1、郑州市2014高考英语一轮（暑假） 阅读理解训练（3）及答案逻辑推理题-需要考生理解字面的概念，又要掌握主要情节之间的逻辑关系，既需要依据语篇的信息去分析推断，又需要结合地理、人文、科普等常识去分析判断。逻辑推理题要求考生根据作者的写作脉络，对未发生或已发生的动作给予判断推测。解题时应考虑原因与结果之间的联系、人际之间的各种关系、事件发展的可能与归宿以及英美社会风情与民族的心态。例如：天津卷第71题，这是一道逻辑推理题。根据短文的陈述，A、B项与短文基本内容不符。短文对航空运输的现状作了详细阐述后，在最后一节特别强调飞行员与地勤人员的沟通必须引起重视。应该说，此题选D项在情理之中。又如：Emm
2、a hart Willard was an American pioneer educator . In her time colleges and universities were men , and women were not permitted to attend . Emma received advanced education at home from her father and became a school teacher at twenty . She continued to teach at school for several years after her ma
3、rriage , and began offering college lessons in her home to women students . Later she founded a school in New York State , which was the first school of higher education in the U.S A. for women . Emma Willard also tried to persuade New York State to pass a law to allow women to attend public college
4、s and universities , though that did not come about until after her death . Some years later people remembered her for her life-long efforts and elected her to the U.S.A. Hall of Fame in 1905. During Emma Willards lifetime , women in the USA _ . A. were not allowed to receive higher education B. Wen
5、t to separate colleges and universities C. Started to enjoy equal rights to education D. Began to right for the right to higher education 答案： D 。 这是一篇人物传记， 记述Emma是在家里接受她父亲的教育，数年后她创造美国第一所 女子高等学校，而后又一直争取让妇女得到与男人同在校接受高等教育的权利。通过这些事实说明当时的美国妇女开始为争取与男子享受高等教育的权利而斗争，因此，答案D正确。*结束阅读理解猜测词义Passage * Technology h
6、as been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England heginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造)of goods, which hanged ide as about work. O
7、nc of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other
8、nail. meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass production, ahhough mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks. Oncc this was done, workers no longer started on the product and lahored to complete it. Inste
9、ad, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parls in certain order.There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by todays standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to com pare with the new produciion techniques, as mass production allowed goods of
10、high standard to be produced in greater num- ber than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled workers wasnt the only loser, thc common workers lost too. Similar changes forced fanners a way. The increased mechanization (械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harve
11、sting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. Workers fed, looked after a
12、nd repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost. 1. In this passage, which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused by tile use of scientific findings in the production of goods? A. Other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. B. The inc
13、reased exploitation of workers in the 19th century. C. The increased use of machines to make products in less time. D. The use of machines producing parts of the same stand ard. 答案：B 指导：由文中第一段可知。2. The underlined word this in the first paragraph refers to_. A. the use of scientific findings B. the p
14、ractice of producing the same parts for a product C. the human power being replaced by other forms of energy D. the technology becoming the encouragement of historical change 答案：C 指导：由于其他“能”代替了“人力”，从而使“机器”生产出现。所以C为正确答案。3. The underlined word thisin the second paragraph refers to the change that_. A.
