1、第 4 讲 动词(短语)和介词(短语)深化认知一、常用动词短语1agree 短语agree with 同意某人的意见，(气候、食物等)适合，与相符agree on 对取得一致意见 agree to 同意(建议、看法、意见等)agree about 对有相同的看法2bring 短语bring up 提出，养育，呕吐bring down 降低，打倒bring out 带来，促使，引起bring about 引起，导致3break 短语break up 打碎，结束，解散，垮掉break down 分解，发生故障，失败，毁掉，制服，崩溃break out (战争、火灾等)爆发4come 短语come
2、up with 提出，想出come across 偶遇come back 回来，恢复，想起来come over 过来，顺便来访come about 发生come into 进入，得到，继承come out with 说出，发表，出版come to 总计，清醒过来5call 短语call out 唤起，出动，大声叫唤call on 拜访，号召call for 要求，需要call off 取消6carry 短语carry out 实施，执行carry on 继续carry away 拿走，使入迷carry off 夺走，使丧命7do 短语do away with 废除do without 没有也行
3、do with 处理，处置，对付8drop 短语drop out 辍学，掉队drop by 顺便来访drop in(on/at)顺便拜访(某人/某地)9get 短语get over 克服get away with 侥幸成功，侥幸逃脱get through 接通(电话)，完成(工作)，通过(考试)get across 理解，度过get rid of 除掉，去掉get along with 与相处，取得进展get down to 开始(做)某事get along 进展get on 上车，进展，相处融洽get to 到达get in 收割get away 拿走，逃脱，逃离，休假get off 动身，
4、从下来，脱下get back 回来，恢复，取回get into 进入，学会，习惯于get down 下来，取下，咽下，记下，使紧张不安10give 短语give away 赠送，给予，背弃，泄露，分发give up 放弃，辞去give off 释放，发出，放出(烟、光、热等)give out 用完，耗尽，分发，发放give in 屈服，呈交11go 短语go by 走过，经过，(时间)消逝，过去go away 走开，离去go out 熄灭，出去go over 复习，过一遍，仔细检查，审阅go on 发生，进行，继续go up 上升，上涨，增长，攀登go after 追求，追赶go throug
5、h 通过，浏览12hold 短语hold up 举起，阻止，延误hold on 等一等，不要挂断电话hold off 拖延，不接近hold out 伸出，坚持下去，维持hold back 退缩，踌躇，阻挡，控制住13keep 短语keep back 后退，阻止，抑制，扣留(钱)keep down 控制，镇压keep off 不靠近，不提及，推迟keep out 不得入内keep up 保持，坚持，使(情绪等)不低落keep up with 跟上，赶上keep away 防范，不接近keep with 陪伴keep an eye on 照看，留意，密切注意14leave 短语leave out
6、省去，遗漏，忽视，不考虑leave off 停止leave behind 遗留，忘记带走leave alone 不管，不理会15look 短语look about 环顾look up 仰望，查阅look at 看look into 调查look up to 尊重look down upon 轻视，看不起look forward to 期盼look out 当心，小心look after 照顾look upon 看待，把看作look down 俯视，往下看look through 浏览，看穿look over 检查，查看16make 短语be made of 由制成(看出原材料)be made
7、from 由制成(看不出原材料)make out 分辨出，勉强认出，理解make up 化妆，打扮，和解，配置，编造，虚构，构成，组成make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通make the best/most of充分利用17put 短语put off 推迟put down 镇压，记下put on 穿上，上演put up 挂起，张贴，举起，建立put away 储存put up with 忍受put together 把放在一起，组合18run 短语run out 耗尽run out of 用完，用光run after 追逐run across 偶然遇到run for 竞选run ove
8、r 碾过run into 偶然遇到，与相撞19set 短语set about doing sth.着手/开始做某事set aside 留出set down 放下，记下，开始认真对待set off 出发，启程，引起爆炸，激起set out to do sth.开始做某事，着手做某事set up 建立，开办，竖起，支起20take 短语take off (飞机)起飞，脱掉，突然成名take out 拿出，取出take away 拿走take in 吸收，接纳，理解，欺骗take down 取下来，拆毁，拆卸take up 接受，从事，开始，占去(时间、空间、地位等)take after 与某人相像
9、take on 呈现，雇用，承担21turn 短语turn over 移交turn on 打开，取决于turn off 关掉turn down 关小，拒绝turn out 结果是，培养出，生产turn to 转向，向求助turn in 上交turn around 转身，转过来turn up 调大，出现二、常用动词的固定搭配account for 解释，占(比例)adapt to 适应come straight to the point谈正题，开门见山come to an end 结束declare war on 宣战exchange.for.用交换make ones fortune 发财kee
10、p in touch with 与保持联系keep in shape 保持健康rise to ones feet 站起来take possession of 占有，拥有cause damage to 对造成损害go in for 爱好，参加，从事put up with 容忍hold ones breath 屏住呼吸take a deep breath 深呼吸take advantage of 利用，趁之机get in/lose touch with 与取得/失去联系get hold of 掌握，抓住，得到give sb.support 给某人支持put.into practice 将付诸行动w
