1、二、细节考查类 1.细节考查题的特点此类试题要求考生利用文章所提供的具体信息来回答问题，答题依据可以在阅读材料中直接找到。细节性问题的命题方法是，选出原文中的一句话或片语，然后用同义表达作为正确选项来提问。虽然答案有时与原文出处在文字表达上不相一致，但所用词语意义非常接近，有时甚至原文的话就出现在选项中。细节性问题有两种基本形式：完全式和不完全式。例如：(1)What were things like in the 1980s when accidents happened？(完全式)(2)The Suns light travels slowly when _.(不完全式)2.细节考查类阅读
2、理解的备考策略做细节性问题时需要注意以下几个方面：(1)每篇文章不论长短都有其中心思想，用以支持和发展中心思想的具体信息就是命题时的重要依据。答题时，学生要围绕中心思想，特别留意阅读材料中的有关数字、时间、专有名词、原因和特点等具体信息。(2)题干中的标识语是从阅读材料中快速寻找答题依据的“路标”。最常见的就是用引号所标识的关键词或标明的标识语所在的具体行数。例如：The authors attitude toward“most economists in the United States”can best be described as _.另外，题干中的地名、人名、数字、日期、专有名词等
3、也是寻找正确答案的路标。做这种题型往往需要运用检索阅读方法(scanning)，即要注意题干中的标识语，带着问题有的放矢地在阅读材料中寻找某一个特定信息(日期、数字、专有名词等)的具体位置。学生不必逐行阅读，也不必考虑文章的结构布局。scanning的具体步骤为：(1)要时刻记住所要寻找的特定信息；(2)应该快速沿纸页或栏目自上而下扫视，时刻期待着相关信息的出现；(3)必要时可适当停留，辨别是否找到了特定的信息。实例透析(2011陕西卷B)Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize，a
4、nd the first person to win it twice.However，few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner.Born in September,1897，Irene Curie was the first of the Curiestwo daughters.Along with nine other children whose parents were also famous scholars，Irene studied in their own school，and he
5、r mother was one of the teachers.She finished her high school education at the College of Svign in Paris.Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics.When World War began，Irene went to help her mother，who was using X-ray facilities(设备)to help save
6、the lives of wounded soldiers.Irene continued the work by developing X-ray facilities in military hospitals in France and Belgium.Her services were recognized in the form of a Military Medal by the French government.In 1918，Irene became her mothers assistant at the Curie Institute.In December 1924，F
7、rederic Joliot joined the Institute，and Irene taught him the techniques required for his work.They soon fell in love and were married in 1926.Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and their son Pierre five years later.Like her mother，Irene combined family and career.Like her mother，Irene was awarde
8、d a Nobel Prize，along with her husband，in 1935.Unfortunately，also like her mother，she developed leukemia because of her work with radioactivity(辐射能).Irene Joliot-Curie died from leukemia on March 17,1956.49.Why was Irene Curie awarded a Military Medal?A.Because she received a degree in mathematics.B
9、.Because she contributed to saving the wounded.C.Because she won the Nobel Prize with Frederic.D.Because she worked as a helper to her mother.解析 细节理解题。由第三段中“Irene continued the work by developing X-ray facilities in military hospitals in France and Belgium.Her services were recognized in the form of
10、 a Military Medal by the French government.”可知答案为 B。答案 B50.Where did Irene Curie meet her husband Frederic Joliot?A.At the Curie Institute.B.At the University of Paris.C.At a military hospital.D.At the College of Svign.解析 细节理解题。由第四段中“In 1918，Irene became her mothers assistant at the Curie Institute.
