1、课时质量评价(四)必修第一册UNIT 3SPORTS AND FITNESS题型组合练阅读理解七选五. 阅读理解A(2022 山东夏津一中模拟)Exercise and a healthy diet in childhood leads to adults with bigger brains and lower levels of anxiety, according to a new research in mice.Though diet and exercise are consistently recommended as ways to promote health, this s
2、tudy is the first to examine the longlasting, combined effects of both factors when they are experienced early in life.The researchers determined that earlylife exercise generally reduced anxious behaviours in adults. It also led to an increase in adult muscle and brain mass. When fed “Western” styl
3、e diets high in fat and sugar, the mice not only became fatter, but also grew into adults that preferred unhealthy foods.These findings have recently been published in the journal Physiology and Behavior. To obtain them, the researchers divided the young mice into four groups those with access to ex
4、ercise, those without access, those fed a standard, healthy diet and those that ate a Western diet.Mice started on their diets immediately after weaning (断奶), and continued on them for three weeks, until they reached physical maturity. After an additional eight weeks of “washout”， during which all m
5、ice were housed without motion and on the healthy diet, the researchers did behavioral analysis and various measurements.One of those they measured, leptin, is produced by fat cells. It helps control body weight primarily by lowering the sensation of hunger and also by increasing energy consumption.
6、 Earlylife exercise increased adult leptin levels as well as fat mass in adult mice, regardless of the diet they ate.Previously, the research team found that eating too much fat and sugar as a child can change the gut microbiota (肠道菌群) for life, even if they later eat more healthily. Going forward,
7、the team plans to investigate whether fat or sugar is more responsible for the negative effects they measured in Westerndietfed mice.Together, both studies offer critical opportunities for health interventions in childhood habits. The findings may be relevant for understanding the potential effects
8、of activity reductions and dietary changes associated with fatness.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，儿童时期的锻炼和健康饮食可以使其成年后拥有更大的大脑和更低的焦虑水平。1. What is unique about the new study?A. It involves adults eating behaviour.B. It shows key elements for a long life.C. It stresses separate impacts of exercise and diet.D. It h
9、ighlights joint effects of early exercise and diet.D细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，这项新研究的独特之处在于它首次强调了早期运动和饮食的共同影响。故选D。2. How did the researchers get the study results?A. By trial and error.B. By previous experience.C. By experimenting on grouped mice.D. By comparing mice with human beings.C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“To obtain
10、 them, the researchers divided the young mice into four groups those with access to exercise, those without access, those fed a standard, healthy diet and those that ate a Western diet.”可知，研究人员通过对老鼠进行分组实验得到研究结果。故选C。3. What is the main function of leptin?A. It forms fat cells.B. It brings down appeti
11、te.C. It stimulates hunger.D. It limits energy consumption.B细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“It helps control body weight primarily by lowering the sensation of hunger and also by increasing energy consumption.”可知，leptin(瘦身素)的主要功能是降低食欲。故选B。4. How does the author look at health interventions in earlylife habits?A. Fa
12、vorably.B. Critically.C. Indifferently.D. Doubtfully.A推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者认为这两项研究共同提供了对儿童时期的习惯进行健康干预的关键机会，这些发现可能与理解减少活动和饮食变化与肥胖相关的潜在影响有关。因此作者对早期生活习惯的健康干预持支持态度。故选A。B(2021山东泰安5月模拟)The latest sports craze is not even a sport. According to a recent article, esports are attracting a large number of audie
13、nce.In esports, players and teams compete in popular video computer games such as Dota 2 and Overwatch. Fans fill arenas to watch the action live on huge television screens.The games have gone way past kids playing against each other while sitting on a sofa at home. The International, a major compet
14、ition for players of Dota 2, awarded $24 million in prize money, with the winner taking home almost $11 million. A recent esports competition attracted more than 80，000 fans to the Olympic Stadium in Beijing, China.I have to admit that I am not a big fan of computer games. I know that some games can
