1、 高一英语备课组预习学案（5）预习目标：Learn the usage of the new words and phrases in the reading.预习自测：一、分析下列宾语从句中的连词1. I dont doubt (that) you will succeed.2. I dont know whether/if he will come tonight.3. I doubt if /whether you will keep your promise.解析：3个句子中的连词that, whether, if (是否)在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为连接词。注
2、意：A. that 本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。B. whether 和if有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但whether 可以用于所有的四种名词性从句,而if 仅可以用于宾语从句。二、名词性从句的语序(1) 名词性从句构成有两种a. That + 陈述句 That light travels in straight lines is known to all.b. 疑问词+句子的剩余成分This is what we are looking for.(2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序. True or
3、 False: How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( ) Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live? ( )三、名词性从句连接词的选用(1) that 和what 的选用that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词性从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用
4、。1. _ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3. The result is _ we won the game.4. This is _ we want to know.5. Is _ he told us true?6. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.（2）不能使用if 的情况: a. 主语
5、从句 b. 表语从句 c. 同位语从句 d. 介词后的宾语从句e. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do. f. 与 or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. _ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is
6、well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7. The doctor can hardly answer the question_ the old man will recover soon.8. I havent decided _ to go there.四、其它连接代词和副词的使用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义，正确的选择 who, which, when, where, why, how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。1）_ we shall hold our sports meeting is
7、not decided. （我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。）2）I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday. （我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。）3）I have no idea _ he looks like. （我不知道他长的什么样子。）4）This is _ I left my glasses. （这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。）五、that可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的that可省略that不可省略的情况：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that不能省略1. I dont think _ she is
8、 coming.2. It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3. The reason is _ he is careless.4. The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5. I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6. He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.六、同位语从句和定语从句的区别定语从句是先行词的修饰语, 它不
9、涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用, 而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分, 充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明, 表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分, 只起连接作用, 无具体含义, 且不可省略。1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.3.The information has been announced that more
10、middle school graduates will be admitted into university.4. The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.七、宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。_ b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。_2. 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。a.他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。 _b.他说
11、他已离开家乡十年了。 _c.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。_八、在名词性从句中，我们还需特别注意以下问题：1.The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he often lied2. The reason _ he gave for his absence was _ he was ill.reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导, 不能用why引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that 引导。改错。1. If she comes ornot doesnt concern me. 2. Whoever was responsible fo
12、r the accident is not yet clear. 3. We never doubt whether he is honest. 4. You must give it back to whomever is the owner of it. 5. I feel it a terrible thing which my mother should have to toil so endlessly. 6. The fact is what he didnt notice the car until too late. 当场训练：11. I knew nothing about
13、his journey _ he was likely to be away for three months.A. if B. in that C. except that D. which12. The fact _ doctors recommend that children with hypertension drink coffee is surprising.A. what B. is that C. that D. of13. _ is no reason for discharging her.A. Because she was a few minutes lateB. O
14、wing to a few minutes being lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes lateD. Being a few minutes late14. I have no doubt _ he will overcome all his difficulties.A. whether B. when C. that D. if15. The old gentleman never fails to help _is in need of his help.A. who B. whoever C. one D. whomever16.
15、“Is there any particular dessert you would like have?” “_ you select is all right with me .”A. Whatever B. Which C. That D. Whichever17. _ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.A. That B. What C. How D. Since18. _is his own decision.A. When he is leaving B. When he leavesC. When does he leave D. He leaves19. The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aware _ she had gone.A. of where B. of the place C. the place D. the place where20. _ is of no concern to us.A. It rain or not B. If or not it rainsC. Whether it rains or not D. Will it rain or not