11、In December 1924，Frederic Joliot joined the Institute.”可知答案为 A。答案 A51.When was the second child of Irene Curie and Frederic Joliot born?A.In 1932.B.In 1927.C.In 1897.D.In 1926.解析 细节理解题。由第四段中“Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and their son Pierre five years later.”可知答案为 A。答案 A52.In which of the
12、following aspects was Irene Curie different from her mother?A.Irene worked with radioactivity.B.Irene combined family and career.C.Irene won the Nobel Prize once.D.Irene died from leukemia.解析 细节理解题。从第一段可知玛丽居里两次获得诺贝尔奖，从最后一段可知她的女儿只获得一次。故选 C。答案 C考题印证A(2011广 东 卷 B)Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmo
13、ny in the same home?People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight.A recent research has found a new recipe of success.According to the study，if the cat is adopted before the dog，and if they are introduced when still young(less than 6 months
14、for cats，a year for dogs)，it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly.Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.However，it wasnt all sweetness and light.There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25%of the homes
15、，while aggression and fighting were observed in 10%of the homes.One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite.For example，when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression，while a dog doing the same signals submission.In homes with cats and dogs living peacefu
16、lly，researchers observed a surprising behaviour.They are learning how to talk each others language.It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk dog，and dogs can learn how to talk cat.Whats interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence.They can learn how to re
17、ad each others body signals，suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected.Once familiar with each others presence and body language，cats and dogs can play together，greet each other nose to nose，and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa.They can easily share the same wate
18、r bowl and in some cases groom(梳理)each other.The significance of this research on cats and dogs may go beyond petsto people who dont get along，including neighbors，colleagues at work，and even world superpowers.If cats and dogs can learn to get along，surely people have a good chance.1.The underlined w
19、ord“swimmingly”in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_.A.early B.sweetlyC.quickly D.smoothly解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段可知，如果先收养猫并且猫不到 6 个月，狗不到一年，他们就能相处得很和谐。2/3被采访的家庭也表明有这样的结果。所以swimmingly在此意为 smoothly。答案 D2.Some cats and dogs may fight when_.A.they are cold to each otherB.they look away from each otherC.they mi
20、sunderstand each others signalsD.they are introduced at an early age解析 细节理解题。根据第二段“.while aggression and fighting were observed in 10%of the homes.One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite.”可知选 C。答案C3.What is found surprising about cats and dogs?A.They eat an
21、d sleep together.B.They observe each others behaviours.C.They learn to speak each others language.D.They know something from each others voices.解析 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully，researchers observed a surprising behaviour.They are learning how to talk each others languag
22、e.”可知 C 正确。答案 C4.It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs_.A.have common interestsB.are less different than was thoughtC.have a common body languageD.are less intelligent than was expected解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“They can learn how to read each others body signals，suggesting that the two may have
23、 more in common than we previously suspected.”可知 B 正确。答案B5.What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?A.We should learn to live in harmony.B.We should know more about animals.C.We should live in peace with animals.D.We should learn more body languages.解析 推理判断题。从最后一段可以推知答案。答案 A211 工程(优秀生选做题)2.
24、vocabulary：(1)harmony n.和谐；融洽_ harmony with 与和谐相处in harmony 和睦的(地)_ harmony 不和谐/协调的(地)(2)familiar adj.熟悉的be familiar with sth.对某事熟悉be familiar to sb.对某人来说熟悉be on familiar terms with sb.和某人熟悉She seems to _the waiter.她似乎和侍者关系很熟。inout ofbe on very familiar terms with1.从文中找出与下句意义相近的句子Turning its head aw
25、ay means aggression to a cat but submission to a dog._1.What does the last sentence mean?_When a cat turns its head away it signals aggression，while a dog doing the same signals submission.People should learn to get along peacefully with eachother.B(2011浙江卷A)One evening in February 2007，a student na
26、med Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales.She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path.Thats when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train.Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line.Seconds later，she watched the train drag her car almost a kil
27、ometre down the railway tracks.Ceely s near miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS device(导航仪).She had never driven the route before.It was dark and raining heavily.Ceely was relying on her GPS，but it made no mention of the crossing.“I put my complete trust in the device and it led me r
28、ight into the path of a speeding train，”she told the BBC.Who is to blame here?Rick Stevenson，who tells Ceelys story in his book When Machines Fail Us，points the finger at the limitations of technology.We put our faith in digital devices，he says，but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job
29、.They are filled with small problems.And its not just GPS devices：Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards.The problem with his argument in the book is that its not clear why he only focuses on digital technology，while there may
30、be a number of other possible causes.A map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map.Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention.Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signalling system.Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there reall
31、y is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment.But Stevenson doesnt say.Its a problem that runs through the book.In a section on cars，Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars.He offers two independent sets of fig
32、ures on car theft；both show a small rise in some parts of the country.He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable.Perhaps，but maybe its also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets.Or changing social circumstances.Or some combination of these factors.The game between human
33、s and their smart devices is amusing and complex.It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in.Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology.If there is such a way，it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our
34、machines.After all，we have lived with them for thousands of years.They have probably been fooling us for just as long.1.What did Paula Ceely think was the cause of her accident?A.She was not familiar with the road.B.It was dark and raining heavily then.C.The railway workers failed to give the signal
35、.D.Her GPS device didnt tell her about the crossing.解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Ceely was relying on her GPS，but it made no mention of the crossing.”可知 D 项正确。答案 D2.The underlined phrase“near miss”in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by.A.close hitB.heavy lossC.narrow escape D.big mistake解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段的描述可知，Ceel
36、y 没在车上，所以有“.she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks.”，因此 Ceely当时是“幸运逃脱”的，故 C 项正确。答案C3.Which of the following would Rick Stevenson most probably agree with?A.Modern technology is what we cant live without.B.Digital technology often falls short of our expectation.