15、 be educational, but I think too many kids spend too much time sitting in front of a screen shooting space aliens. I think it would be better if kids spent more time reading or playing real sports such as basketball, baseball and soccer.And please dont tell me that competitive gaming is real sport b
16、ecause it requires handeye coordination. According to my American Heritage Dictionary, a sport is “an activity involving physical effort and skill”. I dont think anyone works up much sweat playing video games.Too often, regular sports send kids a kind of message. Competition starts early, when lots
17、of kids are not ready for the ups and downs of games. Tryouts and travel teams come next, giving too many kids the message they are “not good” at sports. So lots of kids quit sports and start playing more video games.Maybe everyone in youth sports, including coaches, parents and kids, should think m
18、ore about the advantages of real sports.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文中作者论述了电子竞技受欢迎的现象，表达了对此现象的担忧。建议我们看到真正运动的好处，呼吁人们更多地关注传统体育。5. What are esports according to the text?A. Sports events on television screens.B. Easy sports games for kids.C. Video computer game competitions.D. The latest sports in the Olympics.C细节理
19、解题。根据第二段的内容可知，电子竞技是电脑游戏(video computer games)比赛。故选C。6. What might the author think of esports?A. They are not instructive.B. They should be banned in school.C. They need too much time and money.D. They have some negative influence on children.D推理判断题。根据第四段中的 “I know that some games can be educational
20、, but I think too many kids spend too much time sitting in front of a screen shooting space aliens. I think it would be better if kids spent more time reading or playing real sports such as basketball, baseball and soccer.”以及最后一段的内容可推知，作者认为电子竞技对孩子们造成了一些消极影响，更倾向让孩子们进行真正的体育运动。故选D。7. What is the author
21、s purpose in writing the text?A. To introduce a new kind of sport.B. To introduce a competition held in Beijing.C. To explain the importance of playing sports.D. To call on people to pay more attention to traditional sports.D写作意图题。根据第四段中的“I think it would be better if kids spent more time reading or
22、 playing real sports such as basketball, baseball and soccer.”和最后一段的内容可推知，作者的目的是呼吁人们应该更多地关注真正的体育(即传统体育)。故选D。8. Where is this text most likely from?A. A guidebook.B. A magazine.C. A novel.D. A brochure.B文章出处题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段和第四段的内容可知，文中作者论述了电子竞技受欢迎的现象，表达了对此现象的担忧。建议我们看到真正的运动的好处，呼吁人们更多地关注传统体育。即本文讨论了一种社会现
23、象，由此推知，本文应该出自杂志(magazine)里面的文章。故选B。. 七选五We all know about the health benefits of swimming. It offers a great workout for the body, builds muscle strength and is good for the heart. If you dont mind getting wet, it can be fun too. 1 Well, many people are enjoying it, based on evidence that it can act
24、ually be good for us.Coldwater swimming sometimes called wild swimming involves swimming in natural areas including ponds, rivers and the sea. Jumping in cold water gives a short sharp shock to the body, but many participants say they get used to it. 2 As well as being good exercise, spending time o
25、utdoors and by water improves your psychological wellbeing. 3 One man who suffered constant pain after surgery claimed he was cured by swimming in cold open water. And another swimmer claimed, “Being in cold salt water, it feels like youre at one with nature. It just feels amazing.”But what is it th
26、at people are gaining from this chilly experience? Doctors say getting into cold water causes stress response. 4 Some experts believe coldwater swimming helps “crossadaptation”， where one form of stress prepares the body for another. For example, it also helps reduce the stress of exercising at high
27、 altitude.So, if youre convinced that this is for you, take advice: approach it with caution, swim with a friend. 5 A. Do you know other benefits of swimming?B. The more you do it, your reaction to stress is reduced.C. It can have much bigger benefits than that for your body.D. But who would enjoy swimming in water that is ice cold?E. Start in the summer, when the water temperatures are higher!F. In our modern life, sometimes we have to live with all kinds of stress.G. Evidence suggests coldwater swimming has cured certain health conditions.15DCGBE
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