe arrived home.AbeforeBwhenCthatDuntil解析：本_题是一段时话。根据“Yes”的回答，可得知Jack很早就回家了，即“Jack回家的时候还不到8点钟”，答案为B。例4 You must keep on workingin the eveningyou are sure you can finish the task in time.AasBifCwhenDunless解析：本题前一个句子要求“晚上继续工作”，后一个句子意为“确信能按时完成任务”。按照本题的逻辑，可知句意为“你们晚上必须继续工作除非你们确信能按时完成任务”，故答案为D。3
21、学会区分意思相近的连接词和拼写相似的连接词。在同类状语从句中，有一些连接词的意义和用法很接近。如引导时间状语从句的when/as/while，都有“当时候”的意思，但在表示“随着”的意思时只能用as，表示“突然”时要用when，表示“正当”时一定要用while。引导原因状语从句的because/as/since都有“因为”的意思；引导让步状语从句的although/though/as意思都为“虽然，尽管”；no matter/whatev-er/however意思都为“无论，不管”。同学们一定要学会分辨其中的细微差别，否则解题时很容易犯错。此外，像if和even if, though和as t
22、hough,as long as和as far 这几组连接词看似相似，实际上其意各不相同，被用来引导不同的状语从句。例5Allow children the space tovoice their opinions，they are dif-ferent form your own.AuntilBeven ifCunlessDas though解析：本题考查让步状语从句的连接词。根据句子的逻辑，可得知句意为“即使孩子们的观点与你的一样，也要让他们说出来”。even if意为“即使”故答案为B。例6He tried his best to solve the problem,difficult
23、it was.AhoweverBno matterCwhateverDalthough解析：本题提供的四个选项都可以引导状语从名。从句子的语序来看，由于although引导的从句没有倒装现象，可以先排除D。A、B、C三个选项都有“无论、不管”的意思：however意为“无论怎样”，no matter意为“无论”，whatever意为“无论什么”。整个句子意为“无论问题怎样困难，他还是尽力解决”，故答案为A。三高考真题大演练：1In the global economy，a new drug for cancer，_it is discovered，will create many econom
24、ic possibilities around the world.(2013江苏，28)Awhatever BwhoeverCwherever Dwhichever2Ones life has value_one brings value to the life of others.(2012江苏，30)Aso that Bno matter howCas long as Dexcept that3I took my driving license with me on holiday，_I wanted to hire a car.(2013北京，30)Ain case Beven ifC
25、ever since Dif only4One can always manage to do more things，no matter_full ones schedule is in life.(2013辽宁，24)Ahow BwhatCwhen Dwhere5You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason_you reach any decision.(2013湖南，23)Aalthough BbeforeCbecause Dunless6Mark needs to learn Chinese_his company is
26、 opening a branch in Beijing.(2013山东，26)Aunless BuntilCalthough Dsince7She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves.(2013江西，28)Aif BunlessCafter Dwhen8I was glad to meet Jenny again，_ I didnt want to spend all day with her.(2013大纲全国，23)Abut BandCso Dor9Dont turn off the computer be
27、fore closing all programs，_ you could have problems.(2013北京，22)Aor BandCbut Dso10Its not easy to change habits，_ with awareness and selfcontrol，it is possible.(2013重庆，23)Afor BorCbut Dso11I dont believe weve met before，_I must say you do look familiar.(2012新课标全国，25)Atherefore BalthoughCsince Dunless
28、12He smiled politely _ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.(2012山东，27)Aas BifCunless Dthough13Everything was placed exactly_he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.(2012天津，14)Awhile BwhenCwhere Dthough14_hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.(2012湖南
