1、文化教育型阅读理解 专题导读专题五 专题导读 文化教育类阅读理解的文章属高考常选材料之一，它以中西文化差异作为选材的重点，常涉及文化、教育、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、各国学校教育、家庭教育等，重视语言和文化的关系。阅读材料更多地涉及社会文化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的社会文化背景知识。专题五 专题导读 这类材料的命题点往往在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。在做这类阅读理解题时，应注意以下几个方面：(1)采用先题后文：先读题目，再带着问题读文章。这类阅读理解文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一些，如果带着问题读
2、文章，有利于我们抓细节。(2)先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后，自然会加深我们对文章的理解，这样更有利于做主旨大意题。(3)重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类：一类是Main idea型；一类是Topic或Title型。真题典例专题五 真题典例 【2011广东卷】Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home?People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cat are worried that they will
3、 fight.A recent research has found a new recipe for success.According to the study,if the cat is adopted before the dog,and if they are introduced when still young(less than 6 months for cats,a year for dogs),it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly.Twothirds of the homes in
4、terviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.专题五 真题典例 However,it wasnt all sweetness and light.There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25%of the homes,while aggression and fighting were observed in 10%of the homes.One reason for this is probably that some of
5、their body signals are just opposite.For example,when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression,while a dog doing the same signals submission.In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully,researchers observed a surprising behavior.They are learning how to talk each others language.It is a surp
6、rise that cats can learn how to talk Dog，and dogs can learn how to talk Cat专题五 真题典例 Whats interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence.They can learn to read each others body signals,suggesting that the two may have more in common than was previously suspected.O
7、nce familiar with each others presence and body language,cats and dogs can play together,greet each other nose to nose,and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa.They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom(梳理)each other.The significance of this research on cats and dogs may go bey
8、ond petsto people who dont get along,including neighbors,colleagues at work,and even world superpowers.If cats and dogs can learn to get along,surely people have a good chance.专题五 真题典例()1.The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.Aearly BsweetlyCquickly Dsmoothly()2.So
9、me cats and dogs may fight when _.Athey are cold to each otherBthey look away from each otherCthey misunderstand each others signalsDthey are introduced at an early age()3.What is found surprising about cats and dogs?AThey eat and sleep together.BThey observe each others behaviors.CThey learn to spe
10、ak each others language.DThey know something from each others voices.专题五 真题典例()4.It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs _.Ahave common interestsBare less different than was thoughtChave a common body languageDare less intelligent than was expected()5.What can we human beings learn from ca
11、ts and dogs?AWe should learn to live in harmony.BWe should know more about animals.CWe should live in peace with animals.DWe should learn more body languages.专题五 真题典例 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。通过科学研究表明猫和狗在一定的情况下是能够和平相处的，而他们不能和平相处是由他们误解了彼此的身势语而造成的。但有趣的是猫和狗能够相互学习彼此的身势语，这样他们就能和平相处。1D 词义猜测题。由第一段“A recent research ha
12、s found a new recipe for success.”可知猫和狗也可以平静友好地相处，因此意义最接近的是D项。2C 细节理解题。根据第二段“while aggression and fighting were observed in 10%of the homes.One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals are just opposite.”可知选C。专题五 真题典例 3C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully,
13、researchers observed a surprising behaviour.They are learning how to talk each others language.”可知选C。4B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“They can learn to read each others body signals,suggesting that the two may have more in common than was previously suspected.”可知选B。5A 推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段可知。专题五 新题预测(一)A few years ago,
14、I took a sightseeing trip to Washington，D.C.Standing outside the Ronald Reagan Center,I heard a voice say,“Can you help me？”When I turned around,I saw an elderly blind woman with her hand extended(伸展)In a natural reflex(反射),I reached into my pocket,pulled out all of my loose change and placed it on
15、her hand without even looking at her.I was annoyed at being bothered by a beggar.But the blind woman smiled and said,“I dont want your money.I just need help finding the post office.”新题预测专题五 新题预测 In an instant,I realized what I had done.I judged another person simply for what I assumed she had to be
16、.I hated what I saw in myself.This incident reawakened my belief in humility(谦恭),even though Id lost it for a moment.The thing I had forgotten about myself is that I am an immigrant(移民)I left Honduras and arrived in the US.at the age of 15.I started my new life with two suitcases,my brother and sist
17、er,and a strong,serious-minded mother.Through the years,I have been a dishwasher,mechanic and pizza delivery driver among many other humble(卑微的)jobs,and eventually I became a network engineer.专题五 新题预测 In my own life,I have experienced many open acts of prejudice.I remember a time,at age 17,I worked