11、ork out 制定出，计算出典题在线.单句语法填空1 (2015 广 东 高 考 语 法 填 空)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.2(2014辽宁高考语法填空)OK.Dont laughme.I may look funny.forat3(2014广东高考语法填空)I didnt understand why this would happen and my cred
12、it card had already been charged the reservation.4(2014福建高考单选)As a grassroots singer,she reads everything she can get of concerning music,and takes every opportunity to improve herself.5(2016秦皇岛一模)Personally,I agree the second group of people.forholdwith6(2016开封一模)This evidence shows that ignoring t
13、he traffic regulations will bring traffic accidents.7(2016长春一模)It is often the husband who gives in first when a quarrel breaks between the young couple.8(2016济南一模)Thats good.I like to keepshape,so I play a lot of sports.9(2016天津一模)I looked and there on the headland was a little kid.aboutoutinup.单句改
14、错1(2016南昌一模)I agree with most of what you said,but I dont agree on everything.2(2016大连一模)A quick search on the Internet will bring about dozens of online companies that allow you to register your home for free.3(2016聊城一模)They succeeded in escaping from the burning building by breaking out the door.o
15、nwithaboutupoutdown4(2016渭南一模)I was amazed that hed come up this sweet idea.5(2016阳泉一模)They call for people and the government to take measures to fight against the air pollution.6(2016绵阳一模)This proves that as long as we have a strong will,well be able to get down any difficulty.up 后加 withforondowno
16、ver7(2016邯郸一模)We will never give off,whatever they might do or say about our plan.8(2016佳木斯一模)The old man went down all kinds of sufferings during the war.9 Women are playing more and more important part in society they hold back half the sky.offindownthroughbackup深化认知一、常见介词的用法1on名词或动名词，表示“一就”On his
17、 arrival he went straight to the counter and spoke to the clerk in uniform behind it.一到饭店，他就径直往柜台走去，并与柜台后面穿制服的店员说话。2to 与情感名词连用，表示“某种行为后产生的感觉”，to ones delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret/.Much to our delight and satisfaction,the local government is trying to take strong measures to keep the pri
18、ce under control.令我们高兴和满意的是，当地政府正在采取强有力措施来控制物价。3by(1)含有“到的程度”的意思。This one is shorter than the other by three inches.这一个比那一个短三英寸。(2)表示买卖东西所用以计算的数或量，或付酬所用以计算的时间。Milk is sold by the pint,butter by the pound,and eggs by the dozen.牛奶论品脱卖，黄油论磅卖，蛋类论打卖。(3)表示“按照”或“根据”的意思。By my watch,the time is half past ele
19、ven.按我的表，现在是十一点半。4of 与抽象名词连用，表示的意义相当于对应的形容词 ofgreat/much抽象名词 very形容词ofno抽象名词 not形容词(2014四川高考写作)Besides,it is normal for me to feel nervous,because the exam is of great importance to me.况且，我感到紧张是正常的，因为这次考试对我来说非常重要。5beyond(1)表示“(时间)过了，比晚，迟于”。Its beyond midnight now.Is he still watching the football ma
20、tch?现在已经过了午夜了。他还在看足球赛吗？(2)表示“(位置)在那一边，超出；为所不及，超出的范围”。Beyond the river stood a power station.过了这条河就是一个发电站。Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.听了她感人的故事，大家都被感动得无以言表。6against(1)表示“逆，顶着；靠着，倚靠；碰着，撞击(表示方向或位置)”。Birds fly slowly against the wind.鸟逆风飞得很慢。He stood with his back
21、 against the wall.他背靠墙站着。The cold rain beat against the window.冷雨敲窗。(2)表示“反对(与 for 意义相反)；违背”。Others are against the idea,saying that learning English is useless and is a waste of energy.其他人反对这个观点，他们说学英语没用，并且浪费精力。(3)表示“防备，准备”。Some animals store food against the winter.有些动物为过冬储备食物。They have got prepar