37、C.Digital devices are more reliable than they used to be.D.GPS error is not the only cause for Ceelys accident.解析 态度推断题。根据文章第三段的描述，我们可以知道：我们的数字仪器经常达不到工作的要求，所以，B 项应为 Rick Stevenson 的态度。答案 B4.In the writers opinion，Stevensons argument is.A.one-sided B.reasonableC.puzzling D.well-based解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“
38、The problem with his argument in the book is that its not clear why he only focuses on digital technology，while there may be a number of other possible causes.”可知作者认为Stevenson 的观点是片面的，所以 A 项正确。答案 A5.What is the real concern of the writer of this article?A.The major causes of traffic accidents and ca
39、r thefts.B.The relationship between humans and technology.C.The shortcomings of digital devices we use.D.The human unawareness of technical problems.解析 主旨大意题。题目设问：这篇文章的作者真正关心的是什么？A 项意为：交通事故与汽车偷窃的主要原因；B 项意为：人类与科技之间的关系；C 项意为：我们使用的数字仪器的不足之处；D 项意为：人类对于科技问题的无知。根据文章的叙述，作者讲述了数字仪器与人类之间的关系，所以 B 项正确。答案 B211 工
40、程(优秀生选做题)2.vocabulary：(1)blame n.&v.责备；责任be to blame 该受责备blame sb._ sth.为某事而责备某人blame sth._ sb.把某事归咎于某人_ the blame for sth.为某事而承担责任_ the blame on sb.把归咎于某人foronbear/takeput/lay(2)指出下列句子中 up to 的意思The building was used as a hospital through the 1960s up to 1972._Its up to all of us to try to solve th
41、e problems in our neighbourhood._When he is quiet like this，I know hes up to something._Hes not really up to the job._直到由某人决定；是某人的职责做(坏事)胜任1.What other causes of the problem are mentioned in the passage?_1.What does the underlined word“it”in the sixth paragraph mean?_The crossing was left off a pape
42、r map by a mapmaker；Ceely didnt pay attention；poor signalling system；something specific wrong with the GPS equipment.The game between humans and their smart devices.C(2011天 津 卷 C)An idea that started in Seattles public library has spread throughout America and beyond.The concept is simple：help to bu
43、ild a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time.In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit(追求)to be enjoyed by all，the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus，as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shar
44、ed in families and schools.The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched(发起)the“If All of Seattle Read the Same Book”project in 1998.Her original program used author visits，study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book，but the idea has since expanded to
45、 many other American cities，and even to Hong Kong.In Chicago，the mayor(市长)appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the“One Book，One Chicago”program.As a result，reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang uparound the city.Across the US，stories emer
46、ged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character.The only problem arose in New York，where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population.This may show that the idea works best in medium
47、-sized cities or large towns，where a greater sense of unity(一致)can be achieved.Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point，putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than into discussion about a book itself.Ultimately，as Nancy points out，the level of success
48、is not measured by how many people read a book，but by how many people are enriched by the process，or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word.1.What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy?A.To invite authors to guide readers.B.To encourage peopl
49、e to read and share.C.To involve people in community service.D.To promote the friendship between cities.解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句话可以看出，这项活动的目的，“除了鼓励所有的人将阅读当作一种追求外，这项活动还创造了机会让陌生人之间通过讨论书而进行交流，并促进阅读成为在家庭和学校里分享的一种体验”。也就是说，这项活动的目的就是在鼓励人们阅读的同时增进了解、沟通。答案 B2.Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the pr
50、oject?A.They had little interest in reading.B.They were too busy to read a book.C.They came from many different backgrounds.D.They lacked support from the local government.解析 推理判断题。根据第四段前两句话可以看出，分享同一本书的活动可以在中等大小的城市或大的城镇中推广开来，但在像纽约这么大的城市中却无法执行，推断其原因，还是在于人的背景复杂。而对于 A、B、D 三个选项的内容，文章并未涉及。答案 C3.According
