1、Section Learning about Language&Using Language读文清障原文呈现chemical/kemIkl/adj.化学的；关于化学的organic/nIk/adj.有机的；器官的；组织的organic farming 有机耕作fertilizer/ftIlaIz/n.肥料；化肥chemical fertilizer 化肥“over the past时间段”常与现在完成时连用；动名词短语 using chemical fertilizers 作主语，谓语动词用单数。CHEMICAL OR ORGANICFARMING?Over the past half cen
2、tury,using chemical fertilizershas become very common in farming.读文清障原文呈现Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production.Recently,however,scientists have been findingthat long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and,even more dangerous,to
3、 peoples health.production/prdkn/n.生产；制造to stop.production 为不定式短语作 way 的定语。have been finding 是现在完成进行时形式，表示动作从过去持续到现在，而且目前还在进行中。读文清障原文呈现What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers？First,they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones.Chemica
4、ls also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time.过去分词短语 caused by chemical fertilizers 作定语，相当于定语从句that/which are caused by chemical fertilizers。bacteria/bktIrI/n.(bacterium/bktIrIm/的复数形式)细菌pest/pest/n.害虫；害兽；害鸟读文清障原文呈现This affects crops and,therefore,animals and humans,since chemicals
5、 get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off.These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time.Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发over time 随着时间的推移lead to(n./pron.)导致；造成(后果)读文清障原文呈现In addition,fruit,vegetables and other food
6、grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition.They may look beautiful,but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.过 去 分 词 短 语 grown with chemical fertilizers 作后置定语。nutrition/njutrIn/n.营 养；滋养；食物mineral/mInrl/n.矿物；矿石化学耕作还是有机耕作？第 12 段译文在过去的半个世纪
7、里，在耕作中使用化肥已经非常普遍。很多农民喜欢使用化肥，把它们作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。化肥带来的问题有哪些呢？首先，化肥在杀死病菌和害虫的同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。化学物质还会在地里和地下水中保存很长时间，而这会影响到农作物，进而影响到动物和人类，因为化学成分会进入农作物中，并且不能被冲洗掉。随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。这里面有很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。另外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生长得过快而营养不足。它们表面上很好看，但是
8、里面通常是含过多的水分，而不是维生素和矿物质。读文清障原文呈现 discovery/dIskvrI/n.发现；发觉focus on(concentrate on)集 中(注意力、精力等)于soil/sIl/n.土壤 reduce/rIdjus/vt.减少；减缩With these discoveries，some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming.Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.They focus o
9、n keeping their soil rich and free of disease.A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.读文清障原文呈现Organic farmers,therefore,often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer.They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile
10、.This also keepsthe air,soil,water and crops free from21 chemicals.be rich in 富含；的含量高(反)be poor/low in 的含量低；缺乏fertile/ftaIl/adj.肥沃的；富饶的21 keep.free from/of 使免受(影响、伤害等)；使不含(有害物)读文清障原文呈现Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile22.They often change the kind of crop in each fi
11、eld every few years,for example,growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans 23.Crops such as peas of soybeans24 put important minerals back into the soil,making it ready for crops25 such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.22 动词不定式短语 to keep the soil fertile 作目的状语；keep
12、 是使役动词，这是“keep宾语宾补”结构。23 现在分词短语 growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans 作状语。24 soybean/sIbin/n.(soyabean)大豆25 现在分词短语 making it ready for crops.作结果状语，表示一种必然的结果，这里 make 的用法跟前面keep 的用法一致。读文清障原文呈现26 现 在 分 词 短 语planting.作状语；两个 that 都引导定语从句，分别修饰peanuts和vegetables。27 root/rut/n.根；根源Or