22、ed against flood.他们已经做好了防洪准备。(4)表示“衬托，相映”。Flowers look better against green leaves.好花还需绿叶衬。7with(表示关系)和在一起；(表示状态)具有，带有；(表示方式)用，凭借；(表示对象)关于；(表示伴随)随着；(表示原因)由于，因为The dictionary is what I want,but I dont have enough money with me.这本词典是我想要的东西，但我身上没带那么多钱。With the vital exam drawing near,I felt so nervous
23、that I even couldnt eat or sleep,thus making me very sleepy in class.随着这场重要考试日益临近，我感到如此紧张以至于吃不下睡不着，因此课堂上无精打采。8through(表示位置)穿过；(表示时间)整个；(表示手段、媒介)依据，经由Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you through the tough years.毕业是一个向那些在艰难岁月里帮助过你的人表示感谢的好机会。9off(表示位置)在的外面，在的沿海；(表示方向)偏离；从离开The W
24、ell Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.Well Hotel 坐落于湖尽头的大路附近一个非常安静的地方。二、介词短语介词的固定搭配考查有两种：一是考查固定搭配中的介词；二是考查介词短语。常用的介词短语的固定搭配有：介词构成的短语及意义inin the meanwhile 同时in the way 阻挡in time 及时；最终in detail 详细地in favour of 同意in case 以免；万一inin return 作为回报in exchange for 用以交换
25、 in terms of 就而言in need of 需要in search of 寻找in the form of 以形式in the direction of 朝方向in honor of 为纪念in response to 作为对的回应in sight看得见in turn 依次in particular 尤其，特别in charge 负责，掌管forbe praised for 因为受到表扬for life 终生for the benefit of 为了的利益as for 就而论；关于be trained for 被训练为for lack of 由于缺乏onon behalf of 代表
26、on the contrary 相反on condition that.以作为条件on account of 因为，由于on watch 值班；监视withhave an appointment with 与有约会with regard to 关于aboveabove average 在平均数以上above all 首先；最重要的是byby chance 偶然；碰巧by name 用名字by means of 通过方法fromapart from 除之外far from 远非against warn sb.against doing sth.警告某人不要做某事out ofout of cont
27、rol 失去控制out of place 不在合适的位置；不适当的out of ones reach 某人够不着的地方out of the question 不可能out of question 毫无疑问out of sight 看不见out of order 发生故障典题在线.单句语法填空1(2015全国卷语法填空)For those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour away car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.2(2015全国卷语法填空)When a new day break
28、s,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day;the same time,they warm up again for the night.byat3(2015广东高考语法填空)Then the Johnsons had to make a living a cow.4(2015福建高考单选)A common memory they all have their school days is the school uniform.5(2015陕西
29、高考单选)The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.6 (2015 重 庆 高 考 单 选)Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68 the average.withoutofbyabove7(2014全国卷语法填空)When the bus finally came,we all hurried on board.I got a place next the window,so I had
30、 a good view of the sidewalk.8(2014浙江高考单选)While staying in the village,James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything return.9(2014北京高考单选)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves half an hour.toinin.单句改错1(2015全国卷短文改错)Tony saw a toy on a shop
31、 window.2(2015陕西高考短文改错)My soccer coach retired in last week.3(2015四川高考短文改错)Please help with me and give me some advice.4(2014四川高考短文改错)If you hear the alarm,stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.onin去掉 in去掉 withwait 后加 for5(2014全国卷短文改错)Nearly five years ago,and with the
32、help by our father,my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden.6(2014浙江高考短文改错)If we could show concern to others on need,the world would be a better place to live in.byofonin7(2016营口一模)Suddenly it occurred to me that he might have left it in the taxi.So I immediately got touc
