1、课时素养评价一Unit 1Starting out & Understanding ideas. 单句语法填空1. Bill wiped the tears from his face and apologized(apology) to another boy. 2. He has never been concerned (concern) about what others think of him. 3. The ship would have sunk (sink)with all on board but for the captain. 4. Every minute of th
2、e day is filled(full) with urgent matters. 5. He stood up, signaling(signal) the officer that he had finished with his client. 6. I as well as my daughter am(be) crazy about Disney cartoons. . 用适当的介词或副词填空1. When told of the epidemic, Zhong Nanshan headed to Wuhan immediately to help out. 2. My littl
3、e brother was crazy about playing computer games so much that his grades went down sharply. 3. How can I concentrate on/upon my study with so much noise going on?4. They need to communicate with each other more than ever before so they can understand one another at a time of rapid global change. 5.
4、The warehouse is full of donations from donors. 6. In my opinion, Li Jiaqis fans should apologize to his assistant Fu Peng for their improper remarks. 7. I felt let down and depressed because he didnt phone me. 8. Calm down, or you will say something that will get you into trouble. 9. It wasnt long
5、before we worked out the plan. 10. Please forgive me for saying that. I just needed to let off steam. . 完成句子1. For most people, its almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet. 对大多数人来说, 没有鼠标几乎无法操作计算机, 更不用说上网了。2. The perfect host is the one who saves his guest
6、 from embarrassment whatever the cost. 完美的主人就是那种不惜一切代价避免客人尴尬的人。3. Surprised and afraid, Tom ran out of the room. 又惊又怕, 汤姆从房间里跑了出去。4. We held our breath to listen while Mr Smith announced the results of the exam. 当史密斯先生宣读考试结果时, 我们都屏息静听。5. As far as little princes concerned, what is really important i
7、s not seen with the eyes, but felt with the heart. 在小王子看来, 真正重要的不是用眼睛去看, 而是用心去感受。. 阅读理解AFriends are gifts and treasures. When asked to point out one or two things that are most important to themselves, many put friends ahead of homes, jobs, clothes and cars. A true friendship carries a long history
8、of experience that determines who we are and keeps us connected. It is a treasure we should protect. Unfortunately, the better friends you are, the more probably youll have disagreements. And the result can be what you dont want an end to the relationship. The good news is that most troubled friends
9、hips can be mended. First, dont let your pride get in your way. Most of us can forgive each other when differences are brought out in the open. Second, apologize when youre wrongeven if youve been wronged. Over the course of a friendship, even the best people make mistakes. Sometimes, it may be best
10、 if the wronged person takes the lead and apologizes. When you apologize, give your friend a chance to admit that he has been wrong. Third, see things from your friends point of view. And finally, accept that friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change. Making friends can sometimes seem ea
11、sy. The hard part is keeping the connections strong during the natural ups and downs that have an effect on all relationships. My suggestion: Consider friendship an honor and a gift, and worth the effort to treasure and nurture. 【文章大意】本文是议论文。朋友关系越好就越容易产生分歧, 这些分歧会导致朋友关系破裂。文章就修补友谊给了几点建议。1. The “wronge
12、d person” underlined in the text refers to a person _. A. who has been mistaken for anotherB. who has been blamed unfairlyC. who has treated friends badlyD. who has admitted his mistakes【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据下句When you apologize, give your friend a chance to admit that he has been wrong. 可知, 你道歉是给犯错的朋友承认错误
13、的机会。此处the wronged person takes the lead and apologizes. 指的是被错怪受委屈的人先道歉。2. According to the text, a friendship can last long only if _. A. we have much in commonB. we know our friends mistakesC. we treat our disagreements wiselyD. we have known one another for long【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段Unfortunately, the
14、 better friends you are, the more probably youll have disagreements. And the result can be what you dont want an end to the relationship. 可知, 朋友关系越好就越容易产生分歧, 这些分歧会导致朋友关系破裂。由此推知, 要想保持长久的友谊, 明智地处理分歧是关键。3. What should we do if we follow the authors second suggestion?A. Stick to our own points of view.