13、ganic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil,for example,26planting peanuts that use the grounds surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots 27.Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil,and then leaving
14、 it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next years crop.读文清障原文呈现These many different organic farming methods have the same goal:28 to grow good food and avoid damaging29the environment or peoples health.28 动词不定式短语 to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or peoples healt
15、h 说明 goal的内容。29 avoid doing sth.避免做某事第 34 段译文 由于这些发现，一些农民和许多消费者开始转向有机耕作。有机耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。他们关心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。健康的土壤会减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。因此，有机耕作的农民经常喜欢把天然的动物粪便当作肥料。他们认为这样会使地里的土壤更富含矿物质，因而也会更加肥沃，同时还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。有机耕作的农民也使用很多其他的方法来保持土壤肥沃。在同一块地里，他们经常每隔几年就换种农作物。例如，种玉米或小麦后来年再改种豌豆或大豆。像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的
16、矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。有机耕作的农民还种植多种农作物来利用不同层次的土壤。比如，他们先种植生长于浅层土壤的花生，然后再种植生根于深层土壤的蔬菜。还有一些有机耕作的农民喜欢在农作物之间种草，以防止水土流失，并且把草留在地里，从而成为来年农作物的天然肥料。这些不同的有机耕作的方法有着同样的目标：种植好的粮食，并且避免损害环境或者人们的健康。.Read the passage quickly and complete the following questions.1Match each part with its main idea.Part 1(
17、Para.1)AFarmers and customers turn to organic farming and how farmers keep their soil rich.Part 2(Para.2)BScientists have found that chemical fertilizerscause damage to the land and peoples health.Part 3(Paras.34)CSome of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers.答案：Part 1B Part 2C Part 3A2What do
18、es the passage tell us?Since chemical fertilizers have caused,farmers have turned to,using _ to keep the soil rich.damageorganic farmingnatural waste.Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.1From the passage,we can see organic farmers are those who _.Agrow crops with chemical fertiliz
19、ersBgrow crops with natural fertilizersCproduce organic fertilizersDcare for the environment2From the fourth paragraph,we know that _.Aits not good to plant grass between cropsBpeanuts use the grounds surfaceCpeas and soybeans should be grown together with corn and wheatDvegetables that put down dee
20、p roots are harmful to the soil3According to the text,which of the following is NOT the problem caused by chemical fertilizers?ACrop diseases can be stopped.BChemicals stay in the ground and underground water for a long time.CThe helpful bacteria and pests are killed as well as the harmful ones.DMan
21、y of these chemicals are dangerous to peoples health.答案：13 BBA.单词拼写1The number of people suffering from heart disease will be greatly (减少)if they are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.2The (焦点)of public health is prevention and protection rather than treatment.3The spokesman refused to (评论)
22、on the matter.reduced focus comment 4All the mistakes in the exam have been _in red ink.5(细菌)are very small living things,some of which cause illness or disease.6Good (营养)is essential if patients are to make a quick recovery.7It is important for you to (浏览)through the text.underlined Bacteria nutrit
23、ion skim.拓展词汇1vt.使迷惑；使为难confused adj.困惑的；烦恼的confusing adj.令人困惑的confusion n困惑；混乱2vt.遗憾；惋惜 n遗憾；懊悔regretful adj.遗憾的；后悔的regretfully adv.遗憾地；痛惜地3adj.化学的；关于化学的chemistry n化学4n矿物；矿石mine n矿；矿山confuse regret chemical mineral 5n生产；制造produce vt.生产；制造producer n生产者；制片人6n发现；发觉discover vt.发现discoverer n发现者7n总结；摘要；概
