1、专 题 探 究考 点 突 破专题十三 构词法(词类转换)专 题 探 究考 点 突 破怎么考 词语的派生是语法填空题的必考点之一，考查考生在理解上下语境的基础上，由所给词派生出其他词来。通常涉及形容词与副词之间的转换；动词(或名词)加后缀变成形容词的转换；动词加后缀变成名词的转换；形容词加后缀变成名词的转换；动词加后缀变成“人”的名词转换；加否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀的转换等。专 题 探 究考 点 突 破怎么学 在平时的学习中，注意积累常用后缀及前缀的用法，同时积累常用词的转化。怎么解 首先要分析句子结构，看空格处要填的词在句子中充当什么成分；然后回顾思考充当这一成分需要哪类词，再看括号中所给词
2、是什么词类，应如何将其转换成所需词类。专 题 探 究考 点 突 破.体验考向 单句语法填空 1.(2015全国卷)Abercrombie&Kent，a travel company inHong Kong，says it _(regular)arranges quick getawayshere for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.2.(2015 全国卷)In addition to their simple beauty，whatmakes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _(able)to“a
3、ir condition”a house without using electric equipment.专 题 探 究考 点 突 破3.(2014全国卷)There were many people waiting at the busstop，and some of them looked very anxious and _(disappoint).4.(2014广东卷)She was _(surprise)helpful.5.(2014全国卷)Everyone on the bus began talking about whatthe boy had done，and the cr
4、owd of strangers _(sudden)became friendly to one another.专 题 探 究考 点 突 破答案 1.regularly 定期为人们安排到这儿的旅行。此处应该使用副词regularly作状语修饰动词arrange。2.ability 考查词性。空前面是形容词性物主代词their，其后面需要用名词。3.disappointed disappointed和前面的anxious并列，形容等车人的心情。4.surprisingly 考查副词。修饰形容词helpful，用副词。5.suddenly 此处需要副词修饰动词became。专 题 探 究考 点
5、突 破.考点集训 集训 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2014福建卷)I was about to give up when my father came and_(encouragement)me to keep going.2.(2013广东卷)“That would be a very _(reason)thingto do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village likeours，”Nick said.3.(2013 广 东 卷)But such a small thing couldnt _(possible)destro
6、y a village.专 题 探 究考 点 突 破4.(2013福建卷)Parents _(arrangement)everything fortheir children and spare no effort to pave the way for theirsuccess.5.(2012广东卷)Mary felt _(please)，because there weremany empty seats in the room.6.I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she haschanged beyond _(reco
7、gnize).专 题 探 究考 点 突 破7.The boss showed his _(appreciate)of Toms hard workin the company by raising his pay to$5，000 a month.8.You can_(large)your vocabulary if you keep onmemorizing some new words every day.答案 1.encouraged 2.reasonable 3.possibly 4.arrange 5.pleased 6.recognition 7.appreciation 8.en
8、large 专 题 探 究考 点 突 破集训 根据所给提示词，完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵，在语境中体会构词法。From the _1_(express)on Marys face，he knew he left abad _2_(impress)on her and if she won the _3_(elect)tobecome chairman of the Environment _4_(organize)，he couldnot get her _5_(permit)to join it although he was willing to dohis bit to rid the
9、 world of _6_(pollute)and to help people enjoya better earth.When he was wondering how to change thisembarrassing situation，he got _7_(inspire)from his wifes 专 题 探 究考 点 突 破words.Yes，he should try his best to win the election and becomechairman himself with his _8_(determine)to work for theorganizati
10、on.“My dear，you are really a wonderful _9_(help)！Im sure I will be the _10_(win)of the election.”He said to hiswife excitedly.答案 1.expression 2.impression 3.election 4.Organization 5.permission 6.pollution 7.inspiration 8.determination 9.helper 10.winner 专 题 探 究考 点 突 破知识胸有成竹 一、常考前缀 1.表示否定或相反意义的前缀dis