15、B. Avoid making mistakes. C. Make an apology first. D. Change our lifestyles. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段Second, apologize when youre wrong even if youve been wronged. 可知, 作者的第二点建议是朋友之间不管哪方有错, 你都要先道歉。4. What would be the best title for the text?A. Easy Ways to Make FriendsB. Ups and Downs in FriendshipC. How
16、 to Mend a Troubled FriendshipD. How to Take the Lead in Making Friends【解析】选C。主旨大意题。第一段讲述朋友的重要性;第二段介绍分歧会导致朋友关系破裂;第三段点出本文主题The good news is that most troubled friendships can be mended. 下文提出具体的修补友谊的方法。由此可知, C项How to Mend a Troubled Friendship适合做本文最佳标题。【方法技巧】概括主旨的方法是: 先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句, 若无明显主题句, 就通过关键
17、词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句)。以本篇第4小题为例, 本篇第一段讲述朋友的重要性;第二段介绍分歧会导致朋友关系破裂;第三段点出本文主题The good news is that most troubled friendships can be mended. 下文提出具体的修补友谊的方法。由此可知, C项How to Mend a Troubled Friendship适合做本文最佳标题。BHow to Make Friends, According to ScienceFriendship is one of lifes most important features,
18、and one too often taken for granted. The human desire for companionship may feel boundless, but research suggests that our social capital is finitewe can only handle a certain number of relationships at one time. Social scientists have used some creative approaches to measure the size of peoples soc
19、ial networks; these have returned estimates ranging from about 250 to about 5, 500 people. Looking more specifically at friendship, a study using the exchange of Christmas cards to test closeness put the average persons friend group at about 121 people. However vast our networks may be, our inner ci
20、rcle tends to be much smaller. The average American trusts only 10 to 20 people. Moreover, that number may be shrinking: From 1998 to 2017, the average number of trusted friends decreased from three to two. This is both sad and of important consequence, because people who have strong social relation
21、ships tend to live longer than those who dont. So what should you do if your social life is lacking? Here the research is instructive. To begin with, dont refuse to consider the humble acquaintance(交情). Even interacting with people with whom one has weak social ties has a meaningful influence on wel
22、l-being. Beyond that, building deeper friendships may be largely a matter of putting in time. A recent study out of the University of Kansas found that it takes about 50 hours of socializing to go from acquaintance to casual friend, an additional 40 hours to become a “real” friend, and a total of 20
23、0 hours to become a close friend. If that sounds like too much effort, renewing inactive social ties can be especially rewarding. Reconnected friends can quickly recapture the trust they previously built, while offering each other a dash of novelty(新奇)drawn from whatever theyve been up to in the mea
24、ntime. And if all else fails, you could start randomly to tell secrets to people you dont know that well. Self-disclosure makes us more likable, and as a bonus, we are more likely to favor those to whom we have revealed our soul. Longing for closeness and connection is common and everywhere, which s
25、uggests that most of us are stumbling(跌跌撞撞)through the world, expecting companionship that could be easily provided by the lonesome stumblers all around us. So set aside this article, turn to someone nearby, and try to make a friend. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是关于如何发展友谊的小贴士。5. From Paragraph 2, we can know
26、 that _. A. a strong social relationship can guarantee a long lifeB. real friendships are based on the exchange of presentsC. peoples inner circle is decreasing despite large social networksD. peoples social networks depend on their desire for companionship【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中However vast our network
27、s may be, our inner circle tends to be much smaller. 可知, 不管我们的社交网络有多大, 我们的核心圈往往要小得多。从第二段我们可以知道, 尽管有很大的社交网络, 人们的核心圈子仍在减少。6. What does the author suggest to improve ones social life?A. Sharing secrets with close friends. B. Choosing likable people as friends. C. Avoiding the humble acquaintance. D. Sp
28、ending time for deeper friendships. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中Beyond that, building deeper friendships may be largely a matter of putting in time. 可知, 除此之外, 建立更深厚的友谊可能很大程度上是投入时间的问题。所以作者对改善一个人的社交生活的建议是花时间加深友谊。7. What is the passage mainly about?A. The tips on how to develop friendship. B. The reasons for se