51、 to the passage，where would the project be more easily carried out?A.In large communities with little sense of unity.B.In large cities where libraries are far from home.C.In medium-sized cities with a diverse population.D.In large towns where agreement can be quickly reached.解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句话可以看出，在
52、大的城镇，人们容易取得一致的观点，这项活动易于开展。答案 D4.The underlined words“shared a word”in Paragraph 5 probably mean.A.exchanged ideas with each otherB.discussed the meaning of a wordC.gained life experience D.used the same language解析 词义猜测题。从文章第二段可以知道，这项活动的目的之一就是通过讨论书籍，鼓励人们之间进行交流。A 项符合语境。而 B 项“讨论一个词的含义”，C项“获得生活经验”和 D 项“
53、使用同一种语言”均不是这项活动的目的。答案 A5.According to Nancy，the degree of success of the project is judged by.A.the careful selection of a proper bookB.the growing popularity of the writersC.the number of people who benefit from readingD.the number of books that each person reads解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“.the level of succe
54、ss is not measured by how many people read a book，but.”可知，成功的程度不在于有多少人读了同一本书，而在于多少人在这个读书的过程中受益。由此可确定答案。答案 C211 工程(优秀生选做题)2.vocabulary：(1)What does the“An idea”in Para.1 refer to?_(2)in addition to_除了_ 除此之外；加之1.What does the underlined phrase“sprang up”in Para.3 mean?_To help to build a sense of comm
55、unity in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time.besides/aside/apart fromin additionIt means“appeared suddenly and quickly”.1.翻译句子In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit to be enjoyed by all，the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the b
56、us，as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools._除了鼓励所有的人将阅读当作一种追求外，这项活动还创造了机会让陌生人之间在车上通过讨论书而进行交流，并促进阅读成为在家庭和学校里分享的一种体验。D(2011浙江卷C)In the more and more competitive service industry，it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction.Today，customer“delight”is
57、 what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share.It is accepted in the marketing industry，and confirmed by a number of researches，that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people；those treated badly will tell their tales of
58、woe to up to 20 people.Interestingly,80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal.New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet.For example，many companies now have to invest(投
59、资)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the“phone rage”caused by delays in answering calls，being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.“Many people do not like talking to machines，”says Dr.Storey，Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City
60、University Business School.“Banks，for example，encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them.The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust themthe sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats
61、 with their local branch manager.”Recommended ways of creating customer delight include：under-promising and over-delivering(saying that a repair will be carried out within five hours，but getting it done within two)；replacing a faulty product immediately；throwing in a gift voucher(购物礼卷)as an unexpect
62、ed“thank you”to regular customers；and always returning calls，even when they are complaints.Aiming for customer delight is all very well，but if services do not reach the high level promised，disappointment or worse will be the result.This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why t
63、he service did not meet usual standards with empathy(for example，“I know how you must feel”)，and possible solutions(replacement，compensation or whatever fairness suggests best meets the case).Airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care.Fierce competition has convinced them that
64、delighting passengers is an important marketing tool，while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather，unclaimed luggage and technical problems.For British Airways staff，a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings a