33、h with the taxi company.8(2016烟台一模)Im afraid physics is completely against me and I have to ask you for help.got 后加 inagainstbeyond对点集训即时巩固提升知能.单句语法填空1(2016镇江调研)As soon as the project came at the meeting,it attracted many peoples attention.2(2016海口模拟)It is well known to us all that friendship calls
34、time and effort.3Second,go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid anger.upforof4I am trying to persuade him to give the attempt.5As time went,I still take singing as my hobby.6(2016昆明质检)The computer game is designed for game lovers,young on
35、es particular.7Dora has some shortcomings but the whole she seems like an intelligent,likable person.upbyinon8(2016沈阳模拟)As the only child,Jack was possession of all the belongings after his parents died.9My mother is my suggestion while my father is in favour of it.10We offered her our congratulatio
36、ns her passing the driving test.inagainston.单句改错1There is no doubt that the Internet makes communication easier and helps us keep with the latest information.2Pupils should be taught to look up their parents.3Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can put off almost every word her teacher
37、says.keep 后加 upup 后加 tooffdown4(2016西工大附中第七次适应性训练)If we continue to destroy and waste the natural resources like this,we will run out it sooner or later.5I am afraid the mountain would break down.The next morning we got up early in order to see the sun rise from the east.6In first sight,it may look
38、like a generous offer,but always read the small print.out 后加 offrominInAt7(2016东北三校联考)Im very interested in the job and Id like to apply to the position.8I want to find out a part-time job in the summer.Im 18 years old and have a good command of English,especially in terms of speaking and listening.
39、9These are the happiest girls Ive ever seen and Im the happiest in all!10He is always helping people without expecting anything as return.第二个 tofor去掉 outinofasin.语法填空(2016东北三省四市联考)It was a city in Hubei Province.On International Childrens Day,some orphans(孤儿)from the Wuhan Welfare Institute for Chil
40、dren were taken 1.the park.An elderly westerner was with them.The children were eager to tell him everything that was going on.They held him 2.the hand and never hesitated to call him Grandpa.This man was Professor William Dorrity,from Florida,USA.In 2003,3.Professor Dorrity and his wife retired,the
41、y came to Wuhan and started to work 4.volunteers at the Welfare Institute.tobywhen/afterasThe Dorritys have been working hard to improve the conditions at the Welfare Institute since they came.They often take children on day trips,5.(bring)along with them all kinds of food for the kids to enjoy.They
42、 recently bought audiphones for four orphans 6.hearing problems and small tape recorders for three blind children.They also bought a wheelchair for ten-year-old Tan Jun,7.suffers from a brain problem.With the8.(arrive)of spring,the Dorritys took the children for 9.outing.“We love China and we love children，”Dorrity said,“10.we are happy to do this.”bringingwithwhoarrivalanand/so