24、要summarize vt.总结；概括production discovery summary 巧记单词例词规律regretfulv.-fuladj.confusedv.-(e)dadj.派生词discoveryv.-yn.补全短语1(be)in need 需要2cause damage 给造成损害3wash 将洗掉；洗净4build 逐渐增强；建立；开发5lead 导致；造成(后果)6 addition 另外7focus 集中(注意力、精力等)于8keep.free 使免受(影响、伤害等)；使不含(有害物)from/ofoftooffuptoin on1教材原句 Recently,howev
25、er,scientists have been findingthat long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and,even more dangerous,to peoples health.然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会对土地造成损害，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。句型点拨 现在完成进行时表示从过去发生的谓语动作一直持续到现在，强调动作的持续性。佳句赏析 The Grade Two classes have been observing the plants around the s
26、chool and finding the animals that live there.二年级各班的学生在学校周边观察植物和寻找小动物。2教材原句 Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil,making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物能使土壤重新富含重要的矿物质，这为种植需要肥沃土壤的农作物，如小麦和玉米等做好了准备。句型点拨 现在分词短语在句中作结
27、果状语。佳句赏析 The sun began to rise in the sky,bathing the mountain in golden light.天空中太阳开始升起，使山脉沐浴在金色的阳光中。1It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.(P13)把这个再解释一遍很重要，否则我们就会使学生感到迷惑。confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难confuse A with/and B 把 A 与 B 混淆be/get confused by sth.被搞糊涂了be confused about s
28、th.对感到困惑Be careful not to confuse quantity with/and quality.注意不要把数量与质量混淆了。I such a confusing problem.我正被这个令人困惑的问题搞得不知所措。If youre confused anything,phone my office.如果你有感到困惑的问题，给我办公室打电话。was gettingconfusedbyabout2regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n.遗憾；懊悔(P13)(1)regret having done sth.doing sth.后悔做了某事regret to say/tell/
29、inform that.遗憾地说(告知)regret that 从句遗憾(2)with great/deep regret 很遗憾to ones regret to the regret of sb.让某人感到遗憾的是After he considered the problem more carefully,he regretted making/having made such a hasty decision.仔细地考虑了这个问题后，他后悔做出了这么匆忙的决定。I regret (tell)you that I cant travel to Beijing together with y
30、ou at the appointed time.我很遗憾地告诉你我不能在约定的时间和你去北京了。,we will not be able to visit you next year.让我们深感遗憾的是，我们明年不能去拜访你了。to tellMuch to our regret3These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time.(P14)随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。build up 逐渐增加；建立；开发build(oneself)up to sth.为做准备build one
31、self up 增强体质build up a fame 建立名声build up ones health/body 增进健康Its said that shes built up a very successful business.据说她已创办了一家成功的企业。His confidence gradually as he gained more and more experience in teaching.随着他在教学中获得了越来越多的经验，他的信心在逐渐增加。You must after your illness.患病之后，你必须增强体质。点津 build up(form steadil
32、y)意为“逐步建立；逐步形成”，如 build up ones strength(增强体力)。build 还指“建筑；建造”，如 build a house(建房子)。built upbuild yourself up4Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.(P14)很多化学物质能导致癌症或其他疾病。lead to 导致；造成(后果)；通向lead sb.to do sth.使某人做某事lead/live a.life 过的生活lead the way 引路；带路The discovery of new ev
33、idence led to the thiefs being caught.新证据的发现使得小偷被抓住。I want to know what led you (take)up acting as a career.我想知道是什么使你将表演作为一种事业的。He decided to after the unusual experience.经过了这次不平常的经历，他决定过一种新的生活。点津 lead to 中的 to 为介词，后接名词、代词或 v.-ing 形式。to takelead/live a new life5They focus on keeping their soil rich
34、and free of disease.(P14)他们关心的是保持土壤肥沃并免受病害。focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于(1)focus ones attention/thoughts/minds/eyes on.集中注意力/精力/思想/目光于(2)bring/throw sth.into focus使某物明朗化；使某物突出the focus of attention 关注的焦点The meeting focused on whether we should build a new teaching building.这次会议的主要议题是我们是否应该建一栋新的教学楼。If we fin
35、d those materials interesting,well _ them for long.如果我们发现那些材料有趣，我们的注意力就会长时间集中在它们身上。She always wants to be.她总想成为人们关注的焦点。focus our attention onthe focus of attention6A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.(P14)健康的土壤会减少病虫害并且促进农作物茁壮成长。reduce vt.减少；减缩reduce.by.把减少了reduce.t