29、eking companionship. C. The benefits brought by a good social life. D. The relationship between friendship and happiness. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段Friendship is one of lifes most important features, and one too often taken for granted. 友谊是人生最重要的特征之一, 而且常常被认为是理所当然的。根据第三段 So what should you do if your social
30、 life is lacking? 那么, 如果你的社交生活缺乏, 你该怎么办呢?以及下文的具体介绍可知, 本文讲述的是关于如何发展友谊的小贴士。8. The author helps readers better understand his idea mainly by _. A. using research resultsB. making comparisonsC. giving some examplesD. telling personal stories【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段中but research suggests that our social capita
31、l is finitewe can only handle a certain number of relationships at one time. (但研究表明, 我们的社会资本是有限的我们一次只能处理一定数量的关系。)以及第三段中A recent study out of the University of Kansas found that it takes about 50 hours of socializing to go from acquaintance to casual friend(堪萨斯大学最近的一项研究发现, 从相识到变成普通朋友需要大约50个小时的社交活动。)由
32、此判断出作者主要通过研究结果来帮助读者更好地理解他的观点。. 阅读填句How to Keep Long-Distance FriendshipsDont let distance keep you away from your friends. 1Schedule time to chat. Because of kinds of reasons, you and your friends might not be able to chat on the phone every day or even every week. 2 My best friend from high school
33、is a new mom and we are in different time zones. But she makes an effort every few weeks to call me on her drive home from work. When I go back home our friendship feels like Id never left. 3 Texting (发短信) your friends can be a good way. It can help you know about each other. My friends and I text e
34、ach other about the small things like having to work late or losing an earring. Use social media. Social media is a good way to keep my long-distance friendships going. It allows you to keep up with your friends lives. 4 That makes you feel more deeply connected to them. Vacation together. 5 One fri
35、end and I havent lived in the same state for 5 years, but I can see her on trips. By going on trips, we can not only stay in touch, but also can create new memories together. Not every friendship is a friendship that can survive long distance. The thing we can do is to do what we can to keep it. A.
36、Share small things. B. Schedule time to eat together. C. Why not plan a trip with your friends?D. Use these tips to stay close with your friends. E. It can also help you learn more about their other friends. F. I drove three hours from Kentucky to spend time with her. G. Anyway, you should try to fi
37、nd suitable time to chat with your friends. 【文章大意】本文是说明文, 关于如何保持远距离的友谊, 作者提出了一些建议。1. 【解析】选D。此题空前一句是“不要让距离疏远了你和朋友”;选项D意为: 使用下面这些建议, 可以与你的朋友保持亲密。 “distance, keep you away, friends”与选项D中“stay close with your friends”是反义词复现。下文是关于如何保持友谊的几条建议。选项D承上启下。2. 【解析】选G。此段首句是“安排时间聊天”, 也是本段的主题句。选项G意为: 无论如何, 你应该尽量找恰当
38、的时间和你的朋友聊天。空前两句中都提到chat, 选项G中 chat是原词复现。3. 【解析】选A。分析文章结构, 所填空是该段的主题句。根据下文“My friends and I text each other about the small things”可知, “通过发短信等形式说一些小事情”是保持友谊的好方法。选项A意为: 分享一些小事。4. 【解析】选E。此题线索是代词指代和逻辑。选项E意为: 它还可以帮助你更多地了解他们的其他朋友。空前一句中“It allows you to. . . ”, 选项E中“It can also help. . . ”都有代词it , 都是指代Soci
39、al media;选项E中also 表示递进关系, 是进一步说明“社交媒体是保持远距离友谊的好方法”。5. 【解析】选C。此段主题句是“一起度假”。选项C意为: 为什么不和你的朋友计划一次旅行呢?“plan a trip” 和“Vacation together”意思相关。【方法技巧】七选五做题技巧1. 略读文章抓大意即以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句, 以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(如however, but等词后的内容) , 以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。 如此篇文章可以跳跃式地浏览, 会发现每一小段的首句就是该小段的主题句。2. 重点阅读上下句因为正确选项必定
40、会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺, 解题时大多只看上句, 或只看下句, 就可基本确定答案。如第1小题, 空格处的上一句意为“不要让距离疏远了你和朋友”;选项D意为: 使用下面这些建议, 可以与你的朋友保持亲密。选项D承上启下, 从而确定选项。 3. 标题结构如果考查段落标题, 先看看其他标题的语言形式, 同一文章中的几个段落小标题基本上是同一语言形式。如果其他标题是名词短语, 该题答案也是名词短语;如果其他标题是祈使句, 该题的答案也是祈使句。如第3小题, 空格处在段落的首句位置, 观察其他每小段的首句, 都是小标题, 也就是此段的主题句, 形式都是祈使句。因此, 此空格处也是主题句, 也应该
41、是祈使句形式, 可以帮助确定选项。4. 词汇复现显神功上下文与主题相关的词汇通常会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现, 这种现象叫词汇复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现;以同义词的形式重复出现, 叫同义复现;以近义词或近义表达(意思相近, 表达方式不同)的形式重复出现, 叫近义复现;以词义相同而词性不同的形式重复出现, 叫同根复现。还有上义词与下义词的复现(adult是teacher, parent的上义词, 而teacher, parent就是adult的下义词)。如第2小题, 此题线索是词汇复现, 空前两句中都提到chat, 选项G中 chat是原词复现, 可帮助确定选项。5.