18、as a waiter,and I heard a father tell his little boy that if he did not do well in school,he would end up like me.I have also witnessed the same treatment of my family and friends,so I know what its like,and I should have known better.But now,living in my American middleclass lifestyle,it is too eas
19、y to forget my past,to forget who I am and where I have been,and to lose sight of where I want to be going.That blind woman on the streets of Washington，D.C.,cured me of my blindness.She reminded me of my belief in humility and to always keep my eyes and heart open.By the way,I helped that lady to t
20、he post office.And in writing this essay,I hope to thank her for the priceless lesson.专题五 新题预测()1.We can learn from the first two paragraphs that_.Athe author regretted his act of prejudiceBthe blind woman needed the money badlyCthe author was as poor as the blind womanDthe author was a native Ameri
21、can()2.According to Paragraph 4,hearing the fathers words,the author was probably_.Arather hurtBvery excitedCdeeply movedDgreatly inspired 专题五 新题预测()3.According to the passage,the author probably agrees that one should_.Abe nice to the elderly and the disabledBtry to experience different kinds of li
22、feCtreat others equally with love and respectDthink about ones past as often as possible()4.According to the passage,how many statements are TRUE?aI was not born in America.bI was impatient with the blind woman at first.cI wouldnt like to help the blind woman at all.dI have a rather rich life now.eI
23、 once was ashamed of my first jobs.A2.B3.C4.D5.专题五 新题预测()5.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?ALearn from your pastBHow my dream comes trueCA belief that will never changeDA priceless lesson in the street专题五 新题预测 【解析】一位上了年纪的女盲人在街头向作者求助，作者却想当然地认为她是在乞讨。之后作者知道自己错了，羞愧难当，经深刻反省后，
24、端正了思想认识。1A 事实推理题。根据第二段前两句In an instant,I realized what I had done.和I judged another.she had to be.再联系第四段acts of prejudice可知，作者知道自己错了，不该带着偏见行事，瞧不起穷人。2A 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句I remember a time.end up like me.可知，当时那个小孩的父亲把作者当成了反例来教育孩子，作者可能受到了很大的伤害。3C 推理判断题。帮助盲人这件事并不大，但作者深刻反省，认识到不应该对弱势群体持有偏见。C项说法与作者的意图一致。专题五 新题
25、预测 4C 细节理解题。从第三段第一、二句话可知a正确，从最后一句话可知e正确，从第一段可知b正确，从最后一段可知d正确，从本文最后的结果可知作者后来帮助了那个失明的老妇人，故c叙述有误，故本题答案为C。5D 归纳标题题。主要根据在末段第二、三句That blind womanof my blindness.She reminded me.and heart open.关键词语是末段第二句的on the streets和最后一句的the priceless lesson。专题五 新题预测(二)Just what is a tiger mother?Amy Chua is a law profe
26、ssor at Americas Yale University and her recent book on the subject is making waves.Shes been called“dangerous”，“outrageous”，even a“monster”for her descriptions of how she brought up her two daughters.Her book Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother describes fighting with a daughter for hours at the piano
27、to ensure the child gets a piece of music right.She rejected birthday cards made for her by her girls because she didnt think they had made enough effort.She compared one child negatively with the other,threatening to burn their toys.Her rules include:schoolwork always comes first;an Aminus is a bad
28、 grade;children must be two专题五 新题预测 years ahead of their classmates in math,and playing the violin or the piano is a must.Ms.Chua considers the Chinese hard work ethic as a way of creating happy,successful childrenat least in her case.Although shes had a large amount of flak for her theories,one thi
29、ng cant be ignoredthe success of Chinese children in the education system.In Britain,shocking research shows that Chinese girls,for example,are outperforming all other foreign groups at GCSE79 percent getting 5 AC Grades,compared with 58 percent of white British girls.So what is it about Chinese par
30、enting thats leading to high achievers?And how do Amy Chuas theories play into that success?专题五 新题预测 She told me that if her daughter came back from school with 96/100 in a test,Chua would ask her what happened to the other 4 points.Its about always knowing“you can do better”，she told me.Interesting
31、ly,in China,the birthplace of the tiger mother,people are moving away from traditional Chinese parenting.They are following more western parenting styles.专题五 新题预测()1.After reading Amy Chuas recent book,the public _.Afeel very sorry for their own childrenBconsider her a very successful motherCrealize
32、 their methods of bringing up children are wrongDdont think highly of her methods of bringing up her children()2.What can we learn about Amy Chua according to Paragraph 2?AShe is very strict with her children.BShe doesnt think her children are clever.CShe is very interested in playing the piano.DShe
33、 knows playing is important to children.专题五 新题预测()3.Paragraph 4 shows that _.AChinese parents dont think grades are very importantBChinese children are cleverer than British childrenCChinese parents are proud of their childrenDChinese children do well in their study()4.The underlined word“flak”in th
34、e third paragraph probably means“_”Aattention BcriticismCcuriosity Dcontribution()5.It can be inferred from the text that _.AAmy Chua will change her methodsBAmy Chua considers her methods usefulCAmy Chuas children dont love their motherDAmy Chuas children prefer western parenting styles专题五 新题预测 【解析
35、】Amy Chua写了一本关于教育她的孩子的书，书里面的内容引起了轰动，因为她的教育方法太严厉了。1D 推理判断题。根据第一段可推断出大众对Amy Chua的教育方法评价不高。2A 推理判断题。根据第二段可知Amy Chua对她的孩子很严厉。3D 细节理解题。根据第四段中Chinese girls，for example，are outperforming all other foreign groups at GCSE79 percent getting 5 AC Grades.可知中国的孩子学习成绩比较好。专题五 新题预测 4B 词义猜测题。尽管她因为她的教育理论受到了很多批评，但是有一点不容忽视中国孩子在教育上的成功。5B 推理判断题。根据第三段中Ms.Chua considers the Chinese hard work ethic as a way of creating happy，successful children.可推断出Amy Chua认为她的教育方法很有用。