1、语法精讲 - 被动语态 北京四中 孙玲 被 动 语 态I. 被动语态的概念 1. 英语中有两种语态：_语态和_语态。 2. 主动语态表示主语是动作的_。 例如：Many people speak Chinese. 3. 被动语态表示主语是动作的_。 例如：上句可变为_ II. 被动语态的各种时态1. 一般现在时：2. 一般过去时：3. 一般将来时：4. 现在进行时：5. 过去进行时：6. 现在完成时：7. 现在完成进行时：8. 过去完成时：边讲边练：翻译句子 1. 全世界越来越多的人讲汉语。 Chinese by more and more people in the world. 2. 19
2、49年中华人民共和国成立。 Peoples Republic of China in 1949. 3.明天将对这个问题进行讨论。 The problem tomorrow. 4. 纸张一直被认为是中国最重要的发明之一。 Paper as one of the most important inventions in China. 5.我的自行车正在修理。 My bike repaired. 6.我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。 The book when I got to the library. III. 主动变被动 1. 一般规律 (1). All the people laughed
3、 at him. He by all the people. (2). They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes by them in the factory. (3). They sold out the tickets. The tickets 规则： （1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的_。 （2）把谓语变成被动结构（be过去分词） （3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后做_，将主格改为_。 2. 含有情态动词的被动语态 由“情态动词be过去分词”构成 We can repair this watch in two days. This
4、 watch _ in two days. They should do it at once. It _ at once. I have to finish it. It _.3. 含有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态(give, lend, pass, cook, buy, sing)主动语态:主语 + 谓语动词 + 间接、直接宾语 + 其他被动语态:间接宾语 + be + 过去分词 + 直接宾语 + 其他(比较常用)或:直接宾语 + be + 过去分词 + 介词(for / to) + 间接宾语 + 其他My sister passed me salt during lunch. I was
5、passed salt during lunch (by my sister). Salt _ me during lunch (by my sister).4. 带有复合宾语的主动语态变为被动语态 把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动。 His teacher found him a very good pupil. He was found a very good pupil by his teacher. 5. let, make, see, hear变被动 在主动句中, let, make, see, hear等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to,但在被动句中,则要保留to L
6、indas parents make her practice the piano every Sunday. Linda _ practice the piano every Sunday.6. “动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等短语变被动语态 切记介词或副词不能丢！ She looks after her grandmother. Her grandmother _ (by her). IV. 主动表被动 1). want, require, need, deserve 后接动名词的主动形式表被动。 My watch needs repairing. 若用被动则用不定式My watch ne
7、eds to be repaired. 2) be worth doing = be worthy to be done The movie is worth watching. 3). 表示物品特性等的词。 carry, cut, drive, iron, keep, lock, open, pick, read, sell, shut, tear, wash, wear, write 肉容易切。Meat cuts easily. 他的小说畅销。 His novel sells well. 这车很容易开。 _ 你的笔写起来很滑。 _ 4). 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式 T
8、he box is heavy to carry. 5). 不定式作定语 I have a lot of homework to do.V. 无被动 1）不及物动词 （除了一些加上介词如look after） 判断正误： The price has been risen. The price has risen. The accident was happened last week. The accident happened last week. 2) 系动词无被动 appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain,
9、 seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 1) It sounds good. 2) The steel feels cold. 3) Good medicine _ bitter to the mouth. 4) In warm weather fruit and meat dont _ long. 5) Much remains to be done. 练习 The palace caught fires three times in the last century, and little of the original building _now.
10、A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time. A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 4) 带同源宾语, 反身代词，相互代词的及物动词die, death, dream, live, life She dreamed a bad dream last night. 特殊用法 1. If you go there alone after dark you
11、 might get _. A. attacked and robbedB. attacking and robbing C. to attack and rob D. to be attacked and robbed 2. How can you make yourself _ if you cannot express yourself clearly. A. understandB. understood C. to understandD. understanding- How about your journey to Mount Emei ? - Everything was w
12、onderful except that our car _ twice on the way . A. slowed down B. broke down C. got down D. put down - Im still working on my project. - Oh, youll miss the deadline. Time is _. A. running outB. going out C. giving out D. losing out What he told us _ in a small village in China. A . was taken place
13、 B . was happened C. took place D . has been taken place 1. In the last few years thousands of films _ all over the world.A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced2. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _ by scientists.A. are making B. are mad
14、e C. will make D. will be made 3. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in thearea_. A. need repairingB. needs to repairC. needs repairing D. need to repair 4. It is reported that many new houses _ at present in the disaster area. A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built5. On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _ pale.A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared 6. His first book _ next month is based on a true story. A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published