29、，32)AHowever BWhateverCWhichever DWhenever15Coach，can I continue with the training?Sorry，you cant_you havent recovered from the knee injury.(2012重庆，30)Auntil BbeforeCas Dunless16I had hardly got to the office_my wife phoned me to go back home at once.(2012大纲全国，11)Awhen BthanCuntil Dafter17At school，
30、some students are active _ some are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another.(2012四川，4)Awhile BalthoughCso Das18Jack wasnt saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him_he had done something very clever.(2011湖南，33)Aas if Bin caseCwhile Dthough19Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting
31、this afternoon，or_it is convenient to you.(2011江西，29)Awhenever BhoweverCwhichever Dwherever20_ all of them are strong candidates，only one will be chosen for the post.(2011陕西，19)ASince BWhileCIf DAs【答案及解析】：1答案C解析句意为：在全球经济中，无论在哪儿发现一种治疗癌症的新药，这都会在全球产生很多经济方面的可能性。whatever无论什么；whoever无论是谁； wherever无论在哪；whi
32、chever无论哪一个。2答案C解析句意为：只要一个人给别人的生活带来价值，那么他的生命就有价值。根据句意，应选C项。as long as只要，用于引导条件状语从句；so that以便；因此，用于引导目的或结果状语从句；no matter how不管怎样，用于引导让步状语从句；except that除之外，表示排除。3答案A解析考查状语从句引导词的辨析。句意为：我随身带了驾照去度假，以备我租车用。in case万一，以防；even if即使；ever since自从以来；if only要是就好了。故选A项。4答案A解析考查状语从句。句意为：一个人总是可以设法做更多的事，不管他生活中的日程安排得
33、多满。空格后的形容词full决定用副词how。5答案B解析考查状语从句引导词的辨析。句意为：你必须学会在做任何决定之前都考虑兼顾好情感与理智。根据常识可知在做决定之前应该三思，而兼顾好情感与理智是行事的前提。 6答案D解析考查状语从句原因状语从句。根据题意，前后之间为因果关系，因为要开分公司，所以需要学习汉语。答案选D。 7答案B解析本题考查状语从句的引导词。句意为：她说，除非生意好转，否则她只能关掉店铺。if如果；unless除非，如果不；after在之后；when当的时候。根据句意，B项符合题意。8答案A解析句意为：我很高兴再次见到詹妮，但是我不想整天和她待在一起。根据前面的glad以及后
34、半部分中的didnt want to spend all day with her可知前后部分为转折关系，所以选A项。9答案A解析考查连词用法。句意为：关闭所有程序后再关电脑，否则会有麻烦的。or否则，要不然，用于警告或忠告。10答案C解析 考查连词。句意为：改变习惯不容易，但是如果有了想改变的意识和自控力，(改变习惯)也是可能的。前后句之间为转折关系，故选C项。11答案B解析“我认为我们以前没有见过面”，正常情况下下文应该是看上去不面熟，但本题中下文说看上去面熟，由此可以看出应选B项，although引导让步状语从句。句意为：我相信我们以前没有见过面，不过我必须说你看上去的确很面熟。12答案
35、A解析句意为：当玛丽因她醉酒的朋友向他道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。if如果，引导条件状语从句；unless除非，引导条件状语从句；though虽然，尽管，引导让步状语从句。as可引导时间状语从句，表示主从句动作同时发生或前后紧接着发生，常常译为“(正当)的时候，随着，一边一边”，故只有as符合题意。13答案C解析句意为：为这次毕业典礼所准备的东西全部放在了他所预期的精确的位置上。根据句意以及题干中关键信息词was placed exactly以及he wanted it可知，强调的是一个地点概念，且句子不缺少任何成分，只缺一个地点状语与前文呼应。故答案为C项。14答案A解析句意为：不减少进食，无论
36、你怎么努力，要减肥是困难的。however(no matter how)无论怎么，引导让步状语从句。15答案C解析句意为：教练，我可以继续训练吗？抱歉，你不能，因为你膝盖伤还没有恢复。分析题意可知前后两句有明显的因果关系，故选as表原因。而until，before和unless都需后句用肯定才可与前句的you cant相符合。16答案A解析句意为：我刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。“hardly.when.”是固定句型，意为“刚就”。类似的结构还有scarcely.when.，no sooner.than.。以上结构中当no sooner，hardly，scarcely放在句首时句子要