36、o.把减少到；把变为某种状态be reduced to 陷入某种境地With great effort,she has reduced her weight by five kilograms in the past 7 days.经过很大的努力，她在过去的七天里体重轻了 5 公斤。The price of that type of air-conditioner has been reduced 1,000 yuan.那种型号的空调的价格已经下降到了一千元。She begging for a living.她被迫沦落至乞讨为生。to was reduced to7This also keep
37、s the air,soil,water and crops free fromchemicals.(P14)这也能使空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。keep.free from/of 使免受(影响、伤害等)；使不含(有害物)be free from/of 不受伤害free sb./sth.from/of sth.解除；去除Balanced diet and proper exercise keep you free fromdisease.均衡的饮食和适当的锻炼能让你远离疾病。They like living in a village,free crowds and noises
38、.他们喜欢住在村子里，远离人群和喧嚣。These exercises help the body tension.这些锻炼可以使紧张的身体放松。from/offree of8Swap summaries with your partner and give each othercomments.(P15)和你的搭档交换摘要并互作评论。comment n评论；议论 vt.&vi.表达意见；作出评论(1)make comments on/upon sth.评论某事offer comments 提意见no comment 无可奉告(2)comment on/upon 对发表评论comment tha
39、t.评论说She made helpful comments on/upon my work.她对我的工作提出了有益的意见。Dont if you cannot understand the real meaning.如果你不能真正理解它的意义，请不要乱提意见。People were always commenting my sisters looks.人们总是对我妹妹的容貌评头论足。He he thought it was time for us to go home.他发表意见说到我们回家的时间了。offer commentson/uponcommented thatCrops such
40、as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil,making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.(P14)像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物能使土壤重新富含重要的矿物质，这为种植需要肥沃土壤的农作物，如小麦和玉米等做好了准备。本句中 making it.为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示前面的情况所造成的结果，相当于 and made it ready for crops.;that 引导定语从句，修饰 wheat or
41、corn。Many people from all over the world have moved to America,making it the most multicultural country in the world.来自世界各地的很多人去了美国，使之成为世界上最多元文化的国家。Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus _(cause)the delay.他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。点津 现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的、意料之中的结果；不定式短语作结果状语表示偶然的、意料之外的结果，且前面常有 only 修饰。He hu
42、rried to the airport,that the plane had taken off.他匆忙赶到机场，结果被告知飞机已经起飞了。causingonly to be told课时跟踪检测_.单句语法填空1Users will be encouraged to add to and comment _ the material.2The criminal hoped that the police would help keep him free punishment if he helped the police catch the murderer.on/uponfrom 3Wi
43、th the pressure building,she was off work for weeks because she couldnt stand it any more.4With so many people focusing their eyes him,he felt very nervous.5We firmly believe that war never settles anything.It only leads violence.6We heard regret that you had failed the examination.upontowith 7Many
44、people (confuse)about the new ways of measuring temperature.8The production costs have been reduced 30%.9The child slipped and fell,(hit)his head against the door.10He hurried to the bus station only (find)that the last bus had left.are confusedby hittingto find.完成句子1Seize the chance,or.抓住这次机会，否则你会后
45、悔的。2According to a research,the total number of this kind of animal less than 1,000 now.按照调查结果，现在这种动物的总数已减少到不足1 000 只。3 The look on her face suggested she_ the instructions.她的表情表明她对那些说明感到困惑。youll regretis reduced towas confused about.一句多译1祖母总是喜欢就孙女的裙子作评价。The grandmother always likes _ her granddaugh
46、ters dress.(comment n)The grandmother always likes her granddaughters dress.(comment v)making comments on commenting on2玩电脑游戏让孩子们在校表现差，增加了家长的忧虑。Playing computer games leads to teenagers poor perform-ance at school,.Playing computer games leads to teenagers poor perform-ance at school,.adding to parents worrieswhich adds to parents worries “课时跟踪检测”见“Unit 2 课时跟踪检测（三）”(单击进入电子文档)谢谢 观 看