1、Section Grammar 现在分词作状语语法图解探究发现.I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.She stepped back appearing surprised.Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling,together with George Cook from Canada.When Darle
2、ne Coulon from France came dashing through the door.Turning around,she saw an ambulance driving away.The old scientist died all of a sudden,leaving the project unfinished.Hearing the news,they jumped for joy.Having smoked too much,he has suffered from lung cancer.我的发现(1)黑体部分在句中作伴随状语的是 ；作时间状语的是 ；作结果状
3、语的是 ；作原因状语的是 。(2)比较句和可知：句中动词-ing 形式短语为式，表示动作与谓语动词同时发生；句中动词-ing 形式短语为_式，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。(3)观察句可知现在分词的逻辑主语都是句子的。一般完成主语一、现在分词作状语的用法现在分词(短语)在句中作状语用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。1作时间状语现在分词作时间状语时，常放在句首，相当于一个时间状语从句。Hearing the noise,I turned round.When I heard the noise,I turned round.听到响声我转过身去。
4、2作原因状语现在分词作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，也可以放在句首。Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.Because he was poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.由于贫穷，他买不起一台电视机。3作条件状语现在分词作条件状语时，相当于一个 if 引导的条件状语从句。Working hard,youll certainly succeed.If you work hard,youll certainly succeed.只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。4作结果状语现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示
5、一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。The fire lasted a whole night,causing great damage.大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。点津 现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加 thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加 only。试比较：He was caught in the rain,thus making himself catch cold.被雨淋后他感冒了。I hurried to school,only to find it was Sunday
6、.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。5作让步、方式和伴随状语现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。Mary sat by the window of the classroom,reading a book.Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。即时演练 111.句型转换When she turned around,she saw a car driving up.,she saw a
7、car driving up.They stood there and waited for the bus.They stood there,the bus.As he was ill,he couldnt attend the meeting.,he couldnt attend the meeting.Turning aroundwaiting forBeing ill12.完成句子There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland,(凝视着夜空)(因为年老),he could
8、nt take a plane.staring at the night skyBeing too old二、现在分词作状语的注意事项1现在分词的时态现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。Walking in the street,I met an old friend of mine.我正在街上散步，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking 和谓语动词 met 同时发生)(2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。Having f
9、inished the letter,he went to post it.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished 是先发生的，went 是后发生的)即时演练 2单句语法填空(see)nobody at home,he decided to leave them a note.(suffer)such heavy pollution,it may now be too late to clean up the river.(live)in Beijing for years,I almost know every place quite well.(spend)nearly
10、 all our money for the house,we couldnt afford a holiday.SeeingHaving sufferedHaving livedHaving spent2现在分词的语态使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。Having been shown around the factory,they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式)被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。Having finished his homework,he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式)
11、完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。即时演练 3 单句语法填空(talk)to,you should look into the eyes of the person.(tell)for several times,he still couldnt understand the rules._(hear)the bad news,she didnt know what to do.(ask)to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.Being talkedHaving been toldHearingHaving been asked
12、3动词-ing 形式的否定式：not v.-ing;not having v-edNot knowing this,he didnt come.他不知道这件事，所以没来。Not having made full preparations,we put off the sports meeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。4独立主格动词-ing 形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。All the students having sat down,the lecture began.所有学
13、生坐好之后，讲座开始了。The new year coming,we were happy.新年来了，我们很高兴。Time permitting,I will go with you.时间允许的话，我就和你去。即时演练 441.用现在分词的独立主格结构改写下列句子If weather permits,we shall go there on foot.,we shall go there on foot.After Mary came back,they discussed it together.,they discussed it together.42.完成句子(讲座结束后),a liv
14、ely question-and-answer session followed.(春天来了),the trees turned green.Weather permittingMary coming backThe lecture having been givenSpring coming on5现在分词作评注性状语有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例 如：generally speaking“一 般 来 说”，judging by/from.“从 判 断”，taking everything into considera
15、tion“从全盘考虑”。Judging from his behaviour,he must be mad.从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。Generally speaking,girls are more interested in literature than boys.一般来说，女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。链接高考单句语法填空1(2019全国卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore un
16、der the stars,(listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.2(2019北京高考)Nervously (face)challenges,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words“Be yourself”listeningfacing3(全国卷)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while (feed)its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture a
17、nd food policymakers worldwide，”says the banks Juergen Voegele.4(江苏高考)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period,(exceed)the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.5(江苏高考)Many Chinese brands,_(develop)their reputations over centuries,are facing new challenges from the modern ma
18、rket.feedingexceedinghaving developed6(天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,(allow)more patients to be treated.7(北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife,_(range)from butterflies to elephants.8(浙江高考)Soon after,I was on my way to the show,_(carry)a fancy blac
19、k handbag and a happy smile.allowingrangingcarrying演练提能.单句语法填空1Pressed from his parents,and (realize)that he has wasted too much time,the boy is determined to stop playing video games.2(disappear)from view day by day,the singer is turning to his memories for comfort.3(gather)around the fire,the tour
20、ists danced with the local people.realizing Disappearing Gathering 4More highways have been built in China,_(make)it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.5(not,complete)the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.6(judge)from the appearance,it is very peaceful,b
21、ut in fact,a war will break out soon.7The decision (make),what is to be done now is how to carry it out.makingNot having completedJudginghaving been made8(taste)good and sweet,this kind of pear was soon sold out in the market.9He sat in a chair under the shade of the tree,_(read)a novel.10The old ma
22、n,(work)abroad for twenty years,is on the way back to his motherland.Tastingreading having worked.完成句子1The students walked on the street,_.学生们走在街上，又说又笑。2,he couldnt help laughing.一听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。3,he finally achieved his dream.努力工作了很多年后，他终于实现了梦想。talking and laughingHearing the newsHaving worked hard for many years4,we had to walk.没有出租车，我们只好步行。5,he still didnt learn these rules by heart.尽管被告知了很多次，他还是没把这些规定记下来。There being no taxisHaving been told many times谢谢 观 看