37、用倒装语序。17答案A解析考查并列连词。句意为：在学校，一些学生很活跃而一些却很害羞，然而他们都可能彼此成为好朋友。根据句意选while，表示两个分句中两种情况的对比。18答案A解析句意为：杰克什么也没说，但是老师朝着他笑，就好像他做了非常明智的事情一样。as if好像；in case以防万一；while当时候，而，却；though尽管。由句意可知应选A项。19答案A解析句意为：请打电话让我的秘书安排一个会议，在今天下午或是任何你方便的时候。whenever无论何时；however无论如何；whichever无论哪一个；wherever无论何地。此处or连接的是和this afternoon并
38、列的两个时间状语(从句)，故只有A项正确。20答案B解析句意为：尽管他们都是很有实力的求职者，但是只有一个人会被选中担任这一职位。since因为，既然；while尽管；if如果；as因为。根据句意选while.。四模拟试题来检测：1He was so deep in thought，thinking of the problem _ he knocked into the tree without noticing it.Awhen BwhileCbecause Dthat2We had to be patient because it _ some time _ we got the ful
39、l results.Ahas been；since Bhad been；untilCwas；after Dwould be；before3Someone wants you on the phone._ nobody knows I am here.AAlthough BAndCBut DSo4What do you think I should wear for such a formal press conference?Dress _ you like.Ahow BwhatCwhatever Dhowever5_ the fire breaks out，he is the first t
40、o arrive at the scene.AEvery time when BMomentCNo matter whenever DEvery time6In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children.Abut BwhileCbecause Dthough7The engineers are so busy that they have no time for outdoor sports activities，_ they have the interes
41、t.Awherever BwheneverCeven if Das if8Dont be afraid of asking your teachers for help _it is needed.Aas BsinceCunless Dwhen9Find ways to praise your children often，_ youll find they will open their hearts to you.Atill Bor Cand Dbut10If you are traveling _ the customs are really foreign to your own，pl
42、ease do as the Romans do.Ain which BwhatCwhen Dwhere11_tomorrow，our ship will set sail for Macao.AHowever the weather is likeBHowever is the weather likeCWhatever is the weather likeDWhatever the weather is like12John plays basketball well，_ his favorite sport is badminton.Aso Bor Cyet Dfor13I had n
43、o idea of the exact address of Xinhua High School _I was outside its front gate.Awhen BafterCuntil Dbecause14. _youve experienced it，you cant understand how I felt.AOnce BBecauseCUnless DWhile15Havent seen Lucy recently，whats happened?Oh，its more than two months _ she worked here.Awhich BthatCbefore
44、 Dsince16_ you may have，you should gather your courage to face the challenge.AHowever a serious problemBWhat a serious problemCHowever serious a problemDWhat serious a problem17I will put the book_you placed it and make a mark at the place_I put it.Awhere；at which Bat which；at whichCwhere；which Dat
45、which；where18_there is no law stating how you may dress，not all fashions are respectable.ABecause BSinceCWhile DUnless19Bring the flowers into a warm room _ theyll soon open.Aor Band Cbut Dfor20_，his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.AStrange as might it soundBAs it might sound stra