11、-，mis-，un-，il-，im-，in-，ir-，non-，anti-：disagree，misunderstand，unwilling，illegal，impossible，nonstop 2.形容词变动词的前缀en-：ableenable；largeenlarge，richenrich 3.其他inter-相互，over-超过；re-重新，ex-以前的，super-超，vice-副：interaction，overweight，reuse，ex-husband，supernatural，vice-chairman 专 题 探 究考 点 突 破二、常考后缀 1.形 容 词 ly 变 成
12、副 词：realreally，angryangrily，possiblepossibly。2.动词或名词变成形容词的后缀-able，-ful，-ous，-y，-al，-ible，-ive，-ary：naturenatural，useuseful，continuecontinuous，healthhealthy。3.动词变名词的后缀-al，-ance，-ence，-tion，-ssion，-ment，-ture，-y：arrivearrival，appearappearance，existexistence，inviteinvitation。专 题 探 究考 点 突 破4.形容词变名词的后缀-c
13、y，-dom，-ence，-th，-age，-ty，-ity：fluentfluence，wisewisdom，silentsilence，growgrowth，safesafety。5.表示人的后缀-er，-or，-ist，-ee，-ess，-ese，-an，-ian，-ant：teacher，inventor，artist，employee，Chinese，American，musician，servant。6.表示否定的后缀-less：hopeless，endless，fearless，careless，treeless，meaningless。7.形 容 词 变 动 词 的 后 缀-e
14、n，-fy：broadbroaden，classclassify。8.名词变动词的后缀-ize：apologyapologize。专 题 探 究考 点 突 破三、转化法 1.名词动词：back n.背vt.支持，seat n.座容纳 2.动词名词：walktake a walk，surveymake a survey 3.形容词动词：slow adj.慢的v.减慢 四、合成法 1.名词名词名词：classroom，teamwork，newspaper 2.形容词名词名词：blackboard，highway 专 题 探 究考 点 突 破3.副词名词名词：overcoat，underground
15、，outbreak 4.副词动词动词：update，overlook 5.名词动词动词：sun-bathe，proof-read 6.名 词 分 词 形 容 词：man-made，hand-made，peace-keeping 7.形容词分词形容词：good-looking 专 题 探 究考 点 突 破集训 奔向高考 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。When you decide youre going to live alone，you getupset.This is _1_(nature).But theres no need to get _2_
16、(worry).Below are some ideas _3_ can help you out.Saving money is _4_ you need to start several monthsbefore you move out.You need to save enough money _5_(help)you survive for at least a month in the new place.The _6_(easy)of all ways is to spend less!专 题 探 究考 点 突 破Search for a place to live in bef
17、ore _7_(move)out.Makesure that the place you choose is in a good location.Besides，youcan afford _8_.If youre going to stay in an expensive city，finda roommate so that you can share the expenses.And if you have to live _9_ your own for a long time，youll have to look for a part-time job.If youre _10_
18、student，you can work in restaurants，theaters，etc.And dont spend a lotof money in a wasteful way！Try and save every penny of whatyou earn.专 题 探 究考 点 突 破答案 1.natural 考查形容词。句意：当你决定单独生活时，你变得沮丧，这是自然的。分析句子成分可知，空处作表语，故此处需要用nature的形容词形式。2.worried 考查形容词。get worried“担心，担忧”。3.that 考查定语从句。句意：下面是一些帮助你摆脱困境的方法。因为先
19、行词前有不定代词some修饰，所以此处用that引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语代替先行词ideas。专 题 探 究考 点 突 破4.what 考查表语从句。句意：在你搬出去的几个月之前，你就需要开始存钱。what引导表语从句，并在从句中作宾语。5.to help 考查非谓语动词。句意：你需要存足够的钱，帮助你在新的地方生存至少一个月。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。6.easiest 考查最高级。句意：所有的方法中最容易的就是少花钱。由of all ways可知用最高级。专 题 探 究考 点 突 破7.moving 考查非谓语动词。介词before后跟动词ing形式。8.it 考查代词。此处用it指代前面的“the place”。9.on 考查介词短语。on ones own“单独，独自”。10.a 考查冠词。句意：如果你是一名学生，你能在餐馆、剧院等地方工作。此处用不定冠词a表示泛指一名学生。