42、 代词、逻辑亦管用七选五就是考查上下文之间的衔接, 而代词是语篇衔接的重要手段之一, 故解题中要善于利用这一衔接手段。 如第4小题, 空前一句中的It与选项E中的 it, 都是指代Social media;选项E中also 是逻辑线索, 表示递进关系, 可以帮助确定选项。. 完形填空 For most people, a family member would be their inspiration. As for me, 1 my mother and father were both great influences, my greatest influence came from a
43、television program Gilmore Girls. Nearly every day after school, I would come home, 2 on the couch, and turn on the television. Upon hearing the theme song and seeing the 3 faces, I was overcome by a sense of 4 and total peace. All the days hardships would 5 . I would forget about any 6 stress. When
44、 it was about five oclock, I would sit in front of the TV to watch another episode of Gilmore Girls. It was what I had to 7 in my day, because I was having a tough day and I simply loved to laugh at their humorous dialogues. Each of the characters had a 8 personality, unlike anyone I had ever known.
45、 The more I watched Gilmore Girls, the more I found myself wanting to be a “Rory Gilmore”. Much of Rorys success came from her mother. In the process of 9 Harvard or any college, I have recently discovered it is a long process. My mother has also encouraged me to follow my dreams and to make my own
46、10. I am a particularly hesitant person, so 11 this task is not easy for me. In 12 and developing into her own person, Rory Gilmore discovered her dreams and how to achieve them; that was how she 13 me. Although I am a girl who is still trying to find my true self, Rory made me feel as if I could14
47、everything. No matter which college I may 15, Ill always know that the road, which I travel to get there, is a road well worth traveling. 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一档名为“Gilmore Girls”的电视节目如何激励作者的故事。几乎每天放学后, 作者都会回家看这个电视节目, 它让作者感到放松和愉悦, 并且其中的人物也激励着作者追求自己的梦想。1. A. unlessB. becauseC. now thatD. even though【解析】
48、选D。句意: 对我来说, 虽然我的父母都有很大的影响, 但我最大的影响来自于一档名为Gilmore Girls的电视节目。空格处引导的从句意为: 我的父母对我都有很大的影响。而逗号后的主句意为: 我最大的影响来自于一档名为Gilmore Girls的电视节目。由此可判断出前后为转折关系, 因此应用even though来引导让步状语从句。2. A. pick upB. lie downC. lay downD. show up【解析】选B。句意: 几乎每天放学后, 我都会回家, 躺在沙发上, 打开电视。pick up捡起;lie down躺下;lay down放下;show up出现。根据下文
49、on the couch可知是躺在沙发上。lie down意为“躺下”, 符合语境。3. A. common B. unusualC. familiar D. strange【解析】选C。句意: 一听到主题曲, 看到熟悉的面孔, 我就被一种如释重负、彻底平静的感觉所征服。common普通的;unusual不寻常的;familiar熟悉的;strange奇怪的。根据上文中的Nearly every day after school(几乎每天放学后)可知, Gilmore Girls是一档作者常看的电视节目, 由此可知作者对节目中的角色是熟悉的。4. A. reliefB. careC. hono
50、rD. surprise【解析】选A。句意: 一听到主题曲, 看到熟悉的面孔, 我就被一种如释重负、彻底平静的感觉所征服。relief如释重负;care关心;honor荣誉;surprise惊讶。根据下文and total peace可知Gilmore Girls让作者感到如释重负和平静。a sense of relief意为“如释重负的感觉”, 是固定短语。5. A. pauseB. disappearC. decreaseD. stop【解析】选B。句意: 一天的艰辛都会消失。pause暂停;disappear消失;decrease减少;stop停止。根据上文and total peace
51、可知作者看电视节目的时候感到如释重负和平静, 由此可推断出这让作者一天中的艰辛都消失了。 disappear意为“消失”, 符合语境。6. A. casualB. formalC. certainD. previous【解析】选D。句意: 我会忘记之前的压力。casual随便的;formal正式的;certain必然的;previous以前的。根据上文Nearly every day after school可知作者是放学回家后开始看电视的, 故此处指的是看电视之前的压力。7. A. look forward toB. make up forC. pay attention toD. take