46、ngeCAs strange it might soundDStrange as it might sound21What do you think of it?Well，its worth doing _ the result is satisfactory.Athe moment Bas soon asConce Dso long as22Please arrange an interview with the manager tomorrow，or _ it is convenient to him.Awhenever BhoweverCwhichever Dwherever23The
47、agent was about to sign his name to the document _，to our surprise，a stranger broke in to prevent him.Awhile BwhenCas Duntil24Goals have to be realistic _ students can reach them and feel a sense of achievement.Aso long as Bso thatCnow that Deven though25He found it increasingly difficult to read，_
48、his eyesight was beginning to fail.Athough Bfor Cbut Dso【答案及解析】：1答案D解析考查状语从句的引导词。so.that.表示“如此以致”，引导结果状语从句。句意为：他思考问题太投入了，以致一不留神儿撞到了树上。2答案D解析在“itbe一段时间before/after/since从句”句型中，before从句中的动作经过一段时间后才会实现；after从句中的动作发生后已经过去了一段时间；since从句中的动作完成后到现在已经有一段时间了。结合题意可知，答案为D项。3答案C解析前半句句意为：有人给你打电话，后半句句意为：没有人知道我在这儿。
49、根据句子意思可知前后两句明显为转折关系，因此选C项。4答案D解析考查状语从句。dress作及物动词时，宾语为人；本题中的dress为不及物动词，所以后面应该接一个状语从句。答语句意为：你想怎么穿都行。5答案D解析句意为：每一次发生火灾，他总是第一个到达现场。every time用作连词，引导时间状语从句。6答案B解析while并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示转折。7答案C解析句意为：工程师们都很忙，以致于他们没有时间去做户外运动，即使他们有兴趣。even if即使，符合句意。8答案D解析考查连词。句意为：如有需要，不要害怕向老师求助。此处when相当于if，表示条件，其他不符合语意。9答案C解析
50、分析前后分句逻辑关系，是条件或假设关系，而且“祈使句and/or/otherwise陈述句”是固定句型，所以选C项。10答案D解析句意为：如果你在一个风俗习惯与你的风俗习惯完全不同的地方旅游，请入乡随俗。此处用where引导地点状语从句。11答案D解析考查whatever引导的让步状语从句。whateverno matter what修饰名词weather。12答案C解析句意为：约翰篮球打得很好，然而他最喜欢的运动是打羽毛球。四个选项中表示转折的连词只有yet。13答案C解析考查状语从句。根据语意“我到新华中学的校门口时才知道这学校的准确地址”可知C项正确。14答案C解析考查状语从句。句意为：
51、如果你没体验过，你不会知道我的感受。unlessif not如果不，引导条件状语从句。15答案D解析考查Its.since.结构，表示动作自过去发生至今有多久。但该结构从句中谓语动词的性质决定最终的意义。从句中谓语动词为瞬间性动词，则表该瞬间动作发生至今时间多久；若从句中谓语动词为延续性动词，则表示该延续动词动作终止至今时间多久。work属延续性动词，该句句意为：她不在这儿工作已经有两个多月了。显然，本题的答案为D项。16答案C解析根据句意“无论你有多么严重的问题，你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战。”，而however表让步时其顺序应是：however形容词主语谓语。however作连接副词，相当于n
52、o matter how，后接形容词或副词，意为“无论，不管”，引导让步状语从句，其顺序为“however形容词、副词主语谓语”。17答案A解析前后两个从句都表示地点的含义。是定语从句还是地点状语从句，做题的关键是看有没有表示地点的名词作先行词。如果有表示地点的名词，就是定语从句；如果没有便是地点状语从句。该题中第一个从句为地点状语从句，第二个从句为定语从句，因此答案为A项。18答案C解析考查连词的用法。句意为：尽管没有法律规定你怎样穿戴，但是并不是所有的时尚都是值得尊敬的。while尽管，符合句意。because因为；since既然；unless除非。19答案B解析本句为“祈使句and/or
53、陈述句”句型。根据题意，应为顺承关系。故选B项。20答案D解析此处as引导让步状语从句，此时常把作表语的形容词提前到句首。21答案D解析so long as意思是“只要”，引导条件状语从句。22答案A解析句意为：明天请安排一次对经理的采访，或者在他方便的任何时间。本句的后半句句子完整，所以应该使用连接副词，结合句意可知应选A项。23答案B解析when此处为并列连词，相当于at that time，可译为“这时(突然)”。24答案B解析空格后的句子是空格前句子的目的，所以用so that。句意为：目标应该现实一点，这样学生们就能实现它，并有成就感。25 答案B解析句意为：他发现读书越来越困难，因为他的视力开始下降。for表示原因，符合句意。