65、nd flight times.They are trained to answer quickly，with their name，job title and a“we are here to help”attitude.The company has invested heavily in information technology to make sure that information is available instantly on screen.British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied w
66、ithin the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service.Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as“we do as we please”.On the other hand，the more customers are promised，the greater th
67、e risk of disappointment.1.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that.A.complaining customers are hard to satisfyB.unsatisfied customers receive better serviceC.satisfied customers catch more attention D.well-treated customers promote business解析 主旨大意题。A 项意为“抱怨的顾客难以使其满意”，这与第二段中的“Interestingly,80 percent of p
68、eople who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal.”的叙述不符；B 项意为“不满意的顾客得到更好的服务”；C 项意为“满意的顾客得到更多的关注”；D 项意为“受到良好礼遇的顾客推动了生意的开展”，从第二段的叙述中，我们可以知道 D 项正确。D2.The writer mentions“phone rage”in Paragraph 3 to show that.A.customers often use phones to express their angerB.people still prefer to
69、buy goods onlineC.customer care becomes more demandingD.customers rely on their phones to obtain services解析 推理判断题。作者在文中对于 phone rage 有进一步的解释，即：caused by delays in answering calls，being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.这些事情都是容易引起顾客抱怨或投诉的事情，所以这里作者提到 phone rage 用来说明客服的要求更高了，
70、故C 项正确。C3.What does the writer recommend to create customer delight?A.Calling customers regularly.B.Giving a“thank you”note.C.Delivering a quicker service.D.Promising more gifts.解析 细节理解题。根据第五段的叙述，作者给出了几种方法来提高顾客的满意度，所以选项中的 C 项符合作者的推荐。答案 C4.If a manager should show his empathy(Paragraph 6)，what would
71、he probably say?A.“I know how upset you must be.”B.“I appreciate your understanding.”C.“Im sorry for the delay.”D.“I know its our fault.”解析 细节理解题。A 项意为“我知道你有多难过”；B 项意为“我感激你的理解”；C 项意为“对于拖延我很抱歉”；D 项意为“我知道这是我们的错”。根据第六段中 empathy 后举的例子可知 A 项正确。答案 A5.Customer delight is important for airlines because.A.th
72、eir telephone style remains unchanged B.they are more likely to meet with complaintsC.the services cost them a lot of moneyD.the policies can be applied to their staff解析 细节理解题。根据第七段第一句可知，在客服方面航空公司面对着一些最严重的挑战，他们更容易遭到抱怨。B6.Which of the following is conveyed in this article?A.Face-to-face service creat
73、es comfortable feelings among customers.B.Companies that promise more will naturally attract more customers.C.A company should promise less but do more in a competitive market.D.Customer delight is more important for airlines than for banks.解析 主旨大意题。A 项意为“面对面的服务在顾客们中间产生令人舒适的感觉”；B 项意为“承诺越多的公司自然会吸引更多的
74、顾客”；C 项意为“公司在市场竞争中应该承诺得少而做得多”；D 项意为“顾客满意度对于航空公司比对于银行更重要”。综合作者的陈述，尤其是文章最后一段内容，我们可以得知，C 项符合作者的观点。答案 C6.Which of the following is conveyed in this article?A.Face-to-face service creates comfortable feelings among customers.B.Companies that promise more will naturally attract more customers.C.A company
75、should promise less but do more in a competitive market.D.Customer delight is more important for airlines than for banks.解析 主旨大意题。A 项意为“面对面的服务在顾客们中间产生令人舒适的感觉”；B 项意为“承诺越多的公司自然会吸引更多的顾客”；C 项意为“公司在市场竞争中应该承诺得少而做得多”；D 项意为“顾客满意度对于航空公司比对于银行更重要”。综合作者的陈述，尤其是文章最后一段内容，我们可以得知，C 项符合作者的观点。答案 C211 工程(优秀生选做题)2.vocab
76、ulary：(1)cope with_处理；应付(2)convince v.使确信；使信服convince sb.of.使某人相信convince sb.to do.说服某人做be convinced of 相信Millions of Filipinos _ herinnocence.数以百万计的菲律宾人仍然确定她是无辜的。deal with/do withremain convinced of1.How does customer“delight”influence the business?_1.What are the ways that delight customers?_Custo
77、mers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people；thosetreated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to20 people.Underpromising and overdelivering；replacinga faulty product immediately；throwing in a gift voucher as an unexpected“thank you”to regularcustomers；and always returning calls，even when they are complaints.返回