52、 charge of【解析】选A。look forward to期待;make up for补偿;pay attention to注意;take charge of负责。根据下文because I was having a tough day and I simply loved to laugh at their humorous dialogues, 可知作者喜欢看这个电视节目里那些幽默的对话并因此大笑, 以及联系上下文感情色彩可推测看Gilmore Girls是作者一天中期待去做的事情。8. A. uniqueB. goodC. strangeD. ambiguous【解析】选A。句意:
53、 每个角色都有独特的个性, 不像我所认识的任何人。unique独特的;good好的;strange奇怪的;ambiguous模糊不清的。根据下文unlike anyone I had ever known(不像我所认识的任何人)可知这些角色的个性都很独特。9. A. passing byB. thinking ofC. searching forD. getting into【解析】选D。句意: 在进入哈佛或其他大学的过程中, 我最近发现这是一个漫长的过程。passing by路过;thinking of想起;searching for搜索;getting into进入。根据下文Harvard
54、 or any college可知是进入这些大学, get into进入(学校), 符合语境。10. A. effortsB. experimentsC. decisionsD. trips【解析】选C。句意: 我的母亲也鼓励我追随自己的梦想, 让我自己做决定。efforts努力;experiments实验;decisions决定;trips旅行。结合上文的follow my dreams(追随自己的梦想)及空前的make my own可知是自己做决定, make decisions意为“做决定”, 符合语境。11. A. proposingB. quittingC. confrontingD
55、. undertaking【解析】选D。proposing提议;quitting 放弃;confronting面对;undertaking承担。根据上文I am a particularly hesitant person可知作者是一个非常优柔寡断的人, 因此可按逻辑推理知此处指的是“承担”这一任务(即做出自己的决定)对作者而言并不容易。undertake意为“承担”, 符合语境。12. A. speeding upB. growing upC. hanging outD. holding on【解析】选B。speeding up加速;growing up长大;hanging out闲逛;ho
56、lding on坚持。根据下文and developing into her own person(形成自己的人格)可知是在成长和形成自己的人格的过程中。13. A. inspiredB. enviedC. admiredD. calmed【解析】选A。句意: 在成长和形成自己的人格的过程中, Rory Gilmore发现了她想要做的事情, 以及找到了实现自己梦想的方式;那就是Rory Gilmore激励我的方式。inspired激励;envied羡慕;admired钦佩;calmed使平静。14. A. conquerB. findC. analyzeD. afford【解析】选A。句意:
57、虽然我是一个仍在寻找自我的女孩, 但Rory让我觉得我似乎可以征服一切。conquer征服;find找到;analyze分析;afford买得起。根据上文Rory Gilmore discovered her dreams and how to achieve them(Rory Gilmore发现了她想要做的事情, 以及找到了实现自己梦想的方式)及下文everything可知通过Rory的故事, 作者觉得自己似乎可以征服一切。15. A. knowB. conductC. admitD. choose【解析】选D。句意: 无论我选择哪所大学, 我始终知道我要到达那里所经过的那条路, 是一条值
58、得去走的路。know知道;conduct实施;admit承认;choose选择。根据上文No matter which college I may可知是指不管作者选择哪一所大学。阅读理解 “For you, a thousand times over. ” The words echoed (回响) in my heart long after I had finished the heartbreaking story. Each word struck me with the power of staunchness, the power of determination, and the
59、 power of love, whether it is from Hassan or Amir. Its hard to use a few words to describe what the story is about because too many things are revealed, friendship, familial affection, love, inferiority, timidity, betrayal, regret, atonement, etc. Its even harder to imagine how the writer managed to
60、 expose so many aspects of human nature in just one story, with the truth of cruelty. Unlike many other stories in which the main characters are always perfect men or heroes, Kite Runner shows us a real man who is also desperate for others approval, who may also become timid in the face of challenge