15、 each nail could be taken tile place of by every other nail B. each nail was exactly like every other nail C. producing tasks became smaller and smaller D. goods could lie mass produced 答案：D 指导：由于产品成批生产，所以产生工人只做千分之一的工作。故D为正确答案。*结束阅读理解猜测词义Passage * In the United States the most popular form of folk d
16、ancing since the earliest days has been squa,redancing. In early times, when men and women worked in gr6ups to build a bam(牲口) or harvest crops, they danced when the work was done. The music coming from a violin formed the most part, but if there was no one to play an instrument, clapping was used t
17、o produce the rhythm by which to dance. The early settlers danced in a store, in a Dam, or in a farm kitchen. A square is formed by four couples who stand facing the center of the square, Each couple stands on one side of the square, the boy on the left and the girl on the right. The caller is an im
18、portant part of the dance, since he tells the dancers which steps to do. If the dancers do not know the steps, he teaches them. It takes time to learn to be a good caller, and good callers are always in demand. These are the names of some of the steps the dancers do: Form a square; Circle; Honor you
19、r partner; Promenade (walk about slowly); Swing your partner; Form a star. There are many more. As the caller tells the dancers what to do next, they move to form the pattern he calls. Large or small numbers of people can dance at one time. Sometimes 800 or 1,000 people may be dancing at the same ti
20、me. Or there may be only one square of eight people. Costumes are worn by some who square-dance, This makes the dancing more colorful to watch. The costumes vary from place to place. Women often wear full skirts of variouscolors with a pretty blouse, Men have colored shirts and west- ern trousers th
21、at they wear only when square-dancing. In some country areas, everyone wears his best clothes. 1. From the passage we know that squaredaneing originated from_. A. the schools B. the countryside C. big cities D. factories 答案：B 指导：细节判断题，由文章第一段第二句可知。2. In the first paragraph, the underlined word “clap”
22、 means“_”. A. hit the hands together to make a sound B. a kind of thing like a radio C. shout at the top of ones voice D. knock something to make a sound 答案：A 指导：猜测词义题。前面说“if there was no one to play an instrument，此处接着说“就用clap的方式打节奏(rhythm)，由此可推知其为“拍手”之意。3. If 1,000 people dance at the same time, ho
23、w many squares can be formed? A. Only one big square, B. 1,000 squares. C. More than 100 squares. D. Less than 100 squares. 答案：C 指导：计算题。由第二段可知，每一个square由八个人组成，由此可推知。4. We can know from the passage that spuare-dancing _. A. is a nationwide custom of the US B. varies from one place to another C. is pe
24、rforrmed only by people with colorful dresses D. has changed Arrericans dressing customs答案：A 指导：短文第一段第一句可知。*结束阅读理解推理判断Passage*(典型例题) Deserts are found where there is little rainfall or where rain for a whole year falls in only a few weeks time. Ten inches of rain may be enough for many plants to sur
25、vive (存活) if the rain is spread throughout the year. If it falls within one or two months and the rest of the year is dry, those plants may die and a desert may form.Sand begins as tiny pieces of rock that get smaller and smaller as wind and weather wear them down. Sand dunes (沙丘) are formed as wind
26、s move the sand across the desert. Bit by bit, the dunes grow over the years, always moving with the winds and changing the shape. Most of them are only a few feet tall, but they can grow to be several hundred feet high. There is, however, much more to a desert than sand. In the deserts of the south
27、western United States, cliffs (悬崖) and deep valleys were formed from thick mud that once lay beneath a sea more than millions of years ago. Over the centuries, the water dried up. Wind, sand, rain, heat and cold all wore away at the remaining rocks. The faces of the desert mountains are always chang
28、ing-very, very slowly-as these forces of nature continue to work on the rock.Most deserts have a surprising variety of life. There are plants, animals and insects that have adapted to life in the deserr. During the heat of the day, a visitor may see very few signs of living things, but as the air be
29、gins to cool in the evening, the desert comes to life. As the sun begins to rise again in the sky, the desert once again becomes quiet and lonely. 1. Many plants may survive in deserts when_. A. the rain is spread out in a year B. the rain falls only in a few weeks C. there is little rain in a year
30、D. it is dry all the year round . 答案: A 指导：通过第一段内容可推出，此外作为中学生都应该有这样的常识，这题应是一个送分题。2. Sand dunes are formed when_. A. sand piles up gradually B. there is plenty of rain in a year C. the sea has dried up over the years D. pieces of rock get smaller 答案: A 指导：第二段第二句给出了明确答案。3. The underlined sentence in t
31、he third paragraph probably means that in a desert there is_. A. too much sand B. more sand than before C. nothing except sandD. something else besides sand 答案: D 指导：首先理解画线句子中的morethan(与相比多于，不只是)，然后根据本段其他句子进行推断。划线部分在本段是topic sentence，其他的句子是supporting sentence. 如果不明白主题句，可从支撑句中去推断，反之也是如此。4. It can be learned from the text that in a desert_. A. there is no rainfall throughout the year B. life exists in rough conditions C. all sand dunes are a few feet high D. rocks are worn away only by wind and heat 答案： B 指导：文章最后一段介绍了一些生活在严酷环境的沙漠中的生物情况。*结束
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