61、, who will also make big mistakes, just like most of us. In the story, we witness Amirs growth from an immature, unconfident boy to a brave man, willing to shoulder responsibilities. But he grows up with pain and regret, and almost at the cost of his life. The story strikes me with the cruel reality
62、 that some mistakes take a lifetime to make up for. Some hurt which has already been caused can never be undone. Some people, once left, may never return. So always keep a sense of responsibilities for what you are doing, so that unnecessary hurt can be avoided. If mistakes are made, try to make up
63、for it at once, for you may never have a second chance. Also, cherish people you love when they are still by your side, for they may be away for good. At last, I believe that the person, who is ever promised by others with the word “For you, a thousand times over”, is the luckiest guy in the world.
64、I wish I could have this honor too. 【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要描述了作者写的读后感, 以及得到的一些生活启示: 要做有责任心的人;如果不小心犯了错误, 一定要去弥补;要珍惜身边的人等。1. The passage most probably is _. A. a book reviewB. the preface of a bookC. a summary of a bookD. an original piece from a book【解析】选A。推理判断题。从第一段中“为了你, 千千万万遍。在我读完这令人心碎的故事很久之后, 这句话仍回
65、响在我心中。每句话都给我一种坚定的力量, 一种决心的力量, 一种爱的力量。”开篇点明主题, 可推断出这是一篇读后感。2. According to the passage, which statement is correct?A. Amir reflects many aspects of human nature. B. Amir grows up happily with love and friendship. C. Amir likes to challenge himself in growth. D. Amir is a brave hero who loses his life
66、 at last. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。从第二段中追风筝的人向我们展示了一个真正的男人, 他也渴望得到别人的认可, 他也会在挑战面前变得胆怯, 他也会犯大错误, 就像我们大多数人一样。”可知, 在追风筝的人这本书中展现的主人翁跟我们生活中的大多数人一样。A项Amir reflects many aspects of human nature. ( Amir反映了人性的许多方面)符合题意。3. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “for good”?A. sometimesB. frequentlyC. forev
67、er D. occasionally【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中Also, cherish people you love when they are still by your side, for they may be away for good. (同样, 当他们还在你身边的时候要珍惜你爱的人, 因为他们可能会永远离开你)。sometimes偶尔;frequently经常地;forever永远;occasionally偶尔地。根据常识可知, 每个人的生命都是有限的, 总有一天会离开亲人, 所以人们要珍惜还在身边的人。故只有forever带入句中符合语境。4. Which o
68、f the following will the author most agree with?A. Wait for what you love though its far away. B. Cherish what you have before its gone. C. Chase what matters despite the difficulties. D. Avoid what hurts unless it counts. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Also, cherish people you love when they are still by you
69、r side, for they may be away for good. (同样, 当他们还在你身边的时候要珍惜你爱的人, 因为他们可能会永远离开你)。B项Cherish what you have before its gone. (在失去之前, 请珍惜你所拥有的一切)符合题意。【方法技巧】细节理解题考查的是考生根据材料查找关键信息及重要细节、判断新组成的语句与材料原意是否一致等的能力。主要有以下陷阱: “无中生有”“颠倒黑白”“偷换概念”。如本文中的第2小题, B. Amir grows up happily with love and friendship. 和C. Amir likes to challenge himself in growth. 就属于“颠倒黑白”;D. Amir is a brave hero who loses his life at last. 就属于